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Biomedical subjects

E Loizeau

Publications and source records attributed to E Loizeau.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Calcium absorption from milk in lactase-deficient subjects.

Intestinal calcium absorption from milk containing lactose (+) and from another containing glucose (-) was studied in eight patients with normal lactase (NL) and seven lactase-deficient (LD) subjects to determine if lactase deficiency is implicated in Ca absorption. The results were compared with data obtained from Ca ingestion in a water solution. Ca absorption was measured by a double-isotope technique and the kinetic indices were obtained by a deconvolution method. With (-), Ca absorption was identical in NL and LD subjects and slightly higher than with water solution (15%, NS). With (+), Ca absorption in NL subjects was identical with that from water solution; in LD subjects it increased (23%, p less than 0.02). These data indicate that: Ca is absorbed equally well from milk as from water solution; (+) favors Ca absorption in LD subjects, which suggests that milk ingestion might be encouraged in LD subjects to avoid Ca deficiency; and (-) should be a valuable alternative for lactose-intolerant patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Endoscopic sclerotherapy and esophageal varices].

60 consecutive patients underwent sclerotherapy for hemorrhage from ruptured esophageal varices. Sclerosis was always started within the first 48 hours. 12 patients (20%) died during initial hospitalization, but only 5 from recurrent bleeding. Of 48 survivors, 22 (46%) did not rebleed during a mean 18-month follow-up, whereas 26 (54%) had recurrences, 27 of these bleeding episodes occurred early (within 4 months) and 17 late (mean 16.5 months). Eradication of the varices was achieved in 29 patients (60%) with a mean of 6.2 sessions and within a mean of 6 months. Of these 48 patients 2 have been lost to follow-up, 25 (52%) are alive after a mean follow-up of 29 months, and 21 (44%) died (though only 2 from variceal bleeding). The survival curve (Kaplan-Meier) of these 60 bleeders is 45% and 37% at 2 and 4 years respectively. Sclerotherapy caused no death and only minor adverse effects. These results confirm those in the literature. We advocate endoscopic sclerosis as first choice in the treatment of ruptured esophageal varices.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Nutritional profile of patients with cancer of the pancreas].

A case control study was carried out in the Geneva area from 1976 to 1980 to determine correlation between cancer of the pancreas and nutrition. The controls were randomly selected from the general population and 88 patients with pancreatic cancer were interviewed on their food habits by two experienced dietitians. Bias may always be suggested, but even Anglo-Saxon workers are increasingly adopting this method. Comparison between patients with pancreatic cancer and controls revealed different alimentary habits. Consumption of beer (2.9 times higher risk), of butter (2.1 times) and pasta (2.5 times) considerably increases the risk, whereas margarine, fruit and fresh vegetables are associated with a significant reduction of risk.

Beer↗
PubMed1987

[Pseudomembranous colitis caused by the ingestion of colocynth].

A 61-year-old woman presented with an acute condition involving confusion, abdominal cramps and bloody diarrhea six hours after accidental ingestion of colocynth mistaken for zucchini. Colonoscopic examination revealed pseudomembranous colitis though the patient had no condition known to be associated with pseudomembranous colitis. Within ten days the mental state returned to normal and the colitis resolved completely. It is suggested that the colitis was caused by the ingestion of colocynth.

Cathartics↗
PubMed1987

Exocrine pancreatic nodules after longterm pancreaticobiliary diversion in rats. An effect of raised CCK plasma concentrations.

Surgical diversion of bile and pancreatic secretions to the mid small bowel has been shown to provoke increased CCK plasma concentration and growth of the pancreas in rats. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of chronic pancreaticobiliary diversion on pancreatic morphology as well as the circulating concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide, secretin, gastrin, and CCK. Fifteen month diversion provoked 73 and 86% increases in pancreatic weight and volume (p less than 0.001). Cholecystokinin blood concentration increased by 98%, from 20.9 +/- 5.7 pg/ml in controls to 41.3 +/- 5.4 after diversion (p less than 0.05), but pancreatic polypeptide, secretin, and gastrin levels were not affected. The volume of the exocrine pancreas doubled from 1104.6 +/- 78.2 mm3 in controls to 2201.2 +/- 229.2 (p less than 0.001), with a matching increase in interstitial tissue. On the contrary, the volume of the endocrine pancreas remained unchanged. Hyperplastic nodules developed in the exocrine pancreas, in 71% of diverted rats, but not in transected controls. We conclude from these observations that chronic diversion of bile and pancreatic juice stimulated pancreatic growth, most likely through a persistent rise of CCK plasma concentrations. Furthermore, this long lasting stimulation induced the development of exocrine pancreatic nodules.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Effects of chronic pancreatitis on salivary secretion].

