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Biomedical subjects

E Kessler

Publications and source records attributed to E Kessler.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Acquired cystic disease and tumors in kidneys of hemodialysis patients.

During the period 1975-81, autopsies were performed in 15 patients who had been treated by long-term hemodialysis and who had no clinical or family history of polycystic disease. Ten of the patients were found to have bilateral cystic disease of the kidneys. In 3 of the 10 patients with cystic kidneys, tumors were found: a solid tubular adenoma in one, multiple bilateral papillary adenomas in another, and clear cell tubular carcinoma in the third. Hemorrhages were not detected in any of the patients. The results of our study confirmed that patients on hemodialysis have a very high incidence of acquired cystic disease and are at high risk of developing neoplasms in their contracted kidneys.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

In vitro inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase by metal-chelating peptide derivatives.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase is a zinc metalloendopeptidase, probably responsible for the tissue destruction observed during infections with this organism. The elastase of a virulent Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain (Habs serotype 1) was isolated and found to have a molecular weight of 35,000; it readily degraded elastin and cartilage proteoglycans. A series of amino acid and peptide derivatives containing the metal-chelating moieties hydroxamate, phosphoryl, or thiol were synthesized and tested as potential inhibitors of the enzyme. Inhibition constants (K(i)s) for the compounds were determined with the chromophoric substrate furylacryloyl-glycyl-l-leucyl-l-alanine. The hydroxamic acid derivatives of benzyloxycarbonyl-glycine, benzyloxycarbonyl-l-leucine and benzyloxycarbonyl-l-phenylalanine had inhibition constants in the range of 11 to 28 muM. The 2-mercaptoacetyl derivatives of l-leucyl-d-phenylalanine and l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine had K(i) values of 34 and 1.5 muM, respectively, demonstrating the stereospecificity of the inhibition. The most potent inhibitors tested were 2- mercