Inward rectifying endogenous chloride channels in the Drosophila foetal cell line, S2.
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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
E Larsen
Publications and source records attributed to E Larsen.
Solute Permeabilities of Toad Skin under Outside Hypo-, Iso-, and Hyperosmotic Conditions.
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Journal Article↗
Long-term outcome of knee and ankle injuries in elite football.
To estimate the risk and evaluate the long-term outcome of knee and ankle injuries in former national team elite football, 69 players were randomly selected, followed by clinical and stress radiographic examinations. Thirty-nine players (49 knees) had had knee injuries and 29 ankle injuries (35 ankles). The median time from injury until study examination was 25 years. The knee injuries were tears of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) in 24 cases combined with rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscus lesions in three. Meniscus lesions had occurred in 17 cases including three combined with ACL and MCL and another two with ACL ruptures. Isolated rupture of the ACL had occurred in four cases. The ankle lesions were in 26 of 35 cases ruptures of the lateral ligaments. In all, 12 players had completely stopped football and three had changed occupation. Signs of arthritis were present in 63% of the injured knees and in 33% of the injured ankles. The incidence of arthritis in the group of 17 uninjured players was 26% in the knee and 18% the ankle. In elite football players knee and ankle injuries seem to have a serious long-term outcome, but also uninjured players have a higher risk of developing arthritis than the normal population.
Adult↗
Evaluation of the subjective and objective effect of maximal electrical stimulation in patients complaining of urge incontinence.
BACKGROUND: Favorable results have been reported following Maximal Electrical Stimulation (MES) of patients with urgency and urge incontinence. However, patient groups have often been mixed and outcome measures poorly defined. We therefore wanted to treat a homogeneous patient population with MES and evaluate the effect by defined subjective and objective outcome measures. METHODS: Eighteen female patients complaining of urge incontinence had MES performed. Before and 3 months after MES, the patients performed a 24 hour micturition chart and pad test. They indicated on a visual analogue scale their subjective degree of urgency and leakage and had an ambulatory urodynamic monitoring performed. Nine months after MES the patients were asked whether their urge incontinence was less, equal or more troublesome than before MES. RESULTS: After MES the patients indicated significantly less urgency and leakage. A significant difference was not found in any of the objective outcome measures after MES. Six out of 18 patients (33%) found their urge incontinence less troublesome 9 months after MES, while 12 (66%) found it unchanged or more troublesome than before. CONCLUSIONS: Significantly subjective effect was found following MES. However, none of the objective outcome measures were significantly improved. We were disappointed by the results and have stopped using the method.
Adult↗
Arabidopsis NPH1: a protein kinase with a putative redox-sensing domain.
The NPH1 (nonphototropic hypocotyl 1) gene encodes an essential component acting very early in the signal-transduction chain for phototropism. Arabidopsis NPH1 contains a serine-threonine kinase domain and LOV1 and LOV2 repeats that share similarity (36 to 56 percent) with Halobacterium salinarium Bat, Azotobacter vinelandii NIFL, Neurospora crassa White Collar-1, Escherichia coli Aer, and the Eag family of potassium-channel proteins from Drosophila and mammals. Sequence similarity with a known (NIFL) and a suspected (Aer) flavoprotein suggests that NPH1 LOV1 and LOV2 may be flavin-binding domains that regulate kinase activity in response to blue light-induced redox changes.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Estramustine phosphate versus placebo as second line treatment after orchiectomy in patients with metastatic prostate cancer: DAPROCA study 9002. Danish Prostatic Cancer Group.
PURPOSE: We compared the effect of 560 mg. estramustine phosphate daily to placebo as a supplement to standard palliative therapy in patients with progressive disease after bilateral orchiectomy as first line therapy for metastatic prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a double-blind multicenter study 131 patients with progressing metastatic hormone refractory prostate cancer were randomized to receive 280 mg. estramustine phosphate 2 times daily versus placebo. End points were clinical progression and death. Adverse events, decrease in prostate specific antigen (PSA) and subjective response were also assessed. RESULTS: Adverse events were common in both groups but breast tenderness/gynecomastia and diarrhea were more frequent among patients in the estramustine phosphate group. Subjective responses were few (9 of 50 estramustine phosphate and 4 of 57 placebo cases, p = 0.15). Median observation time for survival was 43 months and 124 patients died. Median time to subjective progression and median overall survival did not differ significantly between the 2 groups at 4.6 and 9.4 months in the estramustine phosphate group versus 5.0 and 6.1 months in the placebo group. Of 61 patients in the estramustine phosphate group 29 achieved a reduction in PSA of more than 25% at 1 month of followup compared to only 3 of 68 receiving placebo. A decrease in PSA after 1 month correlated significantly with survival. CONCLUSIONS: Although this study did not prove estramustine phosphate to be superior to placebo in terms of protocol end points, it generates the hypothesis that prolonged survival may be achieved with estramustine phosphate treatment in a subgroup of patients and that this may be predicted by a decrease in PSA after 1 month of therapy.
