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Biomedical subjects

E Lund

Publications and source records attributed to E Lund.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

The anti-inflammatory effect of organo-heparinoid cream after bilateral mandibular osteotomies.

The aim of the present study was to compare the effect on swelling after bilateral osteotomies of the mandible of treatment with organo-heparinoid (Hirudoid) cream and that of a placebo cream. 12 patients (7 female, 5 male), median age of 29.5 years, were included in the study. 5 patients received bilateral sagittal-split procedures for symmetrical mandibular advancement, and 7 patients received bilateral mandibular osteotomies for symmetrical mandibular set-back. Each of the 2 operated sides were randomized for treatment with active medication or placebo; 1.5 g of the active- or placebo cream were carefully rubbed into the skin above the masseteric muscle 4 times a day for 4 days. Periodic identical CT-scans were performed to evaluate swelling; patients were CT-scanned preoperatively and once or twice postoperatively. 3 variables were used to assess the swelling: (1) thickness of the subcutis; (2) maximum thickness of the masseteric muscle; (3) cross-sectional area of the soft tissues facial to the ramus of the mandible. No significant differences in postoperative swelling could be demonstrated between the 2 treatments. There were no detectable systemic effects of the treatment with organo-heparinoid.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Oral contraceptive use and premenopausal breast cancer in Sweden and Norway: possible effects of different pattern of use.

Different use of oral contraceptives (OCs) in relation to reproductive histories and age might explain the conflicting results found in studies from different countries of OC use and premenopausal breast cancer. A population-based case-control study in Sweden and Norway has been analysed separately for the two countries. The study consists of 317 Swedish and 105 Norwegian cases diagnosed 1984-1985 with 317 Swedish and 210 Norwegian controls. The results for each country separately are consistent with the joint analysis showing increased risk for breast cancer with increased duration of OC use with the exception of that for women with more than 15 years since first use. The relative risk of breast cancer for more than four years of use among Norwegian women was 0.6 (95% confidence internal (Cl), 0.2-1.8). In both countries there was a non-significant higher risk associated with increasing duration of use before first full-term pregnancy. Analyses for surveillance bias show no evidence of bias as explanation for the association between total duration of OC use and breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Hospitalization of elderly people. A 3-year controlled trial.

In a controlled epidemiologic intervention study, preventive home visits to elderly people aged 75 or older were made very third month over 3 years. Two hundred eighty-five (62% women) elderly participated in the intervention group and 287 (62% women) in the control group. Information about the number of admissions to hospitals, the number of bed days, the main reason for hospitalization, the diagnoses on discharge, and the residence after discharge was collected. Two hundred nineteen admissions (4,884 bed days) were registered for the intervention group compared with 271 (6,442 bed days) for the control group. During the second half of the study, a significant reduction in the number of admissions--especially readmissions--to hospitals was seen in the intervention group. The mean risk per person of being hospitalized was 24%, 20%, and 20% in years 1, 2, and 3, respectively, for the intervention group, and 22%, 25%, and 28% for the controls. The mean number of bed days per admission did not differ between the two groups. Using the results to make a general epidemiologic and longitudinal assessment of the admissions of elderly aged 75 or older, the following can be concluded: 4% of the participants used 42% of the bed days, and most of these people awaited alternative residential accommodation; 62% stayed less than 2 weeks in the hospital. The main reason for hospitalization was fall episodes among women (20%) and dyspnea among men (18%). Approximately three-fourths were discharged to their own homes or to the family, while 18% died. Preventive home visits seem to be one of the tools to improve the future lives of the elderly in their own homes.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1989

Determination of serum levels of unesterified lathosterol by isotope dilution-mass spectrometry.

