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Biomedical subjects

E Okada

Publications and source records attributed to E Okada.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[A case of metastatic carcinoma to the retina].

The authors report a case of metastatic carcinoma to the retina. The patient was a 61-year-old man who had an operation for a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the rectum. Ophthalmoscopic examination disclosed a single, white, elevated mass lesion surrounded by serous retinal detachment located in the upper part of the macula of the right eye. A few retinal hemorrhages existed around the lesion. Fluorescein angiography revealed partially obscured retinal vessels due to compression by the tumor and arteriovenous anastomosis. Postmortem pathologic examination confirmed metastases to the brain, lung and retina. Microscopic examination showed a retinal lesion and tumor cells in the right eye. Tumor cells, similar to the carcinoma of the rectum, were present only in the neurosensory retina and did not invade the pigmented epithelium or choroid.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Electrical stimulation of male monkey's midbrain elicits components of sexual behavior.

We electrically stimulated the midbrain of male rhesus monkeys seated in a restraint chair facing the female partners and examined whether sexual behavior could be induced. When the midbrain was stimulated (0.2 ms, 50-500 microA and 50 Hz for 2.5 s), the male monkey touched and held the waist of his partner (latency; 0.9 +/- 0.4 s, mean +/- SD, n = 225), and then mounted her when she responded with presenting her hip toward him. However, this mounting, unlike when the hypothalamus was stimulated, did not lead to thrusting or ejaculation even if the stimulation continued. The sites in the midbrain where the stimulation elicited touching and mounting were the ventral tegmental area, the substantia nigra, the nucleus reticularis mesencephali and the nucleus reticularis pontis oralis et caudalis. Touching and mounting were not elicited when the partner was put away from the male or replaced by submissive male monkeys or humans. The findings suggest that the stimulation-evoked touching and mounting are components of copulatory behavior and that the midbrain structures may be involved in the sexual behavior of male monkeys.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Clinical records: a case report of Wegener's granulomatosis limited to the ear.

A 12-year-old girl had a 1-week history of left otalgia with hearing loss in May, 1989. Audiometry showed a conductive hearing loss of 60 dB. The conventional medical treatment for acute otitis media was initiated, but the symptoms and signs failed to respond this treatment. Four weeks after initial presentation, a diagnostic mastoidectomy was performed. The histological findings of the granulomatous tissue in the mastoid cavity showed nonspecific granulomatous inflammation, infiltrated with multinucleated giant cells. Initial laboratory studies revealed elevated ESR, positive CRP and RA, inverted A/G ratio, and increased Ig level. She had no other sites of involvement, such as the nose, paranasal sinus, pharynx, and larynx, and also no pulmonary or renal involvement was indicated. The diagnosis of a limited form of Wegener's granulomatosis was made on the above clinical and histological findings and laboratory examinations. The patient was then treated with cyclophosphamide, 80 mg/day (2 mg/kg) and prednisolone, 60 mg/day. After 1 week her symptoms and general condition were dramatically improved. Out-patient follow-up 1 year later showed her hearing level was improved to 28 dB, and she continues to do well without evidence of recurrence of the disease.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1991

[Effects of frequent antral lavage on chronic sinusitis in children].

Eighty cases of pediatric sinusitis (4 to 15 years old, averaged 8 years old) were treated with frequent antral irrigations. Antral puncture was made through the inferior meatus with a Kyoto University needle under topical or general anesthesia. Then a plastic tube of 14G Medicut intravenous cannula was left in place to serve as an indwelling catheter. Antral lavages were performed through this tube 3 times daily for 7 to 10 days. The opacity of the maxillary sinus at post-treatment was improved significantly compared with that at pre-treatment in Waters view. This improvement was continued even at about 5.7 months after treatment. The opacity of the ethmoid sinus was also improved significantly after the treatment in occipito-frontal view. Our results suggest that the frequent antral lavage is an useful therapeutic modality for pediatric sinusitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical study of intramuscular imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

The efficacy and the safety of intramuscular imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) were evaluated in 22 patients with obstetric and gynecologic infections. 0.5 g/0.5 g of IPM/CS was suspended in a lidocaine solution and administered in the gluteal muscle twice a day for 3-7 days. Nineteen patients with intrauterine infections were evaluable for the clinical efficacy and 22 for the safety. 1. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 6 patients, good in 11 and poor in 2, and the efficacy rate was 89.5%. Thirteen out of 14 patients who had not responded to treatments with other previously administered antibiotics showed excellent or good responses to IPM/CS. 2. Causative bacteria were eradicated in 5 patients, decreased in 2, unchanged in 3 and replaced in 3, with an eradication rate of 61.5%. 3. Among 22 patients treated with IPM/CS, an eruption and general itching were observed in 1 patient, but no abnormal laboratory test values were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Management of chronic sinusitis in children].

The managements and the results of therapy for children with chronic sinusitis were reported. During the period of 1980 to 1988, 190 patients, aged 3 to 15, were examined at our outpatient clinic. The pathologic conditions of the maxillary sinus were examined by the contrast x-ray study (X-MFT). The mild, moderate and severe lesions in the maxillary sinus evaluated by X-MFT were 22%, 44; and 34%, respectively. Sixty-two per cent of ethmoid sinus was opacified in occipito-frontal view. The degree of patency of the maxillary ostium was evaluated by an application of the constant pressure to the maxillary sinus. Almost all maxillary ostia of these patients were patent. Nasal mucociliary clearance was reduced in 37% of the patients examined after the saccharin method. Antral lavages were performed once in a week for the therapy of 72% of children with chronic sinusitis. The efficacy of this modality was evaluated by the above mentioned items. The maxillary and ethmoid lesions, and nasal mucociliary transit time were significantly improved by the modality after 25 months in average. These results indicate that the antral lavage is an useful therapy for chronic sinusitis in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Regional myocardial hypertrophy induced by repeated brief coronary occlusion in conscious dogs.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether repeated brief coronary occlusion induces myocardial hypertrophy in the region subjected to reversible ischemic insult. In five conscious dogs, a subendocardial segment length in the area perfused by the left circumflex coronary artery (LCCA) was measured along with left ventricular pressure. After complete recovery from surgery, 167 (mean) 2-minute LCCA occlusions were repeated for 22 days. Before and after repeated coronary occlusion, the resting heart rate, left ventricular systolic and end-diastolic pressures, and dP/dt were unchanged. The resting end-diastolic segment length in the LCCA area was increased by 6.6% (p less than 0.05). On histologic examination, there was a disproportionate increase in myocardial cell size in the LCCA area compared with the area perfused by the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) (18.2 mu vs 15.4 mu, p less than 0.05). In an additional similarly instrumented five dogs, myocardial cell size in the LCCA and LAD areas was comparable (14.2 mu vs 14.0 mu, p = NS). We conclude that the repeated brief ischemic episodes induce regional myocardial hypertrophy confined to the ischemic area.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

Development of binucleated myocytes in normal and hypertrophied human hearts.

To clarify the development of binucleated cardiac myocytes (BCMs) in human hearts, lengths for BCMs and mononucleated cardiac myocytes (MCMs) were histologically measured and compared in 49 hearts weighing 13-730 g. The mean cell length was significantly longer in BCMs. The growth rate of cell length relative to the heart weight in BCMs and MCMs was almost identical and less than 0.333. The scattering of different lengths of BCMs and MCMs was much greater in adults, suggesting that each myocyte develops at a different rate. Short MCMs of 37.5 microns in hypertrophied hearts suggested that some BCMs might divide into two. In adult hearts, binucleation might arise, because BCMs with internuclear distance under 2.5 microns were found. The mean half of the sum of nuclear lengths of BCMs was shorter than the mean nuclear length of MCMs. They were largely constant in hearts weighing under 500 g but increased in larger hearts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Pharmacokinetics of cis-diammine (glycolato) platinum (254-S), a new platinum antitumor agent, following an intravenous and intraperitoneal infusion bioactive platinum concentration profile].

The pharmacokinetics of cis-diammine (glycolato) platinum (254-S) was investigated in cancer patients following intravenous and intraperitoneal infusion. The serum concentrations of total and unbound 254-S were determined by bioassay and chemical assay as platinum. Platinum detected by bioassay was thought to be active and unchanged 254-S. Almost all of platinum in plasma were found to be active and unbound to protein because of no differences in the concentrations determined by bioassay and chemical assay and in plasma and plasma filtrate. In abdominal ascites, platinum concentrations determined by bioassay corresponded with those determined by chemical assay, suggesting that 254-S was stable in abdominal ascites. The Cmax and AUC of active 254-S in plasma determined by bioassay following an intraperitoneal infusion were about 60% and 60-80% of those following an intravenous infusion, respectively. These results showed that 254-S was well absorbed into systemic circulation from abdominal ascites as an active form. It is concluded that antitumor effect may be obtained following an intraperitoneal infusion of 254-S as well as for the reduction of abdominal ascites.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Comparison of preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer].

Temporary blockage of uterine and ovarian vessels with forceps led to an approximately two-fold increase in the transfer of LMOX and Carboplatin to uterine muscle, ovarian tissue and pelvic lymph-nodes after the release of forceps. This result suggests the importance of preserving these main vessels for the effective transfer of chemotherapeutic agents to target tissues. Ten cases in stage III or IV underwent cytoreductive surgery followed by three courses of CDDP, ADM, CPA chemotherapy and SLO (postop. group). A further 27 cases were given diagnostic laparotomy followed by the same chemotherapy and SLO (preop. group). Examination of both groups revealed the following: The efficacy rate of the CAP regimen was 77.8% in the preop. group and 50.0% in the postop. group; the surgical extirpation rate exceeding 90% at SLO was 76.1% and 50.0% in the preop. and postop. groups respectively. The survival period was longer in the preop. group, ie., two years in 69% versus 40% and three years 43% v 20% of the preop. and postop. groups, respectively. Preoperative (Neo-adjuvant) chemotherapy followed by aggressive surgery was concluded to be preferable to carrying out enforced reduction surgery first on such advanced cases where the mass of the residual disease cannot be left untouched is unavoidable.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1988

Alteration of epicardial lymphatics in lymphostatic canine hearts.

This study was conducted in an attempt to establish a method for evaluation of cardiac lymphostasis in autopsy cases and animal experiments. Ten mongrel dogs were operated on to induce cardiac lymphostasis in terms of ligation of coronary lymphatics. From the following day to 6 months after surgery, epicardial lymphatics were visualized to measure the volumes and densities of the lymphatics. The mean volume, measured after 1 week (0.27 +/- 0.09), 2 weeks (0.32 +/- 0.04), and 6 months (0.23 +/- 0.05) continued to be higher than that on the first day (0.16 +/- 0.04) (P less than 0.05). The density, measured after 1 week (2.6 +/- 0.3) and 2 weeks (3.7 +/- 0.7), also showed higher values, than that on the 1st day (1.7 +/- 0.7) (P less than 0.01). However, 6 months later, the measured value (1.9 +/- 0.03) showed no statistical difference compared to that of the 1st day. Observation under a binocular microscope revealed impressions of a progressive increase in both number and thickness of the lymphatics as late as 2 weeks after the induction. However, 6 months later, there was marked dilatation and a relative decrease in the number of lymphatics.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Fundamental and clinical study on cefuzonam in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Cefuzonam (L-105, CZON), a new beta-lactam antibiotic, was studied for its transfer into intrapelvic tissues and for clinical efficacy in the treatment of obstetrical and gynecological infection. 1. Following an intravenous 1 hour drip infusion of 1 g, the transferred CZON into uterine tissues reached and was maintained at effective concentrations which were defined as levels exceeding MICs against clinical isolates frequently obtained from patients in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. The peak concentration of CZON in the pelvic dead space exudate was estimated to be 20 micrograms/ml at 0.5-1 hour after infusion. 2. Subjects studied were 5 patients with the following infections: pyometra (3 cases), puerperal intrauterine infection (1 case), vaginal cuff infection (1 case). Clinical efficacies were good in 4 cases and poor in 1 case. No notable side effects or abnormal laboratory test results were noted.

Adnexa Uteri↗
PubMed1988

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the perinatal period].

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS), a parenteral carbapenem antibiotic combination drug, were carried out in patients in the perinatal period. The obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. Concentrations of IPM and CS in umbilical cord blood, amniotic fluid and maternal blood were determined in 13 patients after 500 mg/500 mg of IPM/CS was administered by a drip infusion over a period of 30 minutes. Peak levels of both drugs in umbilical cord blood were about 30% of those in maternal blood. Although the levels gradually declined thereafter, the decline was slower in umbilical cord blood than in maternal blood and the levels became higher in the former than in the latter after 2 hours or more. The transfer of both drugs into amniotic fluid was slower than into umbilical cord blood. Peak levels were observed 5-6 hours after administration, averaging about 30% of that in the maternal blood for IPM and 45% for CS. 2. A 500 mg/500 mg dose of IPM/CS was administered to 10 patients with postpartum infections by a drip infusion over a period of 30 minutes or more twice daily in the morning and in the evening. Clinical responses were excellent in 6 patients and good in 4, with an efficacy rate of 100%. Bacteriologically, all of the 19 strains identified previous to the treatment were eradicated except for 1 strain. However, one new strain of Enterococcus sp. appeared in 1 patient. No side effects or abnormal laboratory findings were observed. These results suggest that IPM/CS will be useful for the treatment of various infections in the perinatal period.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on ceftriaxone in the perinatal period].

Ceftriaxone (CTRX), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, was studied for its pharmacokinetic features and clinical efficacy in the perinatal period and the obtained results are summarized below. 1. Following a one shot intravenous injection of 1 g of CTRX into each of 29 parturient women, CTRX levels were between 4.5 and 19.5 micrograms/ml at 6 hours postdose and between 4.5 and 4.7 micrograms/ml at 24 hours postdose in the amniotic fluid and between 11.7 and 22.7 micrograms/ml at 6 hours postdose and between 4.5 and 4.7 micrograms/ml at 24 hours postdose in the umbilical cord serum. It was shown that CTRX was maintained there at high levels for a long time and the transfer of CTRX into the umbilical cord serum was better than that of other antibiotics. 2. Following a one shot intravenous injection of 1 g of CTRX into each of 12 cases of puerpera, CTRX was detected in the mother's milk until 10 hours postdose, though at a very low level averaging 0.32 to 0.79 microgram/ml. It was considered, however, that CTRX affected little infants through the mother's milk. 3. CTRX was evaluated to be very effective in 2, effective in 5 and ineffective in 1, of 8 cases of infections during the perinatal period. From the above results, CTRX appeared to be effective against infections during the perinatal period.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1987

Light microscopy of GTP-binding protein (Go) immunoreactivity within the retina of different vertebrates.

To examine species differences in the distribution pattern of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein (Go) within the vertebrate retina, paraffin-embedded retinae from a number of vertebrate species, including the goldfish, frog, turtle, chicken, monkey, and human, were immunohistochemically stained with affinity-purified antibody against the alpha-subunit of Go. Go-immunoreactive products were found to be located in the neuropil, but not in the cell bodies of neurons, in the retina of all these species. However, some species differences were observed. In the frog, monkey and human, the inner plexiform layer (IPL) was homogeneously stained with this antibody, but in the goldfish, turtle and chicken, the IPL was heterogeneously stained. In the frog, chicken, turtle and human, the outer plexiform layer (OPL) was densely stained with this antibody, but in the goldfish and monkey, the OPL was rather faintly immunoreactive to the antibody. In the goldfish, monkey and human, the outer nuclear layer (ONL) was not immunoreactive to the Go-antibody, whereas in the frog, turtle and chicken, the ONL was immunoreactive to it. The implications of these species differences in Go localization in the vertebrate retina are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Classification of cardiac rupture complicated in myocardial infarction. Pathological study of 32 cases.

Thirty of 32 cases with cardiac rupture (CR) complications in the myocardial infarction were found out of a total of 91 cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The mean age of the ruptured group in females was significantly younger than that of the non-ruptured group. Twenty-one cases showed free wall rupture of the left ventricle, six perforation of ventricular septum and three double rupture. All cardiac ruptures occurred in cases of transmural infarction. The age of AMI was histologically estimated. Nine cases complicated within the first 24 hours of AMI showed rupture of the left anterior wall. CR in the periphery within the infarct occurred at any time during the first week after onset, and cases of the central rupture were increased in number after the 3rd day of AMI. Pathologic findings indicated that elevated wall tension was considered to be most closely related to the cause of CR. Thirty two cases of CR were classified into three types: (1) blowout type, (2) hemorrhagic dissecting type, and (3) thinning-with-rupture type. Hemorrhagic dissecting type was characterized by multiple endocardial ulcers and fissure canals extending from the ulcer with hemorrhage in the surrounding myocardium. Complex fissure was seen in two cases of this type.

Aged↗