Aged↗
Synthesis and potent anti-HIV-1 activity of novel 6-benzyluracil analogues of 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)thymine.
Ethyl 2-alkyl-4-aryl-3-oxobutyrates were synthesized from the corresponding arylacetonitriles and 2-bromo esters. Condensation of the butyrates with thiourea followed by treatment with chloroacetic acid afforded the 5-alkyl-6-(arylmethyl)uracils. Condensation of the uracils with acetals using trimethylsilyl triflate (TMS triflate) as a catalyst gave acyclic 5-alkyl-6-(arylmethyl)uracil derivatives. 6-Benzyl-5-ethyluracil was also condensed with methyl 5-O-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)-2-deoxy-3-O-(phenoxythiocarbonyl+ ++)-alpha,beta-D-erythro-pentofuranoside, followed by Barton reduction and deprotection, to give the anomers of 6-benzyl-5-ethyl-2',3'-dideoxyuridine. Alkylation of the uracils with alkyl chloromethyl sulfides gave new thio analogues of HEPT. All new N1-substituted uracils were tested for activity against HIV-1, and the thio analogues were found extremely potent.
Alkylation↗
Antenna to leg transformation: dynamics of developmental competence.
We explore the transformation of antenna to leg in Drosophila melanogaster, using ectopically expressed transgenes with heat shock promoters: heat shock Antennapedia, heat shock Ultrabithorax, and heat shock mouse Hox A5. We determined the frequency of transformation of several leg markers in response to Antennapedia protein delivered by heat shock at different times and doses. We also studied stage-specific responses to the transgene, heat shock mouse Hox A5. Results show that each marker has its own stage and dose-specific pattern of response. The same marker could pass through a period of high-dose inhibition followed by a dose-independent response and then a positive dose-dependent phase. The heat shock-induced transgenes and spineless aristapedia transformed the apterous enhancer trap antenna disc expression pattern toward the pattern found in leg discs. These results are considered in relation to developmental competence-the ability of developing tissue to respond to internal or external influences. The results suggest that all genes tested interact with the same competence system and that at least two classes of mechanisms are associated with antenna to leg transformation: one comprises global mechanisms that permit transformation over approximately 24 hr; the second class of mechanisms act very locally and are responsible for changes in dose response on the order of 4-8 hr.
Animals↗
Unmeasurable relaxin concentrations in repeated pregnancies after embryo transfer.
Unmeasurable serum relaxin concentrations were found in repeated serum samples taken during two subsequent pregnancies in a woman pregnant after in vitro fertilization in artificial cycles. Despite the absence of relaxin both pregnancies were carried out normally until term except for symptoms of pelvic girdle relaxation. Labour induction was attempted at term as placental insufficiency was suspected. However, the cervical score remained unfavourable and Cesarian section was performed. In the second pregnancy elective Cesarian section was performed due to mild preeclampsia. This case indicates that relaxin may not be important for either suppression of myometrial activity or pelvic girdle relaxation during human pregnancy.
Adult↗
Relaxin is not related to symptom-giving pelvic girdle relaxation in pregnant women.
BACKGROUND: The pregnancy associated hormone relaxin induces loosening of the pelvic ligaments in several species. This study was undertaken to evaluate whether pregnant women with symptom-giving girdle relaxation had increased serum relaxin concentrations during pregnancy. METHOD: Serum relaxin concentrations were measured in 38 pregnant women with symptom-giving pelvic girdle relaxation at the time of diagnosis, in the 30th and 38th week of pregnancy as well as 2 and 6 months after delivery. Fourteen pregnant women without symptoms served as a control group. Relaxin concentrations were measured by a homologous enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay. All participants were clinically examined including tests for symptom-giving pelvic girdle relaxation. RESULTS: No differences in serum relaxin concentrations were found throughout pregnancy and after delivery. CONCLUSION: The present results do not suggest an important role for relaxin in symptom-giving pelvic girdle relaxation during human pregnancy.
Chronic Disease↗
Synthesis of an AZT-HEPT hybrid and homologous AzddU derivatives.
3'-Azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridines 6 and their corresponding alpha anomers 5 were synthesized by condensation of silylated 6-alkyl and 5,6-dialkyl substituted uracils 2 with methyl 3-azido-5-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-2,3-dideoxy-alpha, beta-D-erythro-pentofuranoside (4). Compounds 5 and 6 were treated with tetrabutylammonium fluoride to obtain the deprotected nucleosides 7 and 8, respectively.
Antiviral Agents↗
Time- and concentration-dependent response of the Drosophila antenna imaginal disc to Antennapedia.
