Relative potencies of topical corticosteroid formulations.
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Administration, Topical↗
Biomedical subjects
E Meyer
Publications and source records attributed to E Meyer.
Macronuclear structure of the G surface antigen gene of Paramecium primaurelia and direct expression of its repeated epitopes in Escherichia coli.
The gene encoding the G surface antigen of Paramecium primaurelia was cloned from a macronuclear DNA library by a screening procedure involving differential hybridization with cDNA probes synthesized from polyadenylated RNAs of cells expressing one of two alternate antigens. S1 mapping experiments and sequencing of the cloned DNA and the mRNA showed that the cloned gene corresponded to the high-molecular-weight mRNA that had been indirectly identified as that of the G surface antigen. Because the genetic code of Paramecium spp. is different from the "universal" code, this mRNA cannot be correctly translated in vitro; direct proof that it encoded the antigenic determinants of this protein was therefore obtained through expression of fragments of the coding sequence in Escherichia coli by using the expression vector lambda gt11. Studies on the structure of this gene revealed that the central part of the coding sequence contained at least five tandem repeats of 222 base pairs, encoding immunogenic domains of the protein. We also showed that, like other surface antigen genes of trypanosomes and paramecia, this gene lay next to a chromosome end and that no rearrangement of its immediate genomic environment was associated with its expression.
Antigens, Protozoan↗
Light and electron microscopical study of the conjunctiva in sicca syndrome.
Conjunctival biopsies of 11 patients with sicca syndrome were studied under light and transmission electron microscopy. The notable findings were vasculitis of the conjunctival vessels. There were severe changes in the microvilli, namely a loss of microvilli and decrease in their height, measuring approximately 1,000-2,000 A, in comparison with microvilli of the control conjunctiva, measuring 4,000 A in height. There was no branching yet or fusion of microvilli.
Aged↗
Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea during treatment with bromocriptine for prolactinoma.
A 47-year-old man exhibited loss of libido and impotence in association with plasma hyperprolactinemia and a pituitary mass with downward extension of the tumor to the sphenoid sinus and to the suprasellar cisterns. Bromocriptine, 15 mg daily, reduced the hyperprolactinemia as well as tumor size. After 8 months on this therapy, the patient developed overt CSF liquorrhea. Five days after discontinuation of bromocriptine, the CSF rhinorrhea stopped, and when bromocriptine was given again 2 weeks later, CSF rhinorrhea returned within 3 days. We believe this phenomenon to be due to retraction of tumor by bromocriptine exposing a defect in the sella floor. Transient occurrence of CSF rhinorrhea can be considered as a consequence of tumor regression in patients on bromocriptine. The possibility of this complication, especially in patients with downward extension of tumor, should be noted.
Bromocriptine↗
Interpeak intervals of auditory brainstem response, interaural differences in normal-hearing subjects and patients with sensorineural hearing loss.
ABR recordings were made on 31 normal-hearing subjects and 253 patients with sensorineural hearing loss (86 patients with unilateral hearing loss, 61 patients with asymmetrical hearing loss, 34 patients with symmetrical hearing loss, 55 patients with noise-induced hearing loss and 17 patients in the late chronic stage of Menière's disease). In the patient group with unilateral hearing loss, the mean interpeak interval (IPI) I-V was significantly shorter than in normal-hearing subjects. The interaural IPI differences provide a sharp criterion for early detection of acoustic neuroma. The calculation of the 95%-limits (means + 1.96 SD) showed that in patients with normal hearing or with unilateral or symmetrical hearing loss an interaural difference in the IPII-V greater than 0.2 ms has to be considered as an indication of a neuroma or any other brainstem abnormality. In patients with asymmetrical or with noise-induced hearing loss, the limit is 0.3 ms. In contrast to the frequently recommended interaural wave V latency difference criterion, the interaural IPI difference criterion requires no correction for audiogram differences.
Brain Stem↗
[Cerebral blood flow, cerebral oxygen metabolism, cerebral glucose metabolism, and tissue pH in human acute cerebral infarction using positron emission tomography].
