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Biomedical subjects

E Okada

Publications and source records attributed to E Okada.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Effects of cardiac lymphostasis on sinus nodes. A histological study in canine experiment.

The mechanism of sinus node dysfunction caused by cardiac lymphostasis was studied in dogs with histological and electrophysiological methods. A total of seventeen mongrel dogs were used in this study. Out of them 12 animals were operated to induce cardiac lymphostasis and sacrificed 3, 6, and 10 days after operation. In 3 of the dogs, in addition to cardiac lymphostasis, local cardiac hypertension was induced by constricting the descending aorta (artificial coarctation of the aorta). The other five dogs were sacrificed as normal controls. The signs of deteriorated pacemaker function of the sinus nodes; sinus arrest escape rhythm, and bradycardia were observed in electrocardiographic (ECG) tracings in dogs with cardiac lymphostasis. The sinus node cells of the animals revealed cytoplasmic oedema, and swelling of the cells developed progressively parallel to the time elapsed after the operation. The pathological changes in the animals with combined lymphostasis and local hypertension were more severe than those seen in the animals with lymphostasis only. In one out of the three dogs with combined operation, scattered foci of necrobiotic sinus node cells and necrobiosis of the medial smooth muscle cells in sinus node arteries were also observed. It was concluded in the present study that cardiac lymphostasis induced water and electrolyte imbalance in sinus nodes. The disturbed water and electrolyte homeostasis resulted in alterations in the electrophysiological activity of the sinus nodes. In order to elucidate the exact relationship between cardiac lymphostasis and human sick sinus syndrome, further experimental and clinical studies will be necessary.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Fundamental and clinical studies of imipenem and imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Fundamental and clinical studies of imipenem (MK-0787), a new type of carbapenem antibiotic, and MK-0787 combined with cilastatin sodium (MK-0791), a renal dipeptidase inhibitor, were carried out. The results obtained were as follows: MK-0787 500 mg alone or MK-0787 500 mg with MK-0791 500 mg was administered by intravenous drip infusion over 30 minutes. Plasma levels of the drug were similar either following the administration of 500 mg of MK-0787 alone or 500 mg of MK-0787 with 500 mg of MK-0791. When MK-0787 was administered with MK-0791, MK-0787 and MK-0791 levels at 2 hours after the end of infusion in uterine arterial plasma were 6.8 micrograms/ml and 3.2 micrograms/ml, respectively, and in venous plasma were 8.4 micrograms/ml and 4.7 micrograms/ml, respectively. MK-0787 tissue levels ranged from 0.8 microgram/g to 3.8 micrograms/g at 205 minutes after the end of infusion. Based on these results, the plasma and tissue levels of MK-0787 and MK-0791 with b.i.d. dosage exceeded the MICs of the drug against clinical isolates in the field of obstetrics and gynecology such as E. faecalis, E. coli Klebsiella sp., Peptococcus sp., Peptostreptococcus sp. and B. fragilis immediately after the administration. However, it seemed that the b.i.d. dosage was insufficient to maintain the in vivo concentration of these agents high enough to inhibit the growth of the above bacteria. Eighteen patients with obstetric and gynecologic infection (12 with intrauterine infections, 2 with pelvic dead space inflammation, 2 with pelvic peritonitis, 1 with a vaginal cuff abscess and 1 with a vulvar abscess) and 1 patient with other infection (abdominal wall abscess) were evaluated, but 1 patient with pelvic peritonitis was later excluded from the efficacy evaluation because of a serious illness. MK-0787/MK-0791 was administered twice daily in a 30-minute intravenous drip infusion. Clinical results were excellent in 1 patient, good in 16 and poor in 1, for an efficacy ratio of 94.4%. No side effects were observed. Only abnormal laboratory findings observed were elevation of S-GOT and S-GPT in 1 patient which normalized 2 weeks after the treatment was discontinued. These results suggest that MK-0787/MK-0791 will be useful for the treatment of obstetric and gynecologic infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Fundamental and clinical studies on aztreonam].

