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Biomedical subjects

E Larsen

Publications and source records attributed to E Larsen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The long term outcome of open total and partial meniscectomy related to the quantity and site of the meniscus removed.

Two hundred patients were randomly selected for either a partial or a total meniscectomy for a meniscal tear during open operation. They were followed for a median of 7.8 years after operation. After partial meniscectomy, posterior horn tears had the worst outcome, but this was only apparent when more than two-thirds of the meniscus had been removed. The amount of meniscal tissue excised was inversely related to the function of the knee, except with bucket-handle tears treated by partial meniscectomy. Patients with bucket-handle, anterior and posterior horn tears had similar functional results after total meniscectomy. Preservation of the peripheral rim of the meniscus following partial meniscectomy produces the best functional results.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1992

Partial versus total meniscectomy. A prospective, randomised study with long-term follow-up.

Two hundred patients with a meniscal lesion were peroperatively allocated to partial or total meniscectomy in a random manner. The results were compared at one year and at 6.3 to 9.8 years (median 7.8). After one year more patients with partial meniscectomy (90%) than with total meniscectomy (80%) had no complaints. At the later review these figures were 62% and 52%, respectively (p = 0.18). However, patients with partial meniscectomy had higher functional scores. The deterioration in function between the first review and the second showed no significant difference in the two treatment groups. The incidence of mediolateral instability rose from 8% to 47% and was more frequent after total than after partial meniscectomy. Between the two reviews the radiological signs of knee degeneration increased with no difference between the two treatment groups.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1991

113Cd-NMR investigation of a cadmium-substituted copper, zinc-containing superoxide dismutase from yeast.

113Cd nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to investigate the metal binding sites of cadmium-substituted copper, zinc-containing superoxide dismutase from baker's yeast. NMR signals were obtained for 113Cd(II) at the Cu site as well as for 113Cd(II) at the Zn site. The two subunits in the dimeric enzyme were found to have identical coordination properties towards 113Cd(II) at the Zn site when no copper is coordinated at the Cu site, and when Cu(I) or Cd(II) is coordinated, were found to be very small indicating that 113Cd(II) must be bound to the same number and type of ligands in both cases. Furthermore, the spectra show that the rate of exchange of protein-bound 113Cd(II) and free 113Cd2+ is slow on the NMR time scale also at the Cu site. The present study suggests an explanation for the discrepancy in the literature regarding 113Cd-NMR investigations of bovine superoxide dismutase.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1991

Tensile and compressive properties of cancellous bone.

The relationship between the mechanical properties of trabecular bone in tension and compression was investigated by non-destructive testing of the same specimens in tension and compression, followed by random allocation to a destructive test in either tension or compression. There was no difference between Young's modulus in tension and compression, and there was a strong positive correlation between the values (R = 0.97). Strength, ultimate strain and work to failure was significantly higher in tensile testing than in compressive testing.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Trichinella pseudospiralis overcomes innate resistance of the Chinese hamster to Trichinella spiralis.

Infectivity of Trichinella pseudospiralis in Chinese hamsters was greater than that of Trichinella spiralis. Concurrent infection with these two species of parasite was accompanied by an increase in infectivity of T. spiralis. The infectivity of T. pseudospiralis, but not that of T. spiralis, was significantly influenced by host age. Regardless of host age, T. pseudospiralis was more infective for the Chinese hamster than was T. spiralis. Early during infection, enteritis (myeloperoxidase activity) in hamsters infected with T. pseudospiralis alone was significantly less than that seen in animals infected with T. spiralis alone or with both species concurrently. Myositis in hamsters infected with T. pseudospiralis alone was significantly less on days 14, 17 and 25 post-infection (p.i.) than that observed in concurrently infected or T. spiralis-infected animals. On days 11 and 14 p.i. inflammation in diaphragm muscle from concurrently infected hamsters was significantly less than that seen in animals infected with T. spiralis alone. Muscle histology supported these chemical data on myositis. Suppression of the host inflammatory response against early muscle-stage larvae of T. pseudospiralis underlies the greater infectivity of this parasite for the Chinese hamster.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Elemental composition of airborne dust in the Shale Shaker House during an offshore drilling operation.