It is necessary for treatment and deciding prognosis to make clear about changes of cerebral blood flow and metabolism in acute cerebral infarction. This preliminary PET study was designed to investigate physiological and biochemical changes in acute cerebral infarction by positron emission tomography (PET). PET studies were performed in six patients with acute cerebral infarction within 48 hours after onset of stroke using continuous inhalation of C15O2 for cerebral blood flow (CBF), 15O2 for cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2), 11CO for cerebral blood volume, the intravenous injection of 11C-dimethyloxazolidinedione for tissue pH and the intravenous injection of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose for cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRGlu). Metabolic coupling index (MCI) image was made from CBF image and CMRGlu image to investigate relation between CBF and CMRGlu. Also oxygen glucose index (OGI) image was made from CMRO2 image and CMRGlu image to investigate relation between CMRO2 and CMRGlu. Preliminary results demonstrate that reduction of CBF, CMRO2, and CMRGlu in the affected cortex except for reperfusion case. Increase of OER was recognized four of six cases. Patterns of MCI and OGI in the cortex which CMRO2 value is less than 65 mumol/100 g/min were different from those in the cortex which CMRO2 value is more than 65. MCI of the affected cortex (CMRO2 less than 65) decreased relative to that of the cortex (CMRO2 greater than or equal to 65). OGI of the affected cortex (CMRO2 less than 65) significantly decreased in comparison with that of the cortex (CMRO2 greater than or equal to 65).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Aged↗
Positron emission tomography.
One of the most exciting new techniques introduced in the last ten years is positron emission tomography (PET). PET provides quantitative, three-dimensional images for the study of specific biochemical and physiological processes in the human body. This approach is analogous to quantitative in vivo autoradiography but has the added advantage of permitting non-invasive in vivo studies. PET scanning requires a small cyclotron to produce short-lived positron emitting isotopes such as oxygen-15, carbon-11, nitrogen-13 and fluorine-18. Proper radiochemical facilities and advanced computer equipment are also needed. Most important, PET requires a multidisciplinary scientific team of physicists, radiochemists, mathematicians, biochemists and physicians. This review analyses the most recent trends in imaging technology, radiochemistry, methodology, and clinical applications of positron emission tomography.
Adolescent↗
Blocking of in vitro translation of Paramecium messenger RNAs is due to messenger RNA primary structure.
Paramecium primaurelia mRNAs were translated in vitro in rabbit reticulocyte lysate and the products of translation were analyzed by their size. We show that the large majority of these products are of short but discrete sizes irrespective of the length of the mRNA which directs their synthesis. An illustrative example is given by the translation of mRNA of G surface antigen which directs the synthesis of a 50 kD polypeptide instead of the complete 250 kD protein. Control experiments suggest that the blocking is due to mRNA primary structure.
Animals↗
A method for measurement of arterial concentration of cerebral blood flow tracer for autoradiographic experiments.
A new method for continuous monitoring of the concentration of 131I-labelled iodoantipyrine during an autoradiographic local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) experiment is described. During infusion of iodoantipyrine, radioactivity in an external femoral arteriovenous loop is monitored by a scintillation detector. Data is collected with a variable time base, and the arterial activity curve displayed visually in its entirety. The main advantage of this method is that there is no blood loss. It will therefore be of particular importance in dual-label autoradiography. This method can also be used for other gamma-emitting blood flow tracers, e.g. 123I-iodoantipyrine.
Animals↗
Retinal function in high refractive error assessed electroretinographically.
The retinal function of patients with high refractive error was studied electroretinographically. Thirty-one hypermetropic patients, 7 myopic patients, and 7 patients with either unilateral or bilateral aphakia participated in the study. The ERG responses were measured in the light- and dark-adapted states. It was found that myopic eyes were characterised by subnormal amplitude but normal pattern, expressed by normal relationship between the b-wave amplitude and the a-wave amplitude. In aphakia the ERG responses were of normal amplitude and pattern. However, the hypermetropic patients could be divided into 3 groups. One group included subjects with a subnormal b-wave to a-wave relationship. The second group was characterised by a normal b- to a-wave relationship, while patients belonging to the third group exhibited supernormal b-wave to a-wave relationship. This classification of hypermetropic subjects did not correlate with the axial length of the eye or the refraction of the ocular media.
Adolescent↗
Primary and secondary overacting inferior oblique muscles: an ultrastructural study.
