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Biomedical subjects

E Loizeau

Publications and source records attributed to E Loizeau.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[The effect of lactitol on the production of expired hydrogen in normal subjects].

In man, unabsorbed disaccharide lactitol is fermented by colonic flora with an H2 breath production proportional to the absorbed quantity. The osmolality of the ingested solution is without effect either on the oro-cecal transit time and the time of H2 peak, or on the output and peak value of H2 expired. The intestinal symptoms seemed less prominent with slighter osmolality. The beginning of H2 production and the amount of H2 recorded varied widely between different subjects and in the same subject. It is thus important to consider this variability when measuring transit time and evaluating the amount of unabsorbed sugar. The comparison between two analogous doses of lactitol and lactulose (Duphalac) shows lower H2 production with lactulose, but clinical symptoms are slightly more pronounced. The glycemic peak was significantly higher for lactulose than for lactitol.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[The role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of diffuse liver disease].

131 patients thought to have diffuse liver disease underwent ultrasonography and percutaneous liver biopsy. The ultrasonographic criteria examined were hepatic echogenicity compared to that of the renal cortex, homogeneity of hepatic parenchyma, and regularity of hepatic outline. On the basis of histologic examination of liver biopsies, several groups of pathologic lesions (not diagnostic entities) were established. Evaluation of ultrasound and histology was double blind. When the lobular architecture of the liver was respected histologically (normal liver, granulomatosis, siderosis, hepatitis), the ultrasound was normal in 86% of cases. The sensitivity of ultrasound was 0.9 for detection of fatty liver and 0.6 for cirrhosis. An abnormal ultrasound predicted structural modifications or a fatty liver in 93% of cases. Ultrasound proved incapable of differentiating between fatty liver and cirrhosis.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1986

Glycaemic response and hydrogen production to blenderised and polymeric enteral nutrition formulas.

Complete enteral nutrition preparations include blenderised formulas based on natural foods with some fibre content and also low-residue polymeric formulas. This study examines the effect of the different fibre content of two commercial formulas (6.4 g/l and 0.25 g/l) on glycaemic and insulin response and hydrogen production in the colon during constant rate administration in 11 normal subjects. No difference in serum glucose and insulin levels was found. No rise in hydrogen production was detected with either formula suggesting no carbohydrate malabsorption. The quantity or nature of fibre present in blenderised formulas does not modify the pattern of carbohydrate absorption compared to a low-residue polymeric formula. However, this does not preclude other possible physiological effects of fibre content upon gastrointestinal motility and function.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

Effects of single daily doses of a pyridil-2-tetrahydrothiophene derivative (40749 RP) on 24 hour H+ activity, nocturnal acid output, gastrin and pepsinogen I profiles in duodenal ulcer patients.

40749 RP is a pyridil-2-tetrahydrothiophene derivative, belonging to a new class of gastric antisecretory drugs. We compared its effects on gastric secretion with cimetidine. Intragastric acidity, nocturnal acid output, gastrin and pepsinogen-I profiles were measured in patients with duodenal ulcer in clinical remission. A single dose of 100 mg 40749 RP reduced median 24 h gastric acidity as effectively as cimetidine 1000 mg given as four divided doses, 0.63 vs 1.6 mmol/l. Continued treatment with 40749 RP for 10 days reduced the median 24 h gastric acidity even further, to 0.006 mmol/l (p less than 0.001) and significantly increased fasting concentrations of gastrin and pepsinogen-I (p = 0.02). The incremental gastrin secretion to a standard meal was significantly increased after 10 days treatment with 40749 RP when compared with the first day of 40749 RP, or with cimetidine. These results show that 40749 RP exerts a powerful inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion after a single 100 mg dose, and that this inhibitory effect increases with continued administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Interaction of alcohol and nutrition factors in the etiology of hepatic cirrhosis in men].

Habitual food and alcohol intake throughout adult life were assessed by interview in 211 patients suffering of liver cirrhosis and 387 control subjects selected at random from the corresponding general population. In the cirrhotics only the habits prior to clinical disease were taken into account. A significant dose-response relationship between alcohol intake and relative risk of cirrhosis, as well as the protective effect of total caloric intake and of its protein fraction, was demonstrated by logistic regression analysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Bacteriological safety of enteral nutrition with continuous delivery].

Enteral nutrition can be administered as bolus feedings or by pump-assisted continuous drip. We have compared these two techniques in regard to bacterial contamination of nutritional solutions for given periods of administration set utilisation. A total of 103 patients were treated for 3 months. Bacterial contamination of nutritional solutions was important, but clinical complications, particularly diarrhea, were seen only in 11%. In several cases osmotic diarrhea was produced by too rapid administration. Factors associated with a high level of bacterial growth included utilisation time of administration sets, hanging time of feeding formula, and, mainly, maintenance of the connection between the administration set and the nasogastric tube during pump-assisted continuous drip. Retrograde colonisation of the nasogastric feeding tube is likely in view of the bacterial flora identified. The absence of relationship between microbial contamination of nutritional solutions and infectious diarrhea, as demonstrated in this study, is indicative of the appropriate bacterial safety of continuous drip or bolus enteral nutrition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation of pirenzepine on gastric acidity in healthy volunteers using ambulatory 24 hour intragastric pH-monitoring.

