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Biomedical subjects

E Newbrun

Publications and source records attributed to E Newbrun.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Sucrose in the dynamics of the carious process.

The conclusion that sugar consumption and caries are related is inescapable. Studies of the dynamics of sucrose metabolism by cariogenic organisms, investigations of experimental caries in animals and clinical observations of the inter-relationship of dietary sucrose intake and caries experience all provide compelling evidence that the proportion of sucrose in a food is one important determinant of its cariogenicity. Accordingly, better labelling of foods and beverages to disclose the concentration (percentage by weight or volume) of sucrose and other sugars would help consumers in choosing products less likely to cause caries. Journals, particularly professional ones, should refrain from publishing potentially misleading or distorted advertisements concerning foods. Because of the multifactorial nature of caries aetiology, the fact that humans eat a mixed diet and evidence that the sequence of eating various foods may affect their cariogenic potential, it is most unlikely that any one test of cariogenicity could be reliable. It may be possible to use a combination of tests to gain meaningful information on the cariogenicity of foods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Xerostomia.

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Citrates↗
PubMed1981

Fluoride balance studies in ambulatory healthy men with and without fluoride supplements.

Fluoride balances were determined in healthy adult males under metabolic ward conditions. This is the first fluoride study to use the diffusion method in exploring the balances of subjects ingesting basal (i.e., everyday) diets with deionized water for cooking and drinking. Certain groups were given daily supplements of 5 or 10 mg. fluoride as sodium fluoride in divided doses with meals. Fluoride was measured in the diets, sodium fluoride tablets, urine, feces, and serum. Approximately 90% of the fluoride excreted was found in the urine and the remainder in the feces in all groups. In the control subjects, fluoride balances were uniformly negative (mean of -0.40 mg/day); in contrast, balances were uniformly positive (mean of +1.38 and +2.88 mg/day, respectively) in subjects receiving 5 or 10 mg F supplements daily. Serum ionic fluoride concentration increased proportionally to fluoride intake and averaged 0.016, 0.029, and 0.040 ppm in the control, 5-mg and 10-mg groups, respectively. These fluoride supplements did not cause any clinical or laboratory abnormality in any subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Fluoride balances in pregnant and nonpregnant women.

In planning health protection for pregnant as well as nonpregnant women exposed to fluorides, information about their fluoride metabolism is essential. The authors determined fluoride balances in small groups of young women maintained on two different low-fluoride diets for one or two 21-day periods in a metabolic unit. One diet contained an average of 0.41 mg F/day, and the other contained an average of 0.27 mg F/day. Excretion of fluoride in pooled three-day collections for each subject was about 80% in the urine and 20% in the feces. Pregnant (last half of term) and nonpregnant women demonstrated small negative fluoride balances; the averages were about -0.32 mg F/day and -0.15 mg F/day, respectively. Similar values have been found for young males in other studies. Pregnancy in these subjects did not markedly alter normal fluoride metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Defense of HFI study.

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Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors↗
PubMed1980

Achievements of the seventies: community and school fluoridation.

Communal water fluoridation continues to be the cornerstone of an ideal caries prevention program. Its efficacy in reducing caries prevalence by about 50 to 60 percent was demonstrated throughout the seventies from Perth to Toronto. During the past decade, opponents of fluoridation have relentlessly attacked the safety of the procedure, but careful scientific analyses have not sustained their criticisms. The health and other scientific communities continue to endorse and recommend the practice of water fluoridation for improving dental health. During the seventies an additional 17 million Americans have benefitted from drinking fluoridated water, but this progress is too slow, particularly when compared with that of the fifties and sixties. Fluoridation campaigns in Seattle, Greater Boston, and California's Marin County and East Bay Municipal Utility district provide examples of successful tactics. An analysis of unsuccessful campaigns in Eugene, Los Angeles, and the State of Utah reveals mistakes which should not be repeated in future elections. For the eighties new approaches will be needed, particularly to reach the many smaller remaining communities. It is essential that the ADA and the USPHS maintain a stable office with sufficient staff and expertise on fluoridation. Training programs are needed to help prepare local community leaders and to assist them in obtaining fluoridation for their communities. Additional studies have documented the efficacy of school fluoridation programs for areas lacking a public water supply. Many school fluoridation programs were introduced during the seventies; nevertheless, they serve a very small number of children.

Attitude↗
PubMed1980

Microflora and chemical composition of dental plaque from subjects with hereditary fructose intolerance.

We compared the microbiological and chemical composition of dental plaque from subjects with hereditary fructose intolerance who restrict their dietary sugar intake with that of control subjects who do not. The two groups showed no significant differences in chemical composition of plaque: the mean protein, carbohydrate, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate contents were similar. Dental plaque from both groups contained similar numbers of total colony-forming units per microgram of plaque protein, and Streptococcus sanguis, an indigenous nonpathogen, was isolated with equal frequency from plaque samples of both groups. However, potentially odontopathic Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus were isolated three to four times more frequently from plaque samples of control subjects than from plaque samples of subjects with hereditary fructose intolerance. Clearly, diet (sucrose in particular) influences the colonization and multiplication of specific cariogenic organisms in dental plaque.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Comparison of dietary habits and dental health of subjects with hereditary fructose intolerance and control subjects.

Persons with HFI follow a lifelong, self-imposed, sucrose-restricted diet in which foods containing sucrose are consumed infrequently. Our subjects with HFI had a total sucrose intake that was approximately 5% that of control subjects and had a caries score (DMFS) that was less than 10% that of control subjects. No significant differences were found in the oral hygiene status (plaque or oral hygiene indexes) of the two groups. Foods containing starch, in the absence of sucrose, are not articularly inducive to caries. The daily intake of sucrose of the control group was less than expected. Consumption of sucrose is, therefore, less than estimates calculated by per capita sucrose disappearance. We consider that caries is initiated when the sucrose content of the diet and the frequency of ingestion exceed a low limit.

Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors↗