Biopsy material from primary and secondary overacting inferior oblique muscles were examined by light and electron microscopy. Most muscle fibres were in different stages of atrophy. A high variation of alterations was encountered in all muscles. The most striking abnormalities were huge accumulations of mitochondria and muscle vacuolisation related mainly to the enlargement of the tubules of sarcoplasmic reticulum. The mitochondrial aggregates and vacuolisation occupied more muscle surface in the inferior muscles of primary overaction than those of secondary overaction.
Adolescent↗
Pseudoexfoliation: epidemiology, clinical and scanning electron microscopic study.
The prevalence of pseudoexfoliation among patients of Sephardic origin was more than twice the expected when compared with the ethnic distribution of the population consulting the Rambam Medical Center eye clinic. A strong association between brown irises and pseudoexfoliation was noted. No uniform scanning electron microscope pattern was seen of the pseudoexfoliation.
Aged↗
Möbius syndrome. Electron microscopic study of the extraocular muscles.
The medial rectus, external rectus and inferior oblique muscles were examined by electron microscopy in Möbius syndrome. The electron microscopic findings of the medial rectus and inferior oblique were of degenerative and inflammatory nature, whereas the lateral rectus showed complete fibrosis. The fibrotic lateral rectus could explain the absence of abduction in Möbius syndrome.
Child↗
Necrosis of the eyelids and lacrimal apparatus in congenital agranulocytosis (Kostmann's syndrome).
An infant with congenital agranulocytosis (Kostmann's syndrome) presenting with necrosis of the eyelids and lacrimal apparatus is reported. Although the disease is rare, its presence should be considered in infants with severe localized pyogenic infections.
Agranulocytosis↗
The requirement for constant arterial radioactivity in the C15O2 steady-state blood-flow model.
This study evaluates the discrepancy between the true CBF value and the CBF value calculated according to the C15O2 steady-state model, for situations where the arterial input function, Ca(t), deviates considerably from its steady-state value, Ca. The fact that arterial input function and tissue O-15 concentration are not independent variables is taken into account. Inconstant or variable arterial input functions are simulated and the corresponding tissue O-15 concentrations calculated. The steady-state CBF values are evaluated for several temporal variations of Ca over the period of imaging, all derived from Ca(t) by simulation of various blood-sampling schemes, and are compared with the true CBF value. The study indicates that reliable CBF values are obtained by the C15O2 steady-state method even under severely impaired "unsteady-state" conditions, provided that either the true average arterial concentration over the entire scan, or the average concentration from multiple arterial samples, is used.
Arteries↗
Marginal melting of cornea in rheumatoid arthritis.
There was marginal melting of the cornea in a patient with inactive rheumatoid arthritis. Conjunctival biopsy revealed vasculitis which disappeared after treatment with topical steroids and systemic steroids and azathioprine. Conjunctival biopsy can serve as a diagnostic tool and for evaluation of treatment in marginal ulceration of cornea associated with rheumatoid disease.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
Capillaries of human overacting extraocular muscles.
The capillaries of overacting inferior oblique muscles from children with strabismus and of dog inferior oblique muscles were ultrastructurally described. Biopsy material was used in all instances. The mean diameter of the capillary lumen was 2.03 microns for the human inferior oblique and 2.76 microns for the dog inferior oblique. Quantitative estimates of capillary basement membrane width were obtained by two different methods of measurement. The capillaries of human and dog inferior oblique muscles were compared with capillaries of human gastrocnemius muscle and of dog quadriceps muscle. The data were statistically evaluated. It was found that the mean basement membrane width of capillaries of overacting inferior oblique muscles is quite similar to that of the dog normal inferior oblique muscles, showing 2,049 A in overacting muscles and 1,976 A in normal muscles. With both methods of measurement, the mean basement membrane width of inferior oblique muscles appeared thicker than the mean basement membrane of capillaries of the leg muscles in man and in dog as well. It is suggested that the thickening of the capillary basement membrane of inferior oblique muscles represents a regional characteristic. Marked variation in the thickness of the basement membrane was encountered in all muscles.
Adolescent↗
[Complications in the endodontic treatment of pulpless teeth with regard to the treatment of root canals].
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Dental Pulp Diseases↗