During 2 days of an offshore drilling operation in the North Sea, 16 airborne dust samples from the atmosphere of the Shale Shaker House were collected onto filters. During this operation, drilling mud composed of a water slurry of barite (BaSO4) together with minor amounts of additives, among them chrome lignosulphonate and chrome lignite, was circulated between the borehole and the Shale Shaker House. The concentration of airborne dust in the atmosphere was determined and the elemental composition of the particles analysed by both PIXE (proton-induced X-ray emission) and ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry). The total amount of dust collected varied from 0.04 to 1.41 mg m-3 with barium (Ba) as the single most abundant element. The open shale shakers turned out to be the major cause of generation of dust from the solid components of the drilling mud.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1991

Tension-band wiring of olecranon fractures with nonsliding pins. Report of 20 cases.

Twenty consecutive patients with displaced fractures of the olecranon were operated on using the tension-band wiring technique with a nonsliding pin. The patients were followed until clinical and radiographic healing or removal of the implant. Healing was uneventful in 19 patients after a median of 6 weeks. Redislocation occurred in 1 patient with a severely comminuted fracture. The design of the nonsliding pin eliminates outward pin migration, as well as migration into the medullary canal.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

NMR, CD and MCD studies of vanadate-nucleoside complexes.

Complex formation between tetraoxovanadate(V) and each of the nucleosides adenosine, guanosine, cytidine and uridine has been studied in a constant salt medium at pH 7. 13C- and 51V NMR studies show that only complexes with the formula V2L2 (V = vanadate, L = nucleoside) are formed, and their formation constants have been determined. They have 51V NMR resonances around -523 ppm relative to VOCl3 and they exhibit no CD in the spectral region of the charge-transfer transitions. MCD spectra were also measured, and all experiments are in accord with a molecular structure composed by two edge-sharing VO6 octahedra forming an O4V(mu-O)2VO4 skeleton with each of the nucleoside ligands bridging the two vanadium centres through the ribose 2',3'-oxygens, which are the oxygens outside the V2O6 plane. Admixture of imidazole-HCl buffer at pH 7 gives rise to additional complexes of 1:1 stoichiometry. They have been characterized by 51V NMR and CD, and their formation constants are reported. Vanadate(V) and the deoxynucleosides deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine and thymidine form very weak complexes which cannot be detected by 51V NMR or CD under conditions for which vanadate and the nucleosides form complexes.

Circular Dichroism↗
PubMed1991

Peroneal muscle function in chronically unstable ankles. A prospective preoperative and postoperative electromyographic study.

In 33 patients with unilateral chronic ankle instability, peroneal muscle function was evaluated by surface electromyography (EMG) pre- and postoperatively. Twenty-six patients had a static reconstruction using the whole peroneus brevis tendon and seven patients had a dynamic one using only the anterior half of the tendon. At plantar flexion the peroneal EMG activity was markedly higher in men than in women, otherwise there were no differences between the sexes. Neither pre- nor postoperatively were there any significant differences between the patients' healthy and diseased legs. Postoperatively and after physiotherapy, there was a significant increased peroneal activity in both legs of the patients. The peroneal EMG activity was increased after operation, although the type of operation seemed to make no difference. A difference between the two types of reconstructions could only be shown at dorsal flexion, with the higher response in the dynamic reconstructed patients, because of the existing tension elicited of the remaining intact half tendon. This difference is probably not important for peroneal muscle function. Peroneal neuromuscular integrity was intact and independent of preoperative instability and the method of reconstruction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Angular remodeling of midshaft forearm fractures in children.