Aztreonam (AZT), a new monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic, was studied on the transfer into intrapelvic tissues and on the clinical efficacy in the treatment of 19 cases of obstetrical and gynecological infections. The AZT levels were examined in the pelvic dead space exudate in 6 patients who received radical hysterectomy due to uterocervical cancer. The simulation curves for AZT were well performed after the decision of the pharmacokinetic parameters using the two-compartment model. Following 1-hour intravenous drip infusion of 1 g of AZT, the peak concentration of AZT in cubital venous blood was estimated 73.3 micrograms/ml at the end of infusion. The peak concentration of AZT in the pelvic dead exudate was estimated 18.6 micrograms/ml at 2.31 hours after infusion. Following intravenous 1-hour drip infusion of 1 g, the transferred level of AZT into uterine tissues was maintained at the effective concentration which means the excess level of the MIC against clinical isolates often observed in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. AZT was administered 2-4 g/day in 2 times a day by intravenous drip infusion for 60-90 minutes. The subjects were 19 patients with the following infections; pyometra (1), puerperal intrauterine infection (4), postoperative parametritis (4), pelvioperitonitis (2), purulent lymphocyst (1), acute salpingoophoritis (1), vaginal stump abscess (1), Douglas abscess (2), pelvioperitonitis + pyosalpinx (2), vulval abscess (1). Clinical efficacy was; excellent in 2 cases, good in 11 cases and poor in 6 cases. No notable side effect or abnormal laboratory finding was noted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Fundamental and clinical studies on cefpiramide in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Cefpiramide (SM-1652, CPM), a new cephem antibiotic was studied for the transfer into intrapelvic tissues and clinical efficacy in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. The results were obtained as follows. Clinical results of 17 patients with obstetrical and gynecological infection were excellent in 10 cases, good in 6, and poor in 1 with the efficacy rate of 94.1%. Following a single intravenous 30 minutes-drip infusion of 1 g dose of CPM, the peak of serum level and intrapelvic tissues were obtained at 30-60 minutes after completion of the administration. No adverse reaction or abnormal laboratory findings were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Basic and clinical studies on cefminox in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Fundamental and clinical studies on cefminox (CMNX, MT-141), a new cephamycin antibiotic, were carried out and the following results were obtained. When CMNX was administered at a dose of 1 g by intravenous drip infusion taking 1 hour, the serum concentrations as high as 20 micrograms/ml and 21 micrograms/ml were detected even at 4 hours after administration for the uterine artery and elbow vein, respectively. From these results, CMNX was supposed to maintain in vivo concentrations high enough to inhibit 80 to 100% of the growth of bacteria such as S. aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus and anaerobic bacteria, B. fragilis, which are the commonest clinical isolates in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Clinically, in 7 cases of female genital infections (4 cases of parametritis, 1 case of intrauterine infection, 1 case of pyometra and 1 case of pelveoperitonitis), CMNX was administered at a daily dosage of 2 g in 2 divided doses as intravenous drip infusions taking 90 minutes each. The clinical results were excellent in 1 case, good in 3 cases and poor in 3 cases, with an efficacy rate of 57.1%. In 6 out of these 7 cases progressive carcinoma was present as the underlying disease. No side effects nor abnormalities in laboratory findings were observed in any of the 7 cases. These results suggest that CMNX is effective in the treatment of obstetrical and gynecological infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Treatment of stage I and II ovarian cancer (interim report of intraperitoneal chemotherapeutic perfusion and postoperative prophylactic intracavitary irradiation)].

74 cases of primary ovarian cancer treated here previously were classified into three groups, no residual (corresponding to Stage Ia, Ib), cell residual (Ic-IIc) and mass residual (III, IV), and prognoses were compared. The 5 year survival rates were 83.3%, 29.4% and 12.6% respectively. In Stage I and II cases, almost all of the tumor mass would be removed by operation. Therefore the target of postoperative treatment should be the residual cancer as cell units spread widely throughout the abdominal cavity. For this purpose, IPCP has been performed on 35 cases of Stage I and II since 1977. The 3 year survival rate for this series is as good as 88.6%, and the sites of recurrence were localized in the small pelvic cavity adjacent to the Douglas pouch in 5 out of 6 relapsed cases. This fact suggests that IPCP is capable of controlling the cancer cells in the upper abdominal cavity, but still insufficient to control them in the pelvic cavity where deeper invasion is suspected. In order to improve the local control ability, utilization of the uterus as the applicator for prophylactic intracavitary irradiation came to be considered. The spread of cancer to the uterus was found in 5 out of 38 cases in Stage I and II(13.2%), but silent invasion was found in only one case. These results suggests that the utilization of the uterus as the applicator for prophylactic intracavitary irradiation would be feasible if no macroscopical cancer extention to the uterus exists and the uterus is suitable for application. Several combinations with Tandem and Ovoid have been tested and an adequate method has been proposed.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1985