In chronic pancreatitis, increased concentrations of Na+ and Cl- in sweat have been attributed to increased parasympathetic drive. It was postulated that similar changes might occur in saliva. To avoid masking increased parasympathetic drive, saliva was collected without stimulation. In patients with chronic pancreatitis, there were significant increases of concentrations of Na+ and Cl- in basal salivary concentrations. These differences disappeared when salivary secretion was stimulated with citric acid. Anatomic or neurologic modification of the salivary glands seemed unlikely as stimulated concentrations did not differ from those in the control subjects. Perfusion of cholecystokinin (CCK) did not modify concentrations of Na+ or Cl-. Parasympathetic blockade reduced salivary secretion in both patients and controls (p less than 0.001). As tubular absorption of Na+ and Cl- was constant and the volume of saliva was diminished, it followed that there was a reduction in Na+ and Cl- salivary output. As amylase secretion is under sympathetic control, atropine had little effect other than increasing the salivary amylase concentration. The secretory modifications observed with atropine were the same in both patients and control subjects, as the increased parasympathetic drive of the patients was blocked.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Budd-Chiari syndrome and Vaquez disease: apropos of a case. Results of medical and surgical treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome].

A case is reported of polycythaemia vera associated with Budd-Chiari syndrome. Anticoagulant treatment produced a favorable outcome. A review of the literature prompts the conclusion that in the context of polycythaemia vera surgery does not produce better results than a purely medical approach. We therefore feel that in the type of patient we report, anticoagulation should be maintained for as long as possible.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Apropos of a case of gastric pseudolymphoma].

The surprisingly long survival of patients with inoperable gastric lymphoma has led to the identification of pseudolymphoma, i.e. isolated or ulcer-related lymphoid reaction of an organ. We report six years follow-up of a patient suffering from a chronic gastric ulcer associated with lymphocytic follicular gastritis with germinal centers. The preoperative diagnosis of pseudolymphoma is difficult, since typical clinical signs as well as specific endoscopic and radiologic criteria are lacking. The diagnosis of pseudolymphoma can be established only on the basis of precise histological and immunochemical investigations. The association of lymphomatous foci with pseudolymphoma on gastrectomy specimens suggests the malignant potential of the lesion and its uncertain prognosis. Discovery of lymphomatous transformation by repeated biopsies is an indication for surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Prevention of ulcer disease].

H2-receptor antagonists, sucralfate, pirenzepine and antacids are effective, when given prophylactically, in preventing relapse of peptic ulcer. H2-receptor antagonists and sucralfate are the most widely used and are virtually free of side effects. Cessation of smoking, a balanced diet and a calm life-style are also part of the prophylaxis. The incidence of relapse is reduced by 50-80% over a period of 1-2 years. The economic and clinical benefits of prophylaxis are shown. It is indicated in cases of chronic, relapsing ulcers; complicated ulcers; in medically compromised subjects and in those with heavy responsibilities. Prophylaxis is unduly costly when given after a first episode of peptic ulcer or when episodes are infrequent. For patients with one or two episodes a year the decision to give prophylaxis depends on the patient's wishes. Prophylaxis of stress-induced haemorrhagic lesions depends on the securing of an intragastric pH greater than 3.5-5, usually achieved by hourly administration of antacids. Methylated prostaglandins and H2-receptor antagonists can prevent drug induced peptic lesions. Under the protection of one of these drugs it is possible to continue antiinflammatory treatment at the lowest possible dose.

Anti-Ulcer Agents↗