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Biomedical subjects

E Ludwig

Publications and source records attributed to E Ludwig.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Incorporation of methionine into a peptic partial hydrolyzate from faba bean protein isolate by plastein reaction with thermitase].

The contents of free methionine methyl esters and methionine as well as the bound quantities of methionine were determined in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the covalent incorporation of methionine into peptic partial hydrolyzate in the course of the plastein reaction with addition of L-, DL- or D-methionine ethyl esters. The plastein reaction was performed with thermitase as reenzyme. The methionine incorporation was found to take place stereospecifically. The incorporation degree of the methionine ester is influenced by a thermitase-catalyzed and a non-enzymatic ester saponification.

Endopeptidases↗
PubMed1984

Role of apolipoprotein E in the lipolytic conversion of beta-very low density lipoproteins to low density lipoproteins in type III hyperlipoproteinemia.

The beta-very low density lipoproteins (beta-VLDL) that accumulate in type III hyperlipoproteinemic subjects can be divided into two fractions (fraction I and fraction II), which differ in size, lipid composition, and the type of apolipoprotein B (apo-B) present in the particles. The apo-B48-containing particles (fraction I) are of intestinal origin, while apo-B100-containing particles (fraction II) are derived from the liver. Both fractions contain a defective form of apo-E referred to as apo-E2. Intravenous infusion of heparin into two subjects with type III hyperlipoproteinemia resulted in the complete removal of fraction II particles from density less than 1.006 g/ml, while fraction I particles remained at this density. In vitro studies confirmed that fraction I particles did not change density when subjected to hydrolysis with lipoprotein lipase, while fraction II particles shifted to the intermediate density lipoprotein range (approximately equal to 1.02 g/ml). When the beta-VLDL were hydrolyzed by lipoprotein lipase in the presence of density greater than 1.21 g/ml lipoprotein-deficient plasma, the addition of normal apo-E (apo-E3), but not apo-E2, resulted in a shift of fraction II particles to the low density lipoprotein (LDL) range (approximately equal to 1.05 g/ml). Fraction I particles did not undergo a shift to this higher density, supporting previous observations that apo-B48-containing particles are not converted to LDL. The demonstration that apo-B100-containing particles in type III hyperlipoproteinemic subjects could be converted to particles with the density of LDL suggests that apo-E plays a role in the normal conversion of VLDL to LDL. The mutant form of apo-E (apo-E2) found in the beta-VLDL from type III hyperlipoproteinemic subjects appears to impede this conversion, whereas the addition of normal apo-E (apo-E3) allows the processing to occur.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Formation of plastein gels from peptic digests of field bean protein isolates].

Peptic partial hydrolysates of a different hydrolysis degree were prepared from horse bean protein isolate and used for the plastein reaction with thermitase. Whilst unsoluble products were formed from partial hydrolysates of a hydrolysis degree above 60%, plastein gel could be obtained from a less intensely split basic material. By gel chromatography and by determination of the percentage which was unsoluble in 10% trichloroacetic acid, a proteolytic degradation could be made proof on the conditions of the plastein reaction. On addition of DL-methionine ethylesters to the partial hydrolysate an increasing incorporation of methionine into the plastein could be observed with increasing hydrolysis degree.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

Microbiologic and clinical studies with cefuroxime.

The microbiologic and therapeutic efficacy of cefuroxime, a lactamase-stable cephalosporin, was studied. Of the 2532 bacterial isolates of clinical origin, 80-95% of the E. coli, indole-negative Proteus, Klebsiella-enterobacter, Staphylococcus aureus, and 72-74% of indole-positive Proteus and Streptococcus B haemolyticus strains were found susceptible to cefuroxime by the disc method. Forty-three bacterial infections of 36 patients were treated; most of them were critically or seriously ill at the start of treatment. Half of the patients had failed to respond to previous antibacterial therapy. Cefuroxime was administered in doses of 750 and 1500 mg, three times daily, for an average of 11 days (6-37 days). Ten patients received an aminoglycoside in addition to cefuroxime. Forty-one infections of 34 patients were cured, one relapsed, and one did not respond. The pathogen was identified in 36 infections; in 34 it was eradicated. Cefuroxime was well tolerated by all patients including one with penicillin allergy. No side effects occurred except local pain at the site of i.m. injections in two cases. It is concluded that cefuroxime has a high efficacy against resistant strains and an outstanding value in severe bacterial infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Age-associated pharmacokinetic changes of metronidazole.

Serum concentration and urinary excretion of metronidazole were determined after p.o. administration of 500 mg to 15 young (20-25 years old) and 20 elderly (over 70) subjects. Serum levels were consistently higher and the AUCs were almost doubled in the aged group. One of the effects underlying the decrease in total clearance is the diminished renal excretion; however, the role of the reduction of distribution volume seems to be more important. Red cell binding of metronidazole significantly decreased in the aged group; this may also contribute to the reduction of distribution volume. Reduction of the standard dose of metronidazole by 30-40% is recommended in elderly patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The effect of the antiandrogen II alpha-hydroxyprogesterone on sebum production and cholesterol concentration of sebum.

II alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone, a synthetic antiandrogen of low toxicity, was applied topically. In short-term experiments the sebum production of the forehead in normal male subjects was reduced significantly. The cholesterol concentration of sebum decreased to a greater extent. In long-term studies in patients with seborrhoea and male-pattern alopecia, the steroid caused a marked and constant reduction of greasiness of the hair. In this group also, the cholesterol concentration of the sebum obtained from scalp hair decreased more markedly than total sebum production. Possible effects of II alpha-hydroxyprogesterone on androgenic alopecia are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Allergens responsible for occupational eczemas in hairdressers].

Allergens responsible for occupational contact dermatitis occurring in hairdressers are reviewed. The subject is of topical interest as far as the number of reports on occupational skin diseases shows a considerable increase in the last years. Only a--not yet available--careful analysis of the expertises in the possession of the competent Employers Liability Insurance Association can disclose the relevance of individual sensitizers contained in hair care products to occupational contact eczemas of hairdressers.

Beauty Culture↗
PubMed1981

[Maillard reaction between beta-lactoglobulin and lactose. V. Low-molecular reaction products].

The low-molecular substances formed during the reaction of beta-lactoglobulin with lactose confirm, by their amount as well as by their spectra, the importance of the thiol and disulphide groups of the protein in the course of the Maillard reaction. Unchanged lactose is obviously the major component of the low-molecular material; galactose was also detected, but no glucose. Low-molecular compounds containing nitrogen and sulphur evidence that these elements originate in part from the cleavage of protein.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1981

Uptake of metronidazole by human erythrocytes.

In studies performed with equilibrium dialysis metronidazole was found to bind closely to human erythrocytes. In blood of haematocrit value approximately 50% of the drug was bound to erythrocytes. The ratio of bound and unbound metronidazole was influenced by the concentration of the drug and the erythrocytes. Of the intracellular proteins of erythrocytes it was the carbonic anhydrase enzyme in the first place which was responsible for binding; binding to haemoglobin was negligible. Besides binding to it, metronidazole reduced the carbonic anhydrase activity by almost 50%.

Acetazolamide↗