The effect of pirenzepine on 24 hour intragastric acidity was studied in 10 healthy volunteers using ambulatory 24 hour intragastric pH-monitoring in a double blind crossover study. Tests were performed on the seventh day of ingestion of either placebo, 75 mg pirenzepine or 150 mg pirenzepine per day. The drugs were given at two doses at 8.30 am and 8.30 pm. Mean nocturnal hydrogen ion activity during placebo treatment was 68 mmol/l +/- 9 SEM and was reduced by 75 mg (26%, p less than 0.01) and 150 mg of pirenzepine (36%, p less than 0.01), respectively. Mean diurnal hydrogen ion activity was 32 mmol/l +/- 6 SEM and was not significantly reduced (p greater than 0.1) by either dose of pirenzepine (4% and 12% respectively). Thus, the effect of pirenzepine on intragastric acidity is small, even with high doses of the drug, and becomes apparent only during the night.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Mechanism of pancreatic growth induced by pancreatico-biliary diversion in the rat. Inhibition by proglumide, benzotript, and ranitidine.

Pancreatico-biliary diversion (PBD) stimulates pancreatic growth in the rat. The present experiment was designed to investigate the mechanism of this phenomenon. The potential roles of endogenous CCK, gastrin, and secretin were studied. Hormone measurements by specific RIA's show that PBD was associated with higher CCK plasma concentrations and, conversely, with lower gastrin circulating levels. Secretin and pancreatic polypeptide were unaffected by PBD. Seven days' subcutaneous administration of proglumide (1000 mg/kg/day), benzotript (100 mg/kg/day), two CCK and gastrin receptor antagonists, and Ranitidine (100 mg/kg/day) resulted in a significant inhibition of PBD-induced pancreatic growth, assessed by measurements of pancreatic weight, DNA, RNA and protein content. These results suggest, therefore, that CCK plays a central role in the development of the pancreatic adaptive response to PBD.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1985

[Importance of drug-induced ulceration in endoscopic lesions of the esophagus].

Drug-induced ulcers of the oesophagus represent a rare but probably under-recorded complication. In a series of 5900 endoscopies performed in 32 months, oesophageal ulcers were seen in 4 cases following the intake of doxycycline, and in one case after ingestion of pinaverium bromide and a bulk laxative respectively. Oesophageal ulcers were seen mainly in young patients without underlying oesophageal disease, presenting with chest pain and odynophagia. The most common site of involvement was at the aortic notch in the middle third of the oesophagus. The course was quickly favorable within 5-10 days after the drug was discontinued, but transient complete abstention from oral intake was required in some cases. Ulceration is thought to be secondary to drug stasis and local cytotoxic effects. Oesophageal ulcers can be prevented simply by recommending intake of the drug with sufficient water in the upright position at least two hours before retiring.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A simple method for measurement of intestinal calcium absorption in humans by double-isotope technique.

We describe a method for the fast calculation of total fractional calcium absorption (TFCaA) by the double-isotope technique (45Ca orally and 47Ca intravenously). The gamma- and beta-activities of plasma or urine samples were measured simultaneously. 47Ca activity was obtained by a gamma-ray spectrometer after exclusion of scandium 47. The 45Ca activity was measured directly by subtracting the 47Ca plus 47Sc component from the total beta-activity. In addition, 45Ca activity was determined after 8 weeks, to allow for 47Ca and 47Sc decay. There was good correlation between these two methods of measuring 45Ca activity. TFCaA was calculated both by deconvolution taken as a reference method and from the equilibrium quotient 45Ca/47Ca observed in several blood or urine samples collected at different times. The most convenient sampling time for calculation of this ratio was reappraised, taking into account the type of solution ingested orally (water or milk). The results indicate that simultaneous counting of gamma- and beta-activities of an appropriate plasma or urine sample provides a good and rapid measure of the calcium absorption. This method is considered to be useful as a clinical tool.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Clinical value of determining pepsinogen I].

The serum values of PG I and gastrin have been established in a normal population and in several clinical diseases. The PG I is raised in duodenal, gastric, and pyloric ulcer even though the gastrin is normal. Both PG I and gastrin values are raised in renal insufficiency and the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. The PG I is lowered in atrophic gastritis and alcoholic cirrhosis, and is at the limit of detection in Biermer anemia and total gastrectomy. Insulin and sham-feeding are stimulants for PG I release by patients with duodenal ulcer, but no correlation is observed between PG I output and PAO in the studied group. The results show that PG I is able to distinguish between associated hypergastrinemia and hypoacidity (Biermer anemia type) or a hyperacidity (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome type), and that PG I is a good indicator for gastric hypoacidity. Overlapping between normal and ulcer subjects is comparable to those obtained in acid output determinations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Peptic lesions of the upper digestive tract and drugs. Prospective study].

The association between drugs and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract is well known but has always been evaluated qualitatively and not quantitatively. To study the importance of this association, a prospective study was undertaken at the University of Geneva Hospital in 456 subjects. A statistically significant (p less than 0.05) correlation was found in the following associations: aspirin and multiple gastric ulcers, aspirin and severe erosive gastritis; non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and multiple duodenal ulcers, non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and mild erosive gastritis. On the other hand, no correlation was found between any of the observed gastrointestinal diseases and prednisone, alcohol or tobacco.

Adult↗