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Biomedical subjects

E M Meares

Publications and source records attributed to E M Meares.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Current patterns in nosocomial urinary tract infections.

Nosocomial infections develop in about 5 percent of patients admitted to acute care hospitals in the United States. The genitourinary tract is the primary site of infection in about 40 percent of cases, and urinary tract instrumentation and catheterization are implicated in about 80 percent of genitourinary tract nosocomial infections. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections are a frequent source of serious patient morbidity, urosepsis, and even death. The pathogenesis, risk factors, consequences, and preventive measures concerning nosocomial urinary tract infections are reviewed, and specific guidelines for catheter management are offered.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1991

Prostatitis.

Several distinct types of prostatitis, or prostatitis syndromes, are now recognized. The most common forms include acute and chronic bacterial prostatitis, nonbacterial prostatitis, and prostatodynia. Bacterial prostatitis, caused mainly by coliform bacteria, Pseudomonas, and Enterococcus faecalis, is often difficult to cure and usually requires extended therapy (4-16 weeks) with an appropriate antimicrobial agent that achieves therapeutic levels in the prostatic secretory system. About 90% of men with prostatitis have nonbacterial prostatitis or prostatodynia. Nonbacterial prostatitis is an inflammation of the prostate of unknown cause. Patients with prostatodynia typically have sterile cultures and normal prostatic secretions but demonstrate an acquired voiding dysfunction on videourodynamic testing. Because nonbacterial types of prostatitis have no recognized infectious cause, treatment using antimicrobial agents is ineffective and unwarranted.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Spurious azotemia associated with 5-fluorocytosine therapy.

A patient with false elevation of serum creatinine level due to 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) is reported. 5-FC interferes with the enzymatic method used for creatinine determination in the Kodak Ektachem analyzer. Clinicians should be aware of the potential for spurious azotemia in patients receiving 5-FC therapy for fungal urinary tract infections.

Aminohydrolases↗
PubMed1987

Acute and chronic prostatitis: diagnosis and treatment.

Several distinct types of prostatitis, or prostatitis syndromes, are now recognized. The most common types include acute and chronic bacterial prostatitis, nonbacterial prostatitis, and prostatodynia. Bacterial prostatitis, caused mainly by enterobacteria, is often difficult to cure, and chronic bacterial prostatitis is a common cause of relapsing recurrent urinary tract infection in men. Nonbacterial prostatitis, the most common syndrome, is an inflammation of the prostate of unknown cause. Patients with prostatodynia typically have sterile cultures and normal prostatic secretions but demonstrate an acquired voiding dysfunction on video-urodynamic testing. Since nonbacterial types of prostatitis have no recognized infectious cause, treatment using antimicrobial agents is ineffective and unwarranted.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Multicentric angiomyolipoma: renal and lymph node involvement.

A retrospective review of 6 patients with renal angiomyolipoma treated surgically revealed regional lymph node involvement in 2--an incidence of 33 per cent. The clinical behavior in these patients suggests that nodal involvement is an expression of multicentricity rather than metastatic disease.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Urinary catheters and nosocomial infection.

Latex catheters appear to be associated with a higher incidence of complications than silicone or Silastic tubing. Patients with indwelling catheters in whom asymptomatic bacteriuria develop usually do not require treatment until the time of catheter removal. In symptomatic patients, however, samples of blood and urine should be obtained for culture and sensitivity testing. Empiric therapy with parenteral antibiotics--such as an aminoglycoside plus ampicillin or piperacillin--should then be initiated. To reduce infectious complications associated with the use of urinary catheters, clinicians should always carefully determine whether or not a true indication for catheterization exists. In addition, intermittent bladder catheterization and suprapubic drainage should be considered whenever appropriate. Specific guidelines for preventing infection or superinfection in patients with indwelling catheters are provided.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

Nosocomial infection of urinary tract: changing pathogens, changing patterns.

Risk factors for the development of nosocomial infection, i.e., diabetes, immunosuppressive therapy, etc., are reviewed. In most cases, the patient's own fecal flora is the primary reservoir for potentially infecting pathogens, such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus, Serratia, and enterococcus. Hospitalized patients are likely to have antibiotic-related changes in fecal flora. Abnormal urethral flora in men, as well as high rates of vaginal and urethral colonization in women, increase the risk of infection associated with urinary catheterization or instrumentation. The costs of nosocomial urinary tract infections, both in economic and health terms, are briefly discussed. After a review of the causes and consequences of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, the issue of perioperative prophylaxis is addressed. It is concluded that the most important aspects of effective perioperative prophylaxis are achievement of suitable drug-tissue levels at the time of surgery and a limited period of postoperative antibiotic administration. The problem and probable causes of cross contamination are described. Recommendations for reducing nosocomial infections are offered.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1979

Prostatitis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Serum antibody titers in treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for chronic prostatitis.

A comparative study of the clinical, bacteriologic, and serum antibody titer response of 22 men who received therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for chronic prostatitis due to various strains of Escherichia coli was done. Of the 7 patients who were cured by therapy on the basis of clinical and bacteriologic data, 6 of 6 patients who had elevated serum antibody titers prior to treatment demonstrated a decrease to normal range of serum titers during follow-up, confirming disappearance of the bacterial antigen. Of the 15 patients who were not cured on the basis of clinical and bacteriologic data, 12 of 12 patients who had elevated serum antibody titers prior to treatment demonstrated no change in serum titers throughout the study, confirming persistence of the bacterial antigen.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Serum antibody titers in urethritis and chronic bacterial prostatitis.

Serum antibody titers were measured by direct bacterial agglutination technique against various strains of Escherichia coli found in the fecal flora of a control group of men who had no history of genitourinary tract infection, against the strains of E. coli responsible for urethral infection in 7 men with urethritis, and against the strains of E. coli responsible for prostatic infection in 25 men with chronic prostatitis. Low serum titers were found in both the control group (median titer of 1:20) and in the urethritis group (median titer of 1:10). Excluding 3 men who had self-agglutinating strains, 18 of 22 (82 per cent) in the prostatitis group had serum titers of 1:320 or greater (median titer of 1:640). Measurement of serum antibody titers by this technique can be a valuable adjunct to diagnosis in cases of chronic prostatitis due to strains of E. coli.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