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Biomedical subjects

E N Gale

Publications and source records attributed to E N Gale.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Stress-induced muscular activity in mandibular dysfunction: effects of biofeedback training.

Surface electromyographic (EMG) recordings from the left and right masseteric areas during physical and psychological induced stress were obtained from 20 patients with mandibular dysfunction and 20 healthy controls. Integrated electromyographic activity was not significantly different for the two sides but was higher for patients than for controls during both stress and relaxation. Anxiety level, as measured with the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale, was higher for patients. Biofeedback treatment for the patients resulted in significantly reduced signs and symptoms of mandibular dysfunction. When the test procedures were repeated, the controls had not changed in their electromyographic responses during stress, whereas the patients showed a significant decrease in this respect. The results obtained are discussed in terms of a systems-oriented etiological concept.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

An evaluation of temporomandibular joint sounds.

The purpose of this study was to obtain authoritative opinion on the importance of joint noises. Experts in the areas of orthopedics, rheumatology, and arthritis were asked four questions to evaluate the importance of clicking and crepitus in joints other than the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The general response of these experts indicated that clicking in the absence of other symptoms is not important, clicking in the presence of other symptoms may be important, crepitus in the absence of other symptoms may be important, and crepitus in the presence of other symptoms is important. Caution is advised in treating clicking when it is the only sign.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1984

Clinical and electromyographic effects of biofeedback training in mandibular dysfunction.

Twenty patients with mandibular dysfunction, 10 acute and 10 chronic, were trained with electromyographic biofeedback from either m. masseter or m. frontalis area. The electromyographic activity in both muscle areas were recorded during six training sessions. The mean electromyographic activity decreased significantly within the sessions for both muscle areas, progressively more often for the m. masseter area. The activity did not decrease significantly between sessions for any muscle area. The clinical and subjective symptoms of mandibular dysfunction improved significantly after the training. No differences, electromyographically or clinically, among acute, chronic, m. masseter area, or m. frontalis area feedback patients could be observed. No correlation between decrease in electromyographic activity and symptoms could be established. Since a simplistic neuromuscular learning model for biofeedback training gains little support from these results, alternative views are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Factors associated with successful outcome from behavioral therapy for chronic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain.

A total of 42 chronic temporomandibular joint pain patients completed behavioral therapy for their pain. The role of clinical, sociodemographic, and psychosocial factors was examined in relation to treatment outcome (immediately following treatment and at 2-yr follow-up). Psychosocial factors were better predictors of treatment outcome than clinical and demographic factors. Patients who had the most successful outcomes (both short- and long-term) were more motivated and less depressed than other patients and were internal with respect to their health locus of control.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1984

Effects of biofeedback training on tonic masticatory neck reflex: a case report.

Biofeedback training to reduce muscle tension lowered not only the spontaneous activity but also the tonic neck reflex in the jaw closing muscles. Tolperisone-HCl, which may inhibit the gamma system, inhibited the tonic masticatory neck reflex, but did not reduce the patient's spontaneous activity of the jaw closing muscles in this case. Biofeedback training may be considered to reduce the gamma as well as alpha motor systems.

Biofeedback, Psychology↗
PubMed1984

Electromyographic activity of anterior temporal area pain patients and non-pain subjects.

Anterior temporal area and non-specific facial muscle activity were recorded from 11 patients with unilateral anterior temporal area muscle pain and from 11 matched asymptomatic individuals at various mandibular openings. No significant differences were observed (1) in temporal area EMG activity between pain and non-pain sides and (2) between temporal area and non-specific facial muscle EMG activity between patient and non-patient groups. In relation to increased vertical mandibular opening from centric occlusion: (a) anterior temporal area EMG activity decreased to a minimum level (with further opening, anterior temporal area EMG did not significantly change); and (b) non-specific facial muscle EMG activity decreased to a minimum level (with further opening, non-specific facial muscle EMG increased).

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effects of dentists' behavior on patients' attitudes.

A group of 16 patients received Class II restorations at two different sessions. During one session a dentist interacted positively with the patient. During another session, the dentist had little interaction with the patients. Patients' ratings indicated that both dentists were perceived as equally competent but that the dentist who interacted with the patients was rated significantly better. It is possible that dentists will gain more satisfaction from their patients as they increase their interaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Cutaneous sensory thresholds from skin overlying masseter and forearm in MPD patients and controls.

Cutaneous sensory thresholds from skin overlying both masseters and right ventral forearm were measured in a group of 12 MPD patients and an appropriately matched group of non-patients. No significant differences were found between the two groups, nor were there significant differences between symptomatic and contralateral asymptomatic sites in the patients. There does not appear to be evidence for differences in sensory characteristics in the cutaneous afferent pathway of MPD patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

A prevalence study of the clinical signs associated with mandibular dysfunction.

A prevalence study was made of the most common clinical signs of mandibular dysfunction in a sample population of 1,000 patients in a general dental practice. Palpable joint irregularities (joint sounds) were found in about a third of the sample. All other frequencies were relatively low. Females had consistently higher frequencies than males, although the differences were generally not significant. A methodology that was quantified for the first time in relation to muscle palpation was used. Results of this study would indicate that the prevalence of the major clinical signs of mandibular dysfunction in the population expected to be seen in a general dental practice is not high and, furthermore, that their occurrence in the absence of pain does not necessarily indicate a need for treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Fracture at the margins of amalgam as predicted by creep, zinc content, and gamma-2 content.

Fracture at the margins of amalgams as predicted by an equation suggested by Mahler using creep, zinc content, and gamma-2 content was tested on the three-year clinical results of 12 alloys. The results tend to agree with Mahler's results when gamma-2 and non-gamma-2 alloys are used in the same equation. This appears, however, to be an effect of combining two distinctly different types of alloys. It is suggested that, when non-gamma-2, low creep alloys are evaluated, the equation suggested by Mahler would be inappropriate. In addition, for non-gamma-2 alloys, the prediction using creep values does not appear to be appropriate.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1981

The variability of EMG silent periods in TMJ patients.

The variability of the EMG silent period in jaw closing muscles of TMJ dysfunction patients was examined. Considerable within-subject variability was found in the duration of the silent period. This variability increased with symptom severity. The authors recommend that multiple measurements be averaged to obtain a more accurate estimate of the silent period duration.

Electromyography↗
PubMed1981

Failure at the margin of amalgams as affected by cavity width, tooth position, and alloy selection.

The effects of alloy, cavity width, and tooth position on failure rate at the margins of 429 two-year-old Class II amalgams were analyzed. Interpretation of the results from a factorial design indicated that: (1) There were significant differences among alloys; (2) conservative preparations exhibit less breakdown than wider preparations; and (3) there was less failure in lower premolars than in other posterior teeth.

Dental Alloys↗