[A summary of the experience with cisplatin in the treatment of gynecological malignancies, with special reference to advanced ovarian cancer].

This report summarizes the results on the evaluation of Cisplatin in gynecological malignancies. A total of 51 evaluable cases, comprises 29 of which were advanced or recurrent ovarian cancer and 22 of other gynecological malignancies. The main results are summarized as follow: The overall efficacy rate was 58.3% on ovarian cancer and 13.6% on other malignancies. Seen histologically, almost the same good overall efficacy rates were obtained in all types except for the mesonephroid type. When Cisplatin therapy is used in combination with surgery, the preoperative use provides a higher efficacy rate (68.2%) than the postoperative use (28.6%). Also cases with a Second Look Operation showed a much higher one year survival rate (80.0%) than those of the cases without S.L.O. (25.0%). From these results, it is deduced that Cisplatin is the most useful agent for induction chemotherapy for S.L.O. on advanced ovarian cancer. The side effects observed were milder than those of anti-cancer drugs known so far with the usual dosage, and no fetal damage was observed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Von Recklinghausen's disease (neurofibromatosis) associated with malignant pheochromocytoma.

An autopsy case of von Recklinghausen's disease (vRD) associated with malignant pheochromocytoma is reported. The patient is a 36-year-old Japanese male and diagnosed as vRD both clinically and pathologically. He died from right adrenal tumor with wide spread metastases to lungs and bone marrow. The tumors presented satisfactory histological features in favor of pheochromocytoma and neurosecretory granules were demonstrated in both primary and metastatic lesions ultrastructurally. Statistical study of 182, 673 autopsy cases from Annuals of Japanese Autopsy Cases was also done in order to investigate the relationship between vRD and associating tumors including benign and malignant pheochromocytoma. Cases with vRD showed significantly higher incidences of malignant Schwannoma, neurofibrosarcoma, intracranial glioma, and pheochromocytoma compared to that of non-vRD cases. Other malignancies revealed rather smaller incidences than non-vRD cases. These neurogenic tumors are to be principal life threatening problems in patients with vRD. Rare incidence of malignant pheochromocytoma in vRD is to become from low incidence of pheochromocytoma, though significantly greater than that of non-vRD cases.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Progeria with cardiac hypertrophy and review of 12 autopsy cases in the literature.

An autopsy of an 11 years 5 months old boy with progeria is presented. Hyaluronuria, low growth rate of skin fibroblasts, decreased number of T-cells in lymphocyte subpopulation, increase of anti DNA antibody, and antibody for microsome of thyroid gland were detected clinically. He had suffered an attack of cerebral infarct and died of congestive cardiac failure. Pathologic findings were scleroderma-like skin atrophy, moderate arteriosclerosis of the aorta and great arteries, severely narrowed coronary sclerosis with an extensive subendocardial fibrosis, a large left cerebral infarct with pin-holed stenosis of both internal carotid arteries, cortical atrophy of thymus, and atrophic lymph nodes. The cardiac muscle fibers were slightly hypertrophied and measured 15.5 +/- 2.8 microns in diameter. Histologic findings suggest that increasing of collagen in the connective tissue may play an important role in progeria. Further study of metabolic disturbance in the connective tissue of progeria is necessary.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1984

