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Biomedical subjects

E Orlando

Publications and source records attributed to E Orlando.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Cholelithiasis. Ultrasonography and other diagnostic methods. Usefulness, indications, and limitations].

It is reported that 12.5% of the Italian population suffer from cholecystopathy. The Authors carried out a retrospective analysis of the cases observed over an 18-month period. It was found that ultrasonography was the most appropriate screening method to reveal cholecystic pathologies and diseases of the biliary tract since it is specific and sensitive and also enables adjacent organs to be examined (liver, kidneys, aorta, pancreas, spleen).

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Traumatic perforation of the duodenum: report of 5 cases].

The results of surgery in 5 cases of traumatic rupture of the duodenum are presented. The site of the laceration, the time between trauma and operation, associated lesions, diagnostic routine and type of operation are specified. The mortality encountered (40%) should be related to the seriousness of the lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Endoscopy or surgery in the treatment of obstructive jaundice].

The role of operative endoscopy as opposed to surgery in the treatment of obstructive jaundice is in continuous positive evolution due to the rapid technical progress made in the use of this method. Of a total of 93 patients treated over the course of 3 years, some received surgical treatment alone, others endoscopic treatment alone, and a third group received endoscopic therapy followed by surgery. Various parameters were taken into consideration for the three groups studied: the pathological cause of jaundice, age, sex, success of the method used, early and late complications, hospital deaths. Results were then compared.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

[Segmental portal hypertension caused by splenic vein thrombosis].

Seventeen cases of segmental portal hypertension due to splenic vein thrombosis are reported. This syndrome may be asymptomatic for a long time and then present suddenly in the form of a serious picture of high digestive haemorrhage due to rupture of gastric fundus varices as a result of hypertrophied submucous collateral drainage circulation. Useful for diagnosis are oesophagogastroduodenoscopy, which points to stomach varices, and splenoportography or splenic artery angiography with venous phase, which highlight pathognomonic dilatation and tortuosity of the gastroepiploic veins. Surgical exploration typically shows: presence of large epiploic vessels, splenomegaly, absence of changes in the liver and in the portal and mesenteric circulation. Curative treatment of choice is splenectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Distal pancreatectomy with conservation of the spleen. Apropos of 3 consecutive cases].

Three distal pancreatectomies with preservation of the spleen are described. The indications were infiltration of the pancreatic tail by a gastric adenocarcinoma in the first patient; acute and chronic inflammation of the pancreas in the second and third. This type of operation takes very little longer than classic distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy, does not increase the incidence of postoperative complications and above all prevents the onset of sometimes lethal sepsis especially in young patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Echocardiographic study of the left ventricle function in heroin dependence].

The left ventricular function has been examined in 20 drug addicts with echo-Doppler and echocardiographic methods. The results obtained demonstrate that, in a certain percentage of drug addicts, there is, in comparison to controls, a subclinical alteration of the ejection fraction and the circumferential shortening velocity; on the contrary, alterations of cardiac output are not observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

In vitro platelet adhesion to vascular subendothelium: studies in patients with polycythaemia vera.

In this work we studied platelet adhesion to subendothelial surfaces in 10 patients with polycythaemia vera and 10 healthy volunteers at 40% Hct (corresponding to the mean value of our control group) and 55% Hct (a value roughly corresponding to the mean Hct in polycythaemic patients). Platelet concentration was kept constant at 2.0-2.5 X 10(11)/l. The results indicate that there was a statistically significant increase in adhesion both in controls and in patients with Hct varying from 40% to 55%. The contribution of the higher Hct in promoting platelet adhesion was comparable in the two groups. When red blood cells (RBC) from the patients were tested with platelets from healthy volunteers in cross-over experiments, they promoted adhesion in the same way as control RBC. Similarly, when patients' platelets were mixed with control RBC, adhesion was the same as control platelets. These data indicate that platelet and RBC contribution to this parameter are not significantly modified in this group of polycythaemic patients, provided that platelet and RBC values are adjusted to control range.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Inhibition of ticlopidine of platelet adhesion to human venous subendothelium in patients with diabetes.

To elucidate the bleeding tendency that follows the administration of ticlopidine, we investigated the skin bleeding time and some ex vivo functions of platelets from nine patients with insulin-dependent diabetes before and 2 weeks after daily doses of 500 mg ticlopidine. Ticlopidine significantly prolonged bleeding time and reduced platelet reactivity to fixed, relatively high concentrations of aggregating agents, without interfering with thromboxane B2 formation. We used a rotating probe device at a relatively low shear rate (570 sec-1) to measure platelet adhesion to human subendothelium. This system was able to detect an impairment of platelet adhesion dependent on glycoprotein (GP) Ib defect (Bernard Soulier syndrome) or on low platelet von Willebrand factor content, but was insensitive to platelet GPIIb-IIIa defect (Glanzmann's thrombasthenia). In our patients, platelet adhesion was consistently reduced after the administration of ticlopidine. We conclude that ticlopidine is an inhibitor of platelet function that modulates the interaction between platelets. The drug also appears to interfere with mechanisms that modulate platelet-subendothelium interaction at relatively low shear rates. This double action could be relevant in the prevention of vasculopathy in patients with diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Emergency ultrasound cardiography in acute precordial pain of cardiovascular origin].