The response of the antenna imaginal disc to ectopic Antennapedia gene expression was explored in a heat shock Antennapedia (hsAntp) transgenic strain and in strains doubly transgenic for hsAntp and downstream enhancer trap targets. The distal to proximal changes in morphological transformation in response to Antennapedia product at different developmental stages were correlated with changing expression patterns of transgene targets from antenna to leg-like patterns. Dose-response studies indicated changing thresholds of response to Antennapedia. At particular stages and doses of Antennapedia product, cell differentiation of leg bristles was uncoupled from transformation of the third antennal segment to tarsus. The results suggest that determination for bristle type does not depend on a prior determination decision for organ type. The results also provide an avenue for exploring the nature of "competence" at cellular and molecular levels.
Animals↗
Magnetic circular dichroism studies on Vaccinium myrtillus cationic peroxidases.
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Cells, Cultured↗
Synthesis of 3'-O-(2-aminoethyl)-2'-deoxyuridines.
Methyl 2-deoxy-3-O-[2-(formylamino)ethyl]-5-O-trityl-D-erythro- pentofuranoside (4) was obtained in a 3-O alkylation reaction by treatment with 2-chloroethylamine in DMF. Compound 4 afforded alpha nucleosides as the main products when condensed with uracils under the Vorbrüggen conditions. The nucleosides were deblocked by treatment with 80% acetic acid and subsequently with sodium methoxide in methanol.
Animals↗
[Partial versus total meniscectomy. A prospective, randomized study].
Two hundred patients with a meniscus lesion were peroperatively allocated to partial or total meniscectomy. The results were compared at one year and at 6.3-9.8 years (median 7.8). After one year, more patients with partial meniscectomy (90%) than with total meniscectomy (80%) had no complaints (p = 0.029). At the late review these figures were 62% and 52% respectively (p = 0.18). However, patients with partial meniscectomy had the highest functional scores. In five percent knee joint function had improved and in 35% deteriorated, in the latter group without detectable difference between partial and total meniscectomy. The incidence of lateral laxity rose from eight to 47%, most frequently seen after total meniscectomy. During the observation period radiological signs of knee joint degeneration changed from solely joint line narrowing into additional ridge formation and flattening of the femoral condyle, but unrelated to whether partial or total meniscectomy had been performed. Following partial meniscectomy posterior horn lesions had the poorest functional outcome, but only if more than one third of the meniscal surface had been removed. The amount of meniscal tissue excised was inversely correlated to the level of knee joint function except in bucket handle lesions treated with partial meniscectomy. These lesions had the largest areas of meniscal tissue removed, but higher functional scores than posterior horn lesions. Preservation of the peripheral rim of the meniscus following partial meniscectomy was essential for the functional outcome after surgery.
Adolescent↗
A comparative study of the influence of tolfenamic acid (Clotam) and diclofenac sodium (Voltaren) on the gastrointestinal mucosa in patients with a history of NSAID-related dyspeptic symptoms.
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
Vaginal application of lactobacilli in the prophylaxis of recurrent lower urinary tract infection in women.
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether vaginal application of Lactobacillus casei v. rhamnosus reduces the reinfection rate in cystitis-prone women. DESIGN: A controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. SETTING: Division for General Practice, University of Bergen, Norway. INTERVENTION: Vaginal application of lactobacilli twice weekly. SUBJECTS: 47 women, aged 18-50 years, reporting three or more episodes of distal urinary symptoms during the previous 12 months, of which at least one episode had been medically verified as a lower UTI. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The incidence rate of lower UTI during 6 months' follow-up. RESULTS: No difference in infection rate between the two groups; the incidence rate ratio between the treatment group and the placebo group was 1.41 (95% confidence interval 0.88-1.98). Lactobacilli were not found more frequently periurethrally in the treatment group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: It is still uncertain whether vaginal application of lactobacilli reduces the infection rate in cystitis-prone women.
Adolescent↗
Dietary arachidonate enhances tissue arachidonate levels and eicosanoid production in Syrian hamsters.
Eicosanoids are oxidative derivatives of arachidonic acid. When produced in excess many of them are proinflammatory agents. This study investigates whether dietary arachidonic acid enhances arachidonic acid phospholipid content of various tissues and whether this enrichment increases eicosanoid production. Male Syrian hamsters were divided into four groups and fed diets supplemented with ethyl esters of oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid or eicosapentaenoic acid. Differences in the composition of the phospholipid fatty acids were monitored in liver, lung, heart, spleen, kidney, testes, macrophages and platelets. In all tissues analyzed, the phospholipid content of arachidonic acid was significantly higher in the arachidonic dietary group compared with all other dietary groups (average > 50% higher). In contrast, increasing dietary linoleic acid by 50% had little effect on altering tissue arachidonic acid levels. Following in vitro stimulation, macrophages and platelets from animals maintained on arachidonic acid produced, in general, the highest levels of eicosanoids compared with cells from animals fed the other diets. Significant differences were observed in prostaglandin E2 (macrophages) and thromboxane B2 (platelets) formation when compared with the oleic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid dietary groups. The data demonstrate that including low to moderate levels of arachidonic acid in the diet increases macrophage and platelet arachidonic acid levels and may augment eicosanoid production.
Analysis of Variance↗