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Biomedical subjects

E Moreno

Publications and source records attributed to E Moreno.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Combined treatment of gaseous gangrene with hyperbaric oxygen therapy, surgery and antibiotics. A national cooperative multicenter study].

85 confirmed gas gangrene cases from general hospitals where hyperbaric oxygen chambers with single or multiple places are available were reviewed. The diagnosis was made on the basic of muscle necrosis with the characteristic color and odor of the wound, and suggestive clinical and bacteriological findings. The treatment consisted on surgical excision, multiple antibiotic therapy, and hyperbaric oxygen at 3 absolute atmospheres. There was a male predominance (76.5%); 49.4% of them had previous risk factors; the origin of the disease was spontaneous in 18.8% of cases, after trauma in 37.6%, and after surgery in 43.5%. The surgery had been orthopedic in 18.8%, vascular in 16.5% and other in 1.2%. The lesion was in the lower limbs in 71.8%, with abdominal origin of propagation in 18.8% and perineal propagation in 8.2%. 44.7% of patients had shock on admission. The outcome was good in 50.6% of patients, who had a full recovery, and fair in 16.5%, who had minor sequelae or small re-amputations; this amounts to 67.1% of satisfactory evolutions. Outcome was poor in 20% in whom amputation or other major surgical procedures were required (p less than 0.05). Overall mortality rate was 20%, although only in 12.9% death directly related with gas gangrene. Mortality was significantly higher in women, in abdominal localization, and in patients with shock. It was 37.5% in spontaneous and 29.7% in postsurgical cases. There was no death in traumatic cases (p less than 0.005). Death directly related with the disease occurred in the first three days and nonrelated death after two weeks. More severe cases could be cared for in hospitals where multiple place hyperbaric oxygen chambers were available than in those with single place chambers, with a definite outcome towards cure or death with less intermediate situations. The relevant literature is reviewed. It is concluded that this combined therapeutic schedule has the best efficacy to treat gas gangrene, particularly in the more severe forms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Brucella abortus 16S rRNA and lipid A reveal a phylogenetic relationship with members of the alpha-2 subdivision of the class Proteobacteria.

On the basis of ribosomal 16S sequence comparison, Brucella abortus has been found to be a member of the alpha-2 subdivision of the class Proteobacteria (formerly named purple photosynthetic bacteria and their nonphototrophic relatives). Within the alpha-2 subgroup, brucellae are specifically related to rickettsiae, agrobacteria, and rhizobiae, organisms that also have the faculty or the obligation of living in close association to eucaryotic cells. The composition of Brucella lipid A suggests a close phylogenetical relationship with members of the alpha-2 group. The chemical analysis of the lipid A fraction revealed that Brucella species contain both glucosamine and diaminoglucose, thus suggesting the presence of a so-called mixed lipid A type. The serological analysis with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies is in agreement with the existence of mixed lipid A type in B. abortus. The amide-linked fatty acid present as acyl-oxyacyl residues were 3-O-C(16:0)12:0, 3-O-C(16:0)13:0, 3-O-C(16:0)14:0, and 3-O-C(18:0)14:0. The only amide-linked unsubstituted fatty acid detected was 3-OH-C16:0. The ester-linked fatty acids are 3-OH-C16:0, 3-OH-C18:0, C16:0, C17:0, and C18:0. Significant amounts of the large-chain 27-OH-C28:0 were detected together with traces of 25-OH-C26:0 and 29-OH-C30:0. Comparison of the Brucella lipid composition with that of the other Proteobacteria also suggests a close phylogenetical relationship with members of the alpha-2 subdivision. The genealogical grouping of Brucella species with pericellular and intracellular plant and animal pathogens as well as with intracellular plant symbionts suggests a possible evolution of Brucella species from plant-arthropod-associated bacteria.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1990

Study of delayed neurotoxicity caused by fatty acid anilides in hens.

We have observed that the oral administration of a single dose of a mixture of oleyl and linoleylanilides (80 mg/kg) in adult hens determines the apparition of delayed muscular neuropathy, which we have compared to that induced by metamidophos as a model of organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN). We have compared the modifications produced by each of the 2 treatments on the enzymatic activity of neuropathy target esterase (NTE) measured in nervous tissue homogenates of brain, medulla and sciatic nerve. In addition we determined total esterases (TE), acetylcholine esterase (AchE) and serum creatine phosphate kinase (CPK). The organophosphate compound (OP) induced an initial reduction in the activity of NTE, TE and AchE which was reestablished 48 h later, except for brain TE which increased slowly during the latency period. This behaviour was accompanied by a permanent increase in the activity of serum CPK. Anilides induced a strong activation of AchE, NTE and TE (except brain TE) in the first 24-36 h. Normal levels were relatively quickly reestablished in brain (by 48 h) and slowly in medulla and sciatic nerve. But the AchE activity remained high throughout the whole period of latency. This activity level coincided with the AchE level observed at the onset of signs in animals dosed with OPs. CPK was also increased in sciatic nerve at 15 d but was depressed in serum throughout the whole latency period. Substances with chemical characteristics very different from OPs can induce a delayed neuropathy with modification of the activity of NTE.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1990

In vitro modifications of rat NTE and other esterases by chemicals which induce delayed neurotoxicity in vivo.

A rat in vitro model has been developed which permits direct study of the biochemical mechanisms involved in delayed neurotoxicity induced by any chemical compound, not only organophosphates. Using rat brain homogenate, a parallel study on the activity of neurotoxic esterase (NTE) and total esterases (TE) compared the action of metamidophos, which is known to induce delayed neurotoxicity, and the synthetic fatty acid anilides, oleylanilide and linoleylanilide. Inhibition in the activity of NTE and TE, unrelated to the concentration and the incubation time assayed, was caused by metamidophos, while the anilides showed a 2-phase concentration-time dependent behaviour. This confirmed the results we previously obtained in vivo. In both cases the appearance of delayed neuropathy was related to modification of NTE activity. We concluded that phosphorylation of the enzyme may not be the only biochemical requirement for the development of delayed neurotoxicity syndromes in which modification of NTE is produced.

Anilides↗
PubMed1989

Hepatic artery anastomotic stenosis after transplantation: treatment with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.

Two orthotopic liver transplant recipients underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for stricture of the hepatic arterial anastomosis. In both, arterial revascularization was effected by end-to-end anastomosis between the donor common hepatic artery and the recipient's hepatic artery. Both patients had elevated liver enzyme levels, abnormal results on duplex Doppler images, and severe stricture on angiograms. In one patient, percutaneous biopsy revealed graft ischemia. PTA was performed successfully without complications. PTA produced substantial improvement in biochemical, duplex Doppler, histologic, and angiographic patterns. Both patients were asymptomatic 5 and 6 months after PTA.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Systemic lupus erythematosus and pregnancy. Clinical experience in 57 patients].

We reviewed the obstetric history of 57 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The number and outcome of pregnancies before and after the diagnosis of SLE was recorded. The clinical course of 21 patients who became pregnant during the observation period was noted. Before the diagnosis of SLE, 158 pregnancies resulted in a 20% rate of fetal loss (abortion, pre and neonatal death). This was lower than a 35% rate of fetal loss during pregnancies developed after the diagnosis of SLE. Both rates are significantly higher than the 10% which is considered normal for our reference population (p less than 0.001). A higher rate of fetal loss was observed in active SLE (37%) compared to inactive SLE (19%) and in the presence of SLE nephropathy (34%) than in its absence (17%), (p less than 0,01). A flourishing of SLE was observed in 50% of pregnancies, especially during the first trimester (59%) and after delivery (35%). We conclude that pregnancy occurs frequently in patients with SLE. The fetal risk is high although the clinical course of the disease is usually benign. Results in both terms are unfavourably influenced by the activity of SLE and the presence of nephropathy.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1989

High-dose intra-arterial urokinase for the treatment of hepatic artery thrombosis in liver transplantation.

Two recipients of orthotopic liver transplants (OLT) underwent intra-arterial thrombolytic treatment for hepatic artery thrombosis. Complete clot lysis was achieved in both using infusion of high-dose urokinase directly into the thrombus for 12 and 3 hours, respectively. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was later carried out successfully on various strictures. Doppler ultrasonography confirmed arterial permeability one month after treatment. Liver transplantation is now an accepted therapeutic option in some patients with irreversible liver failure. Although the results of this procedure have improved radically since cyclosporine was introduced in 1978, life-threatening postoperative complications still occur. The one with the worst prognosis is hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT), with 64% mortality despite retransplantation. HAT was found in 7.4% of liver transplant recipients in a recent review of the most important group of these patients. Fibrinolytic treatment using an exogenous plasminogen activator, urokinase (UK), is effective and safe in the thrombotic obstruction of acute pulmonary embolism, acute myocardial infarction, and graft or peripheral arterial occlusion. We used intra-arterial thrombolysis in two patients with HAT of the liver graft, to avoid retransplantation and to treat a complication secondary to percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of an anastomotic stricture, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report of treatment of HAT by direct infusion of urokinase in liver transplantation.

Child↗
PubMed1988

A sensitive blotting system for detection of alpha-fetoprotein variants with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies.

Human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) variants from cord sera were separated by isoelectric focusing in agarose gels under native conditions, transferred to nitrocellulose paper and detected with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (Moabs). Rabbit anti-AFP recognized up to 9 individual electrophoretic variants in the range of pH 4.5 to pH 5.2. The reactivity of 8 Moabs ranged from weak to strong and showed variability in the pattern of AFP bands recognized. Moabs were separated into 3 groups according to the number of bands detected: group 1 detected 6 to 7 bands; group 2 recognized only one band; and group 3 recognized 4 bands. The sensitivity of the system with polyclonal antibodies was 0.15 ng of AFP in complete cord serum and varied between 300 and 0.2 ng with Moabs.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1988

A new method for the detection of phospholipase A2 variants: identification of isozymes in the venoms of newborn and adult Bothrops asper (terciopelo) snakes.

A new method for the identification of phospholipase A2 isozymes in snake venoms is described. The technique is based on the separation of the venom components by isoelectric focusing in agarose gels, transfer of the protein bands by diffusion onto nitrocellulose paper and detection of the phospholipolytic activity of the enzymes by a hemolytic assay either in agarose gels or by benzidine reaction on a solid matrix. Striking differences in the electrophoretic patterns of the phospholipase A2 isozymes between the Atlantic and Pacific venoms and between the newborn and adult venoms from Bothrops asper specimens were observed. The method allowed the detection of 9 different phospholipase A2 isozymes in the venom of adult Atlantic, 7 isozymes in the venom of adult Pacific, and 2-3 isozymes in the venoms of newborn specimens. Horse polyvalent antivenom varied in its capacity to neutralize the phospholipolytic activity of the different isozymes in the same venom and among different venoms.

Aging↗
PubMed1988

Body distribution of Bothrops asper (terciopelo) snake venom myotoxin and its relationship to pathological changes.

The distribution of 125I-labelled Bothrops asper myotoxin following i.m. and i.v. injections was studied in mice. After i.m. administration the toxin was concentrated in the injected gastrocnemius muscle, with relatively little binding to other tissues. Upon i.v. injection the highest radioactivity was detected in liver, kidneys, lungs, spleen and blood. A conspicuous decrease in myotoxin concentration occurred during the first hour, whereas the rate of decrease was reduced at later time periods. Only the injected skeletal muscle was clearly damaged after i.m. inoculation, as judged by histology and by the decrease in tissue creatine kinase contents. Contralateral, noninjected gastrocnemius was not affected by the toxin. Histological observations carried out after i.v. administration of the toxin revealed moderate alterations only in lungs, with a slight increase in serum levels of the enzymes creatine kinase and alanine aminotransferase.

Alanine Transaminase↗