In emergency surgery, the essential prerequisites for success are speed, promptitude and precision. For this reason diagnosis must be equally prompt and precise and may require not only clinical examination but also a number of instrumental examinations designed to confirm or even to formulate the diagnosis which is usually the case in precordialgias of cardiovascular origin. In such syndromes ultrasound cardiography is particularly advantageous for the following reasons: it is non-invasive, provides immediate results and any number of examinations can be performed on the patient in bed. Since such ultrasound techniques are also reliably accurate, they constitute the method of choice when the patient's condition is critical, when a serial study of a single patient is required and when the results are required immediately, as is the case in emergency heart surgery. Four types of ultrasound cardiography are currently available for the diagnosis of precordialgias of cardiovascular origin: 1) one dimensional M-mode echocardiography; 2) two dimensional real time echocardiography; 3) Doppler ultrasound cardiography; 4) the echo-Doppler system in which Doppler ultrasound cardiography is combined with one or two dimensional echocardiography. Acute precordial pain of cardiovascular origin may be due to the following pathological conditions: 1) ischaemic cardiopathy especially acute myocardial infarction and transitory myocardial ischaemia; 2) acute pericarditis; 3) aortic stenosis; 4) idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis; 5) mitral prolapse; 6) dissecting aneurysm of the aorta; 7) pulmonary thromboembolism. In all these cases the single and two dimensional image and Doppler ultrasound cardiography provide highly sensitive and specific information that is, in some cases, decisive for diagnosis and in others confirms the diagnosis already formulated. In addition these techniques may provide valuable prognostic data. Ultrasound cardiography is indeed useful in all cardiological emergencies, such as those caused by cardiomegaly, new and developing murmurs, peripheral embolisms, cardiac traumas and arrhythmias. It is therefore suggested that every Emergency and Intensive Care Unit should be able to use the resources offered by ultrasound cardiography in diagnosis.

Aortic Diseases↗
PubMed1987

Hyperplasia and metaplasia of ovarian surface epithelium in women with endometrial carcinoma. Suggestion for a hormonal influence in ovarian carcinogenesis.

Surface ovarian epithelium and that of related inclusion cysts were comparatively studied in two groups of patients: one group of 50 non-pregnant women without myometrial, endometrial, or cervical hyperplasia and/or neoplasia; a second group of 50 women surgically treated for endometrial cancer and without evidence of ovarian pathology. Papillomatosis, hyperplasia and tubaric, squamoid, endometrioid and mucinous metaplasia were more frequently present in ovarian surface epithelium or in related inclusion cysts in patients with endometrial carcinoma. These findings may be correlated with a hormonal oncogenic stimulus involved in the genesis of endometrial cancer and suggests a new "hormonal" hypothesis in the pathogenesis of common epithelial tumors of the ovary.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Serial analysis of fibronectin concentration in plasma of patients with benign and malignant breast diseases.

The serial levels of fibronectin (FNp) in plasma from 65 patients with benign and malignant breast disease and from 74 healthy control women were assayed by the use of the rocket immunoelectrophoresis procedure. Mean FNp levels in patients with breast cancer were age-matched with control subjects, but no clear correlation was found between FNp levels and the presence of primary tumor. Mean FNp values for fibroadenoma patients did not differ either from controls or from patients with malignant disease. Patients were also categorized according to TNM classification, to the number of positive axillary nodes, to the histologic grade of malignancy, and to the presence of estrogen receptors. Although differences were not significant, a higher number of patients with levels greater than the normal 95% percentile were found only in the group with four or more positive axillary nodes and in the group with a greater number of histologic malignancies. Marked fluctuations in FNp concentrations were found in individual patients during the follow-up period, independently of the treatment received. FNp seems unsuitable as a tumor marker because, besides its apparent lack of specificity for cancer, it reflected neither the host-tumor burden nor the response to treatment.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1983

[Food poisoning with marine animal toxins of invertebrate origin].

The consumption of seafood is increasing and hence the risk of poisoning. For this reason, the study of food poisoning caused by zootoxins from marine invertebrates has become of signal importance. These toxins come from bivalve molluscs and other species. Depending on the type of toxin concerned, poisoning attributable to molluscs may give rise to paralysis, caused by saxitossin, neurotoxic effects (gimbretoxin), or haemolysis (venerupin). Poisoning caused by coelenterates, echinoderms, cephalopods, Neptunea, abalone, crabs and lobsters is less common, and its clinical pictures and pathogenesis have not been fully established. In some instances, toxins presented in the phytoplankton ingested by these animals appear to be responsible, whereas in others its would seem that they themselves elaborate the active principles directly.

Animals↗