Thirty-six children treated for angulated midshaft forearm fractures were roentgenographically reexamined after a median time of four years (range, two to 5.8 years). The angulation of the fractures and epiphyseal plates was measured at the time of healing and at the follow-up examination. In children younger than 11 years of age, there was a significant correlation between fracture correction and change in epiphyseal plate angulation, with the highest degree of correction being 13 degrees. In children older than 11 years, no correlation was found, and the degree of fracture correction was unpredictable. The study points to an important influence of the epiphyseal plate on fracture remodeling, which decreases in late childhood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

PADGEM-dependent adhesion of platelets to monocytes and neutrophils is mediated by a lineage-specific carbohydrate, LNF III (CD15).

PADGEM (platelet activation-dependent granule-external membrane protein) is a leukocyte receptor of activated platelets that mediates cellular adhesion of platelets to neutrophils and monocytes. To identify the natural ligand on neutrophils and monocytes that interacts with PADGEM, we have evaluated anti-leukocyte antibodies for their ability to block leukocyte-PADGEM binding. Only anti-CD15 antibodies were able to inhibit the binding of neutrophils, monocytes, HL60 cells, and U937 cells to platelets. Anti-CD15 antibodies inhibited the binding of U937 cells to PADGEM-expressing COS cells and to purified PADGEM incorporated into phospholipid vesicles. The CD15 antigen, lacto-N-fucopentaose III (Gal beta 1----4[Fuc alpha 1----3]NAcGlc beta 1----3Gal-beta 1----4Glc), inhibited the interaction of neutrophils or HL60 cells with platelets, whereas lacto-N-fucopentaose I did not; lacto-N-fucopentaose II demonstrated minimal inhibition. Lacto-N-fucopentaose III, and to a lesser extent lacto-N-fucopentaose II, but not lacto-N-fucopentaose I, inhibited the interaction of HL60 cells with COS cells transfected with PADGEM cDNA. CD15, lacto-N-fucopentaose III or Lex, is a component of the PADGEM ligand on neutrophils and monocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Surgery only for the treatment of patients with stage I (Cassady) Wilms' tumor.

A prospective pilot study was undertaken to examine the outcome of patients with Stage I (Cassady) Wilms' tumor treated with nephrectomy only. Eight consecutive patients fulfilling the criteria for Stage I (Cassady) Wilms' tumor (age less than 2 years with unilateral, nonmetastatic, favorable histopathologic type, and tumor weight less than 550 g) underwent nephrectomy with no further therapy. All eight patients were alive and free of disease with a mean follow-up period of 5 years. There was one tumor recurrence that involved a metachronously occurring bilateral tumor. Overall survival (100%) and event-free survival (88%) were comparable with clinical trials in which patients received adjuvant therapy. Patients with Stage I (Cassady) Wilms' tumor can be successfully treated with nephrectomy alone, thereby eliminating the toxicity of adjuvant therapy.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Chromaffin cells express two types of insulin-like growth factor receptors.

The receptor binding, internalization and tyrosine kinase activation of insulin-like growth factors, IGF-I and IGF-II have been investigated in cultured adult bovine chromaffin cells. IGF-I receptor alpha-subunits (Mr approximately 130,000) bound IGF-I and IGF-II with identical affinity (Kd approximately 1 nM) and insulin with about 1000 times lower affinity. IGF-II receptors (Mr approximately 250,000) bound IGF-II with a Kd of 0.5 nM, IGF-I with about 10 times lower affinity and insulin with greater than 10,000 times lower affinity. The amounts of IGF-I and IGF-II receptors on the cell surface were 8 x 10(4) and 4 x 10(4) sites per cell, respectively. Insulin bound to a specific receptor with Kd approximately 2 nM and the amount of receptors was 1.5 x 10(4) sites per cell. IGF-I and IGF-II stimulated tyrosine kinase activity and autophosphorylation of the IGF-I receptor beta-subunit (Mr approximately 94,000) with equal potency (ED50 approximately 1 nM), whereas insulin was approximately 5 times less potent. Both IGF-I and IGF-II were internalized after their binding to cell surface receptors. Mannose-6-phosphate, which binds to the IGF-II receptor, did not alter the binding or internalization of IGF-II. It is concluded that IGF-I and IGF-II can exert their biological effects in chromaffin cells by activation of the IGF-I receptor tyrosine kinase or by interaction with the IGF-II receptor.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1990

Contact dermatitis from Naphthol AS.

