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Biomedical subjects

E Lee

Publications and source records attributed to E Lee.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Comparison of aerosolized atropine sulfate and SCH 1000 on exercise-induced bronchospasm in children.

The new anticholinergic compound Sch 1000 (ipratropium bromide) has been reported to be an effective bronchodilator without significant atropine-like side effects. We evaluated the effectiveness of different doses of nebulized Sch 1000 (40 microgram and 80 microgram) aerosolized atropine sulfate (1 mg) and placebo in the prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) in 20 children with atopic bronchial asthma. A random, crossover double-blind protocol was used. Standard exercise on a cycloergometer was used to induce EIB. Pulmonary function was determined before and after drug administration and exercise. Following no treatment or placebo, exercise resulted in average reductions of 33% to 43% in plethysmographic specific airway conductance (SGaw), of 20% to 25% in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), and of 25% to 32% in maximal midexpiratory flow rate. Exercise following no treatment or placebo resulted in average increases of 23% to 30% in thoracic gas volume (Vtg). Prior to exercise atropine and either dose of Sch 1000 caused significant increases in SGaw (48% to 59%). After pretreatment with Sch 1000 or atropine, exercise caused SGaw to fall to values that were not significantly different from pretreatment medication values, but were significantly higher than values following exercise without pretreatment or after pretreatment with placebo. No significant differences were noted between the effects of atropine and Sch 1000 on EIB. We conclude that at the doses used atropine and Sch 1000 cause equivalent degrees of bronchodilation but neither drug specifically inhibits EIB.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Volume-related mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in zygotes and vegetative cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The synthesis of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells has been examined during conjugation, in preconjugal conditions, and in control cultures that were not exposed to obverse diffusible sex factors. The ratios of mitochondrial to nuclear DNA varied from about 0.1 in control cells, to about 0.3 in alpha cells exposed for 180 min to cell-free culture medium from a cells, and to about 0.4 in conjugating cells 150 min after mixing. The enhanced levels of mitochondrial DNA during preconjugal and conjugal conditions seem correlated with enhanced cell volumes. Likewise, amounts of mitochondrial DNA in vegetative cells were found to be correlated with cytoplasmic volumes.

Conjugation, Genetic↗
PubMed1977

Effect of renal ischaemia in rats with obstructive jaundice.

The ability of kidneys to withstand renal ischaemia has been tested in jaundiced and non-jaundiced rats. No significant difference could be demonstrated between the two groups of animals except that renal weight increased greatly in the presence of jaundice. Both jaundiced and non-jaundiced animals showed a median lethal dose of renal ischaemia of approximately 120 min when renal function was tested by delayed opposite nephrectomy. It was shown that a recent laparotomy renders the kidney more susceptible to renal ischaemia.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1976

Analysis of HeLa cell hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase mutants and revertants by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: evidence for silent gene activation.

The spot corresponding to hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT; IMP:pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase, EC 2.4.2.8) has been identified in two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels of HeLa cell extracts. This spot is absent in gels of 24 HPRT dificient mutants. A missense mutant displays a new HPRT spot at the same molecular weight but different isoelectric focusing position. Five independently isolated revertants of the missense mutant display spots corresponding to both the wild-type and mutant proteins indicating that they synthesize HPRT from two separate genes. If the missense protein is synthesized from a mutated form of the initially active HPRT gene, then wild-type HPRT protein in the revertants must be snythesized from a newly activated but prevously silent wild-type gene. The newly activated gene in the revertants of the missense mutation appears unstable producing a high frequency of spontaneous HPRT mutants.

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
PubMed1976

A study of HL-A types in Rh haemolytic disease of the newborn.

The HL-A types of 288 women, immunised to the Rh(D) antigen as a result of pregnancy, have been compared to the HL-A types of 139 women who although they have had Rh(D)-positive children have not produced anti-Rh(D). There is an indication that an increased incidence of the HL-A3 antigen is associated with the immunised mothers. A study of the HL-A types of husbands and children of both immunised and non-immunised women did not suggest that their HL-A types played a significant role in anti-Rh(D) production. The frequencies of the HL-A antigens in each category studied have been tabulated for record purposes, as well as the frequencies in a random panel of persons living in the Newcastle environs. Full ABO, Rh and HL-A details of 50 immunised mothers and their families and of 58 non-immunised mothers and their families are available.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1976

Unusual clonal evolution in a case of chronic myelogenous leukemia.

Several unusual cytogenetic changes have occurred during the evolution of chronic myelogenous leukemia in a 32-year-old white male with this disease for 8 years. The first appearance of a hypodiploid cell line containing a dicentric marker occurred 2 years after diagnosis and this line was eliminated by several courses of therapy with hydroxyurea. A second clone, which had a partial deletion of the long arm of one of the number 8 chromosomes (8q-) was noted a year later, but this line has been refractory to intensive combination chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Superiority of conventional intrathecal methotrexate therapy with maintenance over intensive intrathecal methotrexate therapy, unmaintained, or radiotherapy (2000-2500 rads tumor dose) in treatment for meningeal leukemia.

In the treatment of patients with meningeal leukemia, conventional intrathecal methotrexate therapy followed by maintenance intrathecal methotrexate at intervals of 8 weeks has been shown superior to an intensive, unmaintained intrathecal methotrexate induction regimen, and to neuroaxis radiotherapy, tumor dose 2000-2500 rads. In each of the treatment regimens, all children completing proscribed therapy achieved complete CNS remission as judged by the return of CSF findings to normal. Median lengths of remission were: maintenance regimen 240 days; intensive induction regimen, 106 days; and radiotherapy, 216 days. Differences were of statistical significance between the maintenance regimen and the intensive regimen (p equal 0.001), and between the radiotherapy and intensive regimens (p equal 0.01). Maintenance intrathecal therapy appeared to affect favorably the duration of existing marrow remissions; the median time to marrow relapse for patients given maintenance therapy was significantly longer than for those given intensive induction therapy. Toxicity of the chemotherapy regimens was not prohibitive. Radiotherapy was associated with severe myelosuppression, interruptions of systemic therapy, and serious infections, which resulted in death in five children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Split ileostomy in the treatment of Crohn's disease of the colon.

Because of the problems associated with surgical resection of Crohn's disease of the colon a more conservative approach has been used in Oxford since 1960. The inflamed large bowel has been defunctioned by an external diversionary ileostomy and subsequently the disease has been treated with topical and oral corticosteroids. The technique of the split ileostomy used for this purpose is described and the indications for the operation and early results of its use in 69 patients are recorded. In carefully chosen cases the method has two advantages over primary resection. In some patients the inflammation improved sufficiently for continuity of the bowel to be restored without resection being necessary and without medical treatment being required. In others the ileostomy resulted in a marked improvement in general health which has made the subsequent major resection a safer procedure. As an extension of the technique the use of an external faecal diversion by ileostomy is recorded in a further 11 patients who had a synchronous resection of a segment of bowel affected by Crohn's disease.

Administration, Oral↗