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Biomedical subjects

E Morris

Publications and source records attributed to E Morris.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Long-term consumption of beef extended with soy protein by men, women and children: I. Study design, nutrient intakes, and serum zinc levels.

The effect of long-term consumption, under practical conditions, of beef extended with soy protein on serum zinc levels of men, women and children was studied. Fifty-two families were randomly assigned to consume for 180 days 1 of 7 beef products: all beef, beef extended with either soy isolate, soy concentrate or soy flour (20% reconstituted soy product, 80% beef), or beef extended with each of the 3 soy products fortified with 60 mg Fe and 25 mg Zn/100 g protein. The beef product was consumed by the subjects as their principal source of protein for 1 meal a day (children 1-8 yrs) or 1-2 meals a day (11 per week) for adult men and women. A control group consumed their usual self-selected diet. Diet records (4-day) of all foods and beverages consumed by the subjects were obtained pre-study and 63 +/- 7 and 126 +/- 7 days for calculation of nutrient intakes. No deleterious effects were found on the serum zinc levels when subjects consumed beef extended with soy protein for 180 days.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Long-term consumption of beef extended with soy protein by men, women and children: II. Effects on iron status.

The iron status of men, women and children consuming beef extended with soy protein was evaluated by measuring serum ferritin and clinical parameters of iron status during a six-month study. Fifty-two families (245 participants) were randomly assigned to consume, for 180 days, 1 of 7 beef products: all beef, beef extended with either soy isolate, soy concentrate or soy flour (20% reconstituted soy product, 80% beef), or beef extended with each of the three soy products fortified with 60 mg Fe and 25 mg Zn/100 g protein. The beef product was consumed by the subjects as their principal source of protein for 1 meal a day (children 1-18 yr) or 1-2 meals a day (11 per week; adult men and women). A control group consumed their usual self-selected diets. No evidence was found that consumption of beef extended with soy protein deleteriously affected the iron status of men, women or children. Consumption of beef extended with soy protein, at the levels used in this study, by military men and women and by school lunch participants would not appear to impose a risk in these population groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Correction of a developmental defect in neutrophil activation and movement.

In order to more fully understand the mechanisms involved in the developmental defect in polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) movement in human neonates, the authors have examined several events in the activation response sequence. Chemotactic factor receptor numbers have been found to be normal on the PMNs of neonates, but chemotactic factor-induced changes in membrane potential and cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentrations were markedly decreased to absent in the neonatal cells. Because the neonatal PMN lacks the ability to deform normally, we examined the effects of a methylxanthine derivative, pentoxifylline, on the responses of neonatal cells. This agent has been reported to increase cell deformability and improve cell movement. Pentoxifylline had an effect in improving chemotactic function in the PMNs of neonates, while correcting the abnormality in membrane potential. In addition, this agent was found to enhance the movement of cell surface concanavalin A receptors after colchicine treatment. These results suggest that this developmental defect in cell activation and movement may be an abnormality that can be corrected pharmacologically.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1984

Circadian growth hormone and prolactin blood concentration during a self-limited viral infection and artificial hyperthermia in man.

Growth hormone and prolactin blood concentrations were measured in five human volunteers over 28-hour periods including 24 hourly samples (0800 to 0800 hours) followed by an oral glucose tolerance test (0800 to 1100 hours) both preexposure and during the peak febrile phase of a self-limited viral infection, Sandfly fever. Several months after recovery, three of the subjects were studied for 24-hour periods while they sat in a tub of water at 41 degrees C for 2 hours from 1300 to 1500 hours. During all studies, mealtimes (0800 hours, 1130 hours, 1630 hours) and dark phase (2300 to 700 hours) were fixed. Growth-hormone concentrations were strikingly elevated throughout the 24-hour study done during the febrile period of Sandfly fever infection (P less than .01) except for the period of normal nocturnal release when they were not significantly different from the baseline study. No additional nocturnal surge was noted the already elevated growth-hormone values during the viral-induced fever. Growth-hormone values tended to decline slowly during the night but increased considerably during the glucose-tolerance test the following morning. These changes were similar to responses previously reported in patients with cases of malnutrition. A clear-cut increase in growth-hormone concentrations (P less than .001) was also seen during a brief 2-hour period of artificial hyperthermia, suggesting that elevated body temperature alone may explain part of the increase in growth-hormone values seen during the fever of infection. A nocturnal surge of growth hormone was still seen in the artificial hyperthermia study, albeit somewhat delayed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Approach to risk assessment for genotoxic carcinogens based on data from the mouse skin initiation-promotion model.