Naphthol AS, a coupling agent in cotton dyeing, caused allergic contact dermatitis in 5 patients, sensitized from wearing a special kind of shirt. Patch tests with Naphthol AS and pieces of shirt were positive in all 5 patients. Analysis of 1 of the shirts revealed the presence of Naphthol AS. 1 patient with hand dermatitis and positive patch tests to Naphthol AS and nickel was a needlewoman, probably sensitized to Naphthol AS from occupational contact with clothes.

Clothing↗
PubMed1990

Effects of peripheral administration of naloxone on beta-adrenergic mediated responses.

A possible interaction between the opiate and beta-adrenergic systems in controlling body temperature, heart rate and water intake was investigated using adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Peripheral administration of isoproterenol (8 and 50 micrograms/kg, s.c.) produced significant elevations of heart rate and tail skin and colonic temperatures, respectively. Peripheral pretreatment with naloxone (1 mg/kg, s.c.) was without effect on these beta-adrenergic responses. Administration of isoproterenol (25 micrograms/kg, s.c.) produced a significant increase in water intake which was abolished by peripheral pretreatment with naloxone (1 mg/kg, s.c.). Previous studies have suggested that the dipsogenic response to isoproterenol is mediated through angiotensin II. In the present study the angiotensin II-induced (200 micrograms/kg, s.c.) dipsogenic response was abolished by naloxone pretreatment. However, pretreatment with an equimolar dose of naloxone methobromide, an opiate antagonist which does not cross the blood-brain barrier, was ineffective in altering the dipsogenic response produced by peripheral administration of either angiotensin II or isoproterenol. Collectively, the data suggest that opiates do not alter peripheral beta-adrenergic responses and that the blocking effects of naloxone on the isoproterenol-induced drinking response is mediated centrally and may be due to blocking angiotensin II dipsogenesis.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1990

Association of ankle instability and foot deformity.

95 patients operated on for chronic lateral ankle instability were compared for possible foot deformities with 34 normal persons. All the feet underwent a standardized radiographic examination. Measurements of three defined angles on a lateral nonweight-bearing radiograph indicated higher foot arches in the instability group than in the control group. Benink's tarsal index showed a higher frequency of cavovarus deformities in the instability group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Alterations in the longevity and fecundity of adult Trichinella pseudospiralis related to method of isolation of infective larvae.

The infectivity of Trichinella pseudospiralis infective larvae was reduced significantly following exposure to low pH or a combination of 1% pepsin at low pH compared to that for larvae isolated in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.0. Reduction of host gastric pH by administration to mice of sodium bicarbonate solution in PBS was accompanied by an increase in the infectivity of larvae isolated in 1% pepsin/HCl (P/HCl) compared to that for worms inoculated into hosts given PBS alone. Fewer adult worms developing from larvae isolated in P/HCl became established in the host small bowel than was seen with larvae isolated in PBS; moreover, the fecundity in vitro of adult worms developing from P/HCl-isolated larvae was reduced below that for adults developing from larvae isolated from host muscle in PBS. More adult worms were recovered following infection of immune hosts with PBS-isolated larvae than were recovered from immune mice challenged with larvae isolated in P/HCl. Similar findings were observed in mice immunized by infection with Trichinella spiralis and challenged with T. pseudospiralis larvae isolated in either P/HCl or PBS. Immunization of mice with T. pseudospiralis larvae isolated by either method and challenged with larvae of T. spiralis resulted in recovery of similar percentages of the challenge inoculum.

Animals↗