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Biomedical subjects

E Mallet

Publications and source records attributed to E Mallet.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Dominantly inherited ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

We report on siblings from two families with unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction. HLA studies were undertaken and found to be a useful marker between affected members. We believe that incomplete penetrance with variable expression is the most probable mode of transmission of this disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Value of echography in the diagnosis of hematomas of the digestive tract wall in rheumatoid purpura].

Three cases of Henoch-Schönlein purpura with intramural hematoma of the duodenum, jejunum or colon are reported. In the first 2 cases, there was complete agreement between the X-ray and ultrasonographic data: multiple thumb print defects and irregular narrowing of the digestive lumen, and thickening of the intestinal wall, respectively. Ultrasonography was the only investigation performed in the third case. Finally, in 2 of 3 cases an exudative enteropathy of unclear mechanism was discovered.

Child↗
PubMed1985

[Factors of meningeal diffusion of amoxicillin and ampicillin at the acute phase of purulent meningitis in children].

Amoxicillin and ampicillin levels were comparatively studied in blood and CSF of children with purulent meningitis. Thirty one children aged 2 months to 11 years were treated by one of two beta lactams by monotherapy in a daily dose of 200 mg/kg (Group 1: amoxicillin, n = 17; group 2: ampicillin, n = 14). Samples were collected on day 2 one hour after administration of 50 mg/kg IV of the chosen antibiotic. The mean levels observed in serum (69.5 and 53.4 micrograms/ml) and in CSF (7.74 and 7.96) were not significantly different. Beyond these levels we studied different biologic parameters in CSF: leucocytes, polymorphonuclears, protein, glucose and lactic acid. Multiple linear correlations were found, for the two groups and for the whole population between the CSF antibiotic level and the 6 other parameters (group 1: R1 = 0.82; group 2: R2 = 0.88; group 1 + 2: R3 = 0.78). The best correlated parameters with antibiotic CSF level are serum antibiotic level and CSF lactic acid. With these two parameters we can also estimate antibiotic level in CSF with good correlations (R1 = 0.78; R2 = 0.72 and R3 = 0.72).

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1984

Pharmacokinetics and clinical evaluation of cefotaxime in children suffering with purulent meningitis.

Seventy-five children with bacterial meningitis were included in a multicentre trial for evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of cefotaxime. Mean age of patients was 4 years. Causative pathogens were Haemophilus influenzae in 28 patients (37%), Neisseria meningitidis in 27 patients (36%), Streptococcus pneumoniae in 10 patients (13%), group B streptococcus in 2 patients (2%) and unknown in 8 patients. All isolated pathogens were susceptible to cefotaxime. Seven ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae (9.4%) were found. Cefotaxime was 50 mg/kg intravenously, 4 times daily. The duration of treatment ranged from 5 to 22 days (mean: 13.8). Blood and CSF concentrations of cefotaxime were performed in 50 patients 3 h after infusion at day one and seven cefotaxime levels were determinated both by microbiological assay procedure and high pressure liquid chromatography. On day 1, CSF levels ranged from 0.39 to 2.0 mg/l by microbiological assay procedure (median 3.6) and from 0.0 to 17.4 mg/l (median 2.2) for cefotaxime and from 0.0 to 11.5 mg/l (median 2.2) for desacetyl-cefotaxime by HPLC. We observed a decrease in CSF levels of cefotaxime on day 7. They ranged from 0.3 to 7.0 mg/l (median 1.1) by microbiological assay and from 0.0 to 3.3 mg/l (median 0.8) for cefotaxime and from 0.0 to 6.0 mg/l (median 1.0) for desacetyl-cefotaxime by HPLC. On day 1 and day 7, CSF levels determined by microbiological assay and HPLC were correlated as follows: day 1:r = 0.59 (P less than 0.001). All children (100%) were cured and efficacy of cefotaxime was excellent in 72 cases (96%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Caffey's disease in a mother and her 2 children].

This case of familial infantile cortical hyperostosis is reported because of 2 special features: abnormal x-rays were available in the mother and one son; the mother presented with late manifestations. Literature data show the fairly high incidence of familial cases of Caffey disease; however, both particular features reported here were rarely mentioned.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Circulating calcitonin in fulminating purpura in children].

Hypocalcaemia may complicate the treatment of fulminating meningococcaemia in children. In an attempt to elucidate the pathophysiology of the hypocalcaemia, we have measured accompanying changes in blood levels of calcitonin (BW-336-6 antiserum) and parathyroid hormone (C-terminal antiserum IRE). Ten children aged 1-11 years with fulminating meningococcaemia are studied. The high PTH levels may be a response to the hypocalcaemia, but the hypercalcitoninaemia seems inappropriate. Provided the immunoreactivity of the calcitonin detected corresponds to calcitonin 1-32, the origin of this hypercalcitoninaemia remains to be explained.

Calcitonin↗
PubMed1984

[Esophageal pH-metry and gastroesophageal reflux in infants and children].

Twenty five infants, all under 3-year-old, 16 with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux and 9 controls, were studied by continuous pH esophageal monitoring during 18 to 24 h. The diagnostic value of several pH parameters was calculated in reference to the upper limits of normal ranges previously determined in other studies performed in similarly aged children. Sensitivity and specificity of these parameters were respectively 69 and 89 p. 100 for the time elapsed below pH 4, 44 and 100 p. 100 for the number of reflux episodes per hour, 56 and 89 p. 100 for the duration of the longest episode of reflux, and 31 and 100 p. 100 for the number of reflux episodes lasting more than 5 min. These results confirm that a percentage Of reflux time (less than pH 4) longer than 5.2 p. 100 of the total duration of pH recording has the best discriminative value. However in clinical practice 2 or 3 h postprandial pH recording have a good diagnostic value when the results are expressed using a reflux score, as in adult patients. In further studies concerning gastroesophageal reflux in infants, it is concluded that diagnostic criteria must include evidence of reflux using a discriminant pH parameter.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1983

[Intolerance to cow's milk. Study of specific immunoglobulin E].

IgE's specifically directed against alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin and casein were evaluated in the sera of 164 children aged between 8 days and 3 years, suspected of intolerance to cow's milk. In addition to these three RAST's for single allergens, a "total cow's milk proteins" RAST was performed. Intolerance was detected in 107 out of 180 sera tested, with at least one of the RAST's being positive. The two specific allergens most frequently involved were alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin. However, these proved curiously less sensitive than the "total allergen", which makes the use of these tests of little interest as a rule. A highly significant positive correlation was found between total IgE's and positivity of the four RAST's.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Circulating vitamin D metabolite concentrations in children with nutritional rickets.

Serum calcidiol, calcitriol, and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations were measured in 20 children with vitamin D-deficiency rickets. Vitamin D metabolite concentrations were measured in 17 of 20 patients before treatment and in 14 of 20 patients after vitamin D administration. Conclusions are as follows. (1) Before treatment, serum calcidiol seems to be the best criterion of D deficiency, as it was low (less than 8 ng/ml) in 15 of 17 studied children, whereas calcitriol and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations ranged from undetectable to high values (350 pg/ml and 5.9 ng/ml, respectively). (2) Low calcidiol concentrations may occur despite recent vitamin D intake: low serum values were found in children given vitamin D2 up to two months after the onset of therapy (50 micrograms/day). (3) Elevated calcitriol serum concentrations were observed in all children after initiation of vitamin D therapy; these high concentrations persisted for four weeks or more, even after normalization of serum calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone values. (4) Healing of biochemical abnormalities can occur even in children with low circulating concentrations of calcidiol and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2↗