The synthesis of 2H3-labelled lathosterol is described. This compound was used together with 2H7-labelled cholesterol for simultaneous assay of unesterified lathosterol and cholesterol in serum by isotope dilution-mass spectrometry. After addition of a fixed amount of the two internal standards to a fixed amount of serum (in general 25 microliter), the steroids were extracted with chloroform and subjected to Lipidex 5000 chromatography. The fraction containing cholesterol and lathosterol was converted into trimethylsilyl ether and subjected to mass spectrometric analysis with selected monitoring of the ions at m/z 458 (molecular ion of the trimethylsilyl ether derivative of unlabelled cholesterol and lathosterol), m/z 461 (molecular ion of derivative of 2H3-labelled lathosterol) and m/z 465 (molecular ion of derivative of 2H7-labelled cholesterol). Individual standard curves were used for assay of each steroid. Under the conditions employed, the coefficient of variation of the two assays was less than 6%. In different recovery experiments the maximal difference between expected and found values was less than 7%. Using a less accurate method for analysis of lathosterol, we have shown previously that there is a high correlation between the hepatic HMG CoA reductase and the relative concentration of unesterified lathosterol in serum (concentration of lathosterol relative to cholesterol). This was confirmed with the present method and a correlation coefficient of about 0.94 was found between the two parameters. It is concluded that the present method may be suitable for detection of cases with accelerated rate of synthesis of cholesterol.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1989

Weekly anthracycline in the treatment of advanced breast cancer.

In two consecutive prospective and randomized studies, very similar response rates (31 and 36% respectively) were obtained for weekly 20 mg doses of doxorubicin among 143 patients with advanced breast cancer. The treatment was well tolerated and most patients had only moderate, if any, complaints about this treatment.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

A serious outbreak of canine distemper among sled-dogs in northern Greenland.

A canine distemper outbreak in a highly susceptible sled dog population of Northern Greenland was recognized in the beginning of January 1988. A high morbidity and mortality in all age groups was a characteristic of the epizootic. The actual canine distemper virus infection was identified by isolation of the virus and demonstration of viral antigens by immunofluorescence and also by demonstration of conventional inclusion bodies. Virus specific IgM antibodies were demonstrated in affected dogs. In places where vaccination was carried out too late to be effective, the losses were up to 80 per cent. In a settlement, which was under rabies quarantine four weeks before the distemper outbreak started in other settlements, no cases occurred before or after vaccination. The spread of canine distemper seems connected with a Canadian outbreak and communicated by foxes. Once established the further spread apparently was by travelling dog teams. Suitable future prophylactic measures are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Heterogeneity of human U1 snRNAs.

I demonstrate that the U1 snRNAs of human cells are heterogeneous in sequence. Polyacrylamide gel and RNase T1 fingerprint analyses of U1 RNAs isolated from a variety of human cultured cells, including HeLa, 293, K562 and NT2/D1, show that minor variants of the human U1 RNA (hUla) comprise between 5% and 15% of the total U1 RNAs in these established cell lines. The patterns of variants are cell line specific, suggesting that expression of these minor species of hUla RNAs reflect polymorphisms of the hUla true genes rather than existence of an additional class of human embryonic U1 genes. Also, the hUla variants described here are not the products of previously identified human U1 Class I pseudogenes.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The embryonic and adult mouse U1 snRNA genes map to different chromosomal loci.

The linkage relationships of mouse adult (mU1a) and embryonic (mU1b) U1 snRNA genes were determined by analysis of the strain distribution patterns of two polymorphic variant RNAs, mU1a2 and mU1b3, in several recombinant inbred strain systems. The locus for mU1b3 RNA maps to the U1 gene cluster, Rnu1b, located near the center of chromosome 3, whereas the locus for mU1a2 RNA, Rnu1a2, is located in the proximal region of chromosome 12, tightly linked to D12-1. Moreover, the lack of linkage between Rnu1a2 and the locus for mU1a1 genes on chromosome 11 demonstrates that the mouse genome contains at least three clusters of U1 snRNA genes.

Aging↗
PubMed1988

A randomized study evaluating radiotherapy versus chemotherapy in patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer.