Tumor induction data in the mouse skin initiation-promotion system were found to be consistent with a quadratic function where the coefficient of the linear term depended on the dose of the promoter. The model implies that the existence of promoters may be more important at low doses of the carcinogen than at high doses where most testing is performed. Experiments are described showing that the initiating effect of carcinogenic chemicals, such as benzo(a)pyrene, 7,12-dimethyl-benz(a)anthracene, nitroquinoline oxide and beta-propiolactone, accumulates in a linear, irreversible manner at low doses. Even when 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene was applied intragastrically to pregnant females, initiating activity was found in the skins of exposed offspring about in proportion to dose applied and number of cells at risk. The initiated cells essentially represent a potential for cancer that has a high probability for expression in the presence of a promoter. Risk then can be interpreted in terms of the accumulated dose of initiator which alone presents a small risk of cancer. However, a promoter may substantially expand the overall risk, possibly by clonally expanding the initiated cells. Promotion needs to be sustained since there is a reduction of cancer risk if promotion is ended early. Some tissues, such as mouse bladder, may be intrinsically promoted more than others so that comparisons between tissues and between species are best made when the combination of intrinsic promotion and response to extrinsic promotion are comparable.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Assessment of colorectal cancer risk in patients with ulcerative colitis: experience from a private practice.

The cumulative risk of developing colon cancer in patients with ulcerative colitis has been stated to increase 10%-20% for every decade of duration of disease after 10 yr. We reviewed the clinical course of 673 patients with inflammatory bowel disease restricted to the colon who were seen by the authors since 1955. A subset of 258 patients with a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis established before 1970 and followed by the authors was studied by both the classical life table and a generalized approach to estimate the risk of colorectal carcinoma. Only nine instances of colorectal carcinoma occurred. Using the former method and eliminating 3 patients referred with known colorectal carcinoma, the actuarial risk for developing this complication for all patients, regardless of extent of disease, was computed to be only 6.6% at 26 yr and 11.4% at 32 yr following the onset of ulcerative colitis. The cumulative probability of colorectal carcinoma among patients with universal colitis at 26 yr was 19.7% by the generalized method and 11.6% using the standard life table. The generalized approach consistently gave higher risk estimates due to a smaller number of patients in the denominator of the risk calculation. Using an alternative method, we calculated cancer risk from the date first seen for patients with universal extent and a history of greater than or equal to 10 yr of disease (means = 17.4 yr). The magnitude of the resulting colorectal carcinoma risk was even less than previously reported in hospitalized patients. This method is more suited for colorectal carcinoma risk assessment of a large series of ulcerative colitis patients seen in private practice and the results should modify the fear of cancer development in these patients.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1981

The construction of the red cell cytoskeleton.

The state of actin in the erythrocyte membrane cytoskeleton has been examined. The presence of ADP, rather than ATP, as the predominant nucleotide species reinforces the view that actin occurs in the polymerized form. Redeterminations of the amounts of the three cytoskeletal proteins, spectrin, actin and 4.1, present in the cell allow evaluation of some of the stoichiometric constraints on the construction of the cytoskeleton. The available evidence is compatible with a network consisting of spectrin tetramers as the structural members, attached at both ends to junctions consisting of 4.1 and short filaments (or 'protofilaments') of actin. Electron micrographs of isolated cytoskeletons support such a picture. The dynamic state of the actin has been studied, using the DNAase assay method. The results indicate that whereas native monomeric actin is present in the cell, only a small proportion of the subunits of the protofilament can enter into an equilibrium with this pool. A considerable proportion of the cytoskeletal actin is not liberated under conditions that dissociate F-actin and is evidently tightly associated with spectrin and 4.1. Attention is drawn to the possible consequences of ATP depletion on the state of the actin and thus of the cytoskeleton.

Actins↗
PubMed1980

A comparison between upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy and barium meal examination in private practice.

In a series of approximately 1 300 oesophagogastroduodenoscopies performed between June 1972 and October 1978 there were 107 cases in which the upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy and barium meal had been performed within 14 days of one another (72% of these were performed within 7 days and 51,4% within 5 days). Comparison of the findings at endoscopy and barium meal examination in these 107 cases showed that endoscopy was diagnostically far superior. It was noted that, of 28 cases of oesophageal, gastric, duodenal and anastmotic ulcer and 12 cases of gastric and duodenal erosion diagnosed at endoscopy, only 14 ulcers and none of the erosions had been reported after barium examination. In addition, a large number of false-positive findings of gastric and duodenal ulcer had been reported after radiological examination.

Barium↗