[Fundamental and clinical studies on sulbactam/cefoperazone in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Fundamental and clinical studies on sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ), a combination drug of sulbactam and cefoperazone, were carried out in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. The following results were obtained: Transfer into female genital organ tissues Following 1 hour intravenous drip infusion of SBT/CPZ, favourable transfers of both of SBT and CPZ to female genital organ tissues and pelvic dead space exudate were observed. Clinical evaluation A total of 12 cases comprising 6 with intrauterine infection, 1 with pyometra, 1 with abscess of portio vaginalis, 2 with parametritis, 1 with pelvioperitonitis and 1 with purulent lymphocyst was treated with SBT/CPZ. Clinical efficacy was excellent in 6 cases, good in 5 cases and poor in 1 case, with overall efficacy rate of 92%. The bacteriological efficacy was judged as eradicated in 3, and as decreased in 2 out of 5 evaluable cases. In all of the 5 cases, isolated organisms were beta-lactamase producing organisms. No notable side effects or abnormal laboratory findings were observed except 1 case with elevations of GOT and GPT.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Fundamental and clinical study of ceftriaxone in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Ceftriaxone (Ro13-9904, CTRX), a newly developed cephalosporin antibiotic, was fundamentally evaluated through determination of the levels in the female genital organ tissues and in the pelvic dead space exudate. CTRX was also studied on its clinical efficacy in 13 cases with gyneco-obstetric infections. The transmission of CTRX into the female genital organ tissues was favorable: the peak level in each tissue was as high as 38 to 63 micrograms/g 18 to 37 minutes after administration. The level in each tissue even after about 18 hours remained around 10 micrograms/g, suggesting its better transmission into the tissues than other drugs. The transmission into the pelvic dead space exudate was also good: the level reached a peak of 100 to 120 micrograms/ml 1 to 3 hours after administration and still ranged from 74 to 76 micrograms/ml even after about 12 hours. The clinical efficacy was excellent in 5, good in 5 and poor in 3 out of 13 cases with gyneco-obstetric infections and the efficacy rate was 76.9%. Neither adverse reaction nor laboratory test abnormality was observed in any case. The above-mentioned results suggest that CTRX is a useful antibiotic for gyneco-obstetric infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Fundamental and clinical studies on ceftazidime in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Ceftazidime ( CAZ ) was studied for the transfer into intrapelvic tissues and for the clinical efficacy in the treatment of 20 cases of obstetrical and gynecological infections. Transfer into the tissues--Following intravenous 1 hour-drip infusion of 1 g, favourable transfer of CAZ into intrapelvic tissues was observed. The peak drug level of 50 approximately 66 micrograms/g was obtained at 5 approximately 36 minutes after completion of the administration. Clinical evaluation-- CAZ was administered at a daily dose of 2 approximately 4 g in 1 approximately 4 divided doses by intravenous drip infusion for 90 minutes. The subjects were patients with the following infections; pyometra (1), puerperal endometritis (3), parametritis (5), pelvioperitonitis (3), purulent lymphocytes (2), retroperitoneal abscess (1) and acute adnexitis (5). Clinical efficacy was; excellent in 15 cases, good in 3 cases and poor in 2 cases, with the overall efficacy rate of 90.0%. No notable side effects or abnormal laboratory findings were observed except for eruption in 1 case.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Laboratory and clinical studies on latamoxef in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Latamoxef (LMOX) is a new antibiotic synthesized by Shionogi Research Laboratory. Chemically LMOX is especially unique with a sulfur atom replacing the oxygen atom in the 1 position of the conventional cephalosporin nucleus, and in addition, this antibiotic has a cephamycin-like structure. The antibacterial activity of LMOX shows high potency against Gram-negative bacteria, but tends to be weak against Gram-positive bacteria. The tissue levels of LMOX in humans after intravenous injection of 1 g were examined. The levels in uterine and adnexa uteri tissue at 1 hour after administration were 25.4 and 27.4 micrograms/g respectively. LMOX was administered to 147 cases in infections of obstetric and gynecological field. The clinical effect according to disease was 94.6% for intrauterine infections, 95.0% for adnexitis, 87.0% intrapelvic infections, and 100% for external genital organ infections, making a total of 92.5%. The rate of occurrence of side effects or abnormal laboratory findings was similar to or slightly less than that seen with other beta-lactam antibiotics.

Adult↗