A combination of cisplatin (70 mg/m2 i.v. day one) and etoposide (100 mg/m2 i.v. day one, 200 mg/m2 orally days 2 and 3) repeated every third week to a maximum of 4 cycles were compared with high voltage radiotherapy, 42 Gy given in 15 fractions over a 3-week period to patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (a shield was used in the posterior field to reduce the total spinal dose less than 40 Gy). One hundred and eighteen patients received radiotherapy; the median survival was 10.6 months compared to 10.5 months for the 116 chemotherapy patients (p = 0.81). The objective response rate (CR + PR) was 42% for the radiotherapy and 21% for the chemotherapy group (p = 0.009). At progression it was optional to cross over to the other treatment modality or to receive phase II chemotherapy. Thirty patients primarily treated with radiotherapy and 54 allocated to chemotherapy received second line antineoplastic treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Cultivation of human breast carcinoma in soft agar. Experience with 237 fresh tumour specimens.

A total of 237 breast carcinomas have been studied with the Courtenay-Mills (C-M) soft agar method. Cell yields and plating efficiencies (PE) were recorded after various enzyme treatments. The highest cell yields and PEs were obtained with the combination of collagenase 0.5%, hyaluronidase 1000 IE ml-1 and DNase 0.1% and an incubation time of 2 h. Eighty percent of the specimens gave greater than 10 colonies, and 60% formed greater than 30 colonies permitting chemosensitivity studies. The C-M method gave significantly higher PEs than the Hamburger-Salmon (H-S) method. Hormone supplements (insulin, oestradiol, progesterone, hydrocortisone) and also reduced agar concentrations (less than 0.3%) gave marginal stimulation of colony formation. In chemosensitivity studies involving doxorubicin, vincristine and 4-OOH-cyclophosphamide, the C-M method gave dose-response relationships without plateaus.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and risk of breast cancer in young women.

The possible association between cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and the risk of development of breast cancer before the age of 45 was investigated by means of a population-based case-control study in Sweden and Norway. Information was obtained, by personal interview, from 422 (89.2%) of all eligible patients with breast cancer newly diagnosed between May 1984 and May 1985, and from 527 (80.6%) of all age-matched controls. The possible confounding effects of oral contraceptive (OC) use, education, and reproductive and several other factors were taken into account in multivariate analyses. No association was found between ever smoking (versus never smoking) and breast cancer (odds ratio 1.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8-1.3). Further, there was no relation between breast cancer and duration of smoking, age at start of regular smoking, length of time since the start of regular smoking, or number of cigarettes smoked per day. There was no significant interaction between smoking, use of OCs, parity, and breast cancer. A moderate or high current consumption of beer, wine, liquor or total alcohol did not increase the risk of breast cancer. An alcohol intake of 5 grams per day or more was associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer (odds ratio 0.6; 95% CI 0.4-0.9), but possible effects of a change in habits after diagnosis, of recall bias and of residual confounding, e.g. by dietary habits, need serious consideration.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Neuron specific enolase-positive breast carcinomas.

Ninety-eight patients treated for breast carcinomas were followed from 54 to 75 months after primary diagnosis. All had undergone a modified radical mastectomy with removal of axillary lymph nodes. 36 breast carcinomas were NSE-positive and 62 were negative. NSE-positive tumours were significantly more frequently estrogen receptor-positive than the NSE-negative tumours, and the estrogen receptor values were higher in the NSE-positive groups. Patients with NSE-positive tumours and patients with NSE-negative tumours did not differ with regard to presence of lymph node metastases at the time of primary surgery. However, the study showed that patients with NSE-positive tumours had a tendency towards more lymph node metastases after primary surgical intervention, but a better outcome than patients with NSE-negative tumours and metastases. This study, with a 5-year follow up, failed to demonstrate any major prognostic significance of immunostaining for NSE.

Breast Neoplasms↗