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Biomedical subjects

E Martin

Publications and source records attributed to E Martin.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Systemic candidiasis in heroin abusers. Cutaneous findings.

Systemic candidiasis in intravenous drug abusers (IVDA) is a new syndrome caused by Candida albicans and characterized by the sequential development of skin, eye, and osteoarticular lesions, which together form a typical clinical picture. We studied 30 patients with suggestive skin lesions: papules, nodules, and pustules in hair-bearing areas, particularly the scalp and beard area, associated with hair invasion by candidal hyphae. Ocular and osteoarticular involvement and presence of candidemia in some of the patients suggested blood-borne colonization of C. albicans. The infection has been related to "brown" heroin. The origin of C. albicans and the reasons for its exclusive localization in the skin and these organs are discussed. The characteristic clinical picture is widely different from that of classic disseminated candidiasis in immunodeficient patients. Therapy is also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Comparative efficacy of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and pefloxacin in experimental Salmonella typhimurium infection].

The efficacies of various antibiotics were compared in Salmonella typhimurium infection in mice. Treatment began 24 h after challenge. Antibiotics were given subcutaneously every 12 or 24 h in the following daily doses: 200 mg/kg for ampicillin, 100 mg/kg for chloramphenicol, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone, 50 mg/kg for pefloxacin. The number of bacteria in the spleens was determined after 3 and 7 days of treatment. In animals treated with ceftriaxone or pefloxacin the mean number of bacteria per spleen was from one to two log10 lower than in animals treated with other antibiotics. Similar results were obtained in genetically susceptible or resistant mice. The MIC being similar for cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and pefloxacin, the better in vivo activity of the two latter drugs appears to be related to their pharmacokinetic properties.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1987

[Polyps and glandular polyposis of the fundus. Study of 20 cases and review of the literature].

An histological and histochemical study has been performed in 20 cases of fundic gland polyps. In five cases, polyps were numerous and associated, in two cases, with a familial adenomatosis coli. The histological, histochemical characteristics and the study of semi-serial sections suggest that fundic gland polyp is a focal distension of the fundic tube without evidence of an hamartomatous neither a neoplastic origin. Because of a possible association with a familial colonic polyposis, an endoscopical investigation is usefull, specially in fundic gland polyposis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Prison medicine.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Health Services↗
PubMed1987

[Hyperplastic colorectal polyp: histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical study of 43 cases].

Forty-three solitary hyperplastic polyps removed from the colon or the rectum (HPC) were examined under light microscopy. A histochemical and immunohistochemical study was undertaken in order to evaluate semiquantitatively the nature and the distribution of epithelial mucins and the secretion of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Ten HPC had a peculiar morphologic pattern (four with regenerative dysplasia and six with adenomatous foci). CEA secretion was always increased (37 per cent of cases) or highly increased (63 per cent of cases) with respect to the normal colonic mucosa. The nature and distribution of the secreted acid mucins were modified: sulfomucin was equal (25 per cent of cases) or higher (75 per cent of cases) than that in normal rectal or sigmoid colonic mucosae; sialomucin was strongly decreased in 91 per cent of cases. Some of these functional changes (CEA) are also observed in neoplastic lesions. These findings are not in accord with the hypothesis that hyperplastic polyp is a simple hyperplasia of the mucosal epithelium and suggest a disorder in cellular differentiation, particularly for the larger polyps.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Expression of blood group antigens in 30 patients with transitional-cell carcinomas of the bladder].

From the follow up of 30 patients whose bladder tumours were repeatedly resected over a period ranging from several months to 18 years, we carried out a study of AGS Antigen expression using an A B O histokit. We were able to establish that this histokit is reliable and very easy to use. We also observed in the urothelial tumours a modification in AGS expression tending towards frequent loss. The AGS staining coincides with the grade of the tumour. Tumours totally stained are always of low grade. However, in this short group of patients, we were unable to draw any interesting correlation between the immunological profile and the clinical course of the transitional bladder carcinomas. In the case of patients with superficial tumours whose histological aspect and clinical course are comparable, the immunological aspect differs. It must be emphasised that in subsequent studies necessary to establish the prognosis of bladder tumours the A B O histokit is easy to use in conjunction with the histological study.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1987

Consulting patterns: comparison between doctors' perceptions and patients' behaviour.

Changes in the structure of a practice and the gender of the partners were accompanied by the abandonment of a personal list system. Doctors' opinions about the consulting behaviour of patients in the practice were determined by questionnaire. The notes of 100 patients registered with each of the six partners were examined to determine the nature and number of consultations with each doctor for the years 1980 and 1984. Doctors were found to be unaware of the reasons for which patients consulted different partners. In addition, doctors' opinions about how patients should consult did not correlate with patients' consulting behaviour. It was also found that women consulted the female partners in the practice more commonly than the male partners only after the number of women partners in the practice had increased from one to two.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1986

Laboratory studies of the 1984 influenza epidemic on the Witwatersrand.

A particularly severe outbreak of influenza occurred on the Witwatersrand from May to August 1984, caused sequentially by influenza A (H3N2), B/influenza and influenza A (H1N1) viruses. Although the precise extent of the infection was impossible to determine, valuable anecdotal information was provided by a network of sentinel sampling stations in private practices, clinics and hospitals, representing a cross-section of population groups on the Witwatersrand. This active surveillance programme was invaluable in providing some 85% of all the specimens, the remainder being routine clinical specimens; in addition, isolation was approximately twice as efficient for the actively acquired specimens than for the routine ones. The epidemic affected all individuals approximately equally, regardless of age, race or socio-economic status. Infection with H1N1 virus tended to predominate in the younger age group, 78% of isolates being from subjects under 30 years of age, whereas 71% of H3N2 isolates came from subjects over 30 years of age. The B/influenza isolates tended to be more evenly dispersed. Novel strains of B/influenza and H1N1 viruses were introduced into the country and possibly contributed to the greater than usual severity of the epidemic. An active surveillance programme is essential to monitor the extent of influenza virus activity and to alert virologists to the introduction of new strains, although at present forecasting of future influenza epidemics is not possible with any significant degree of reliability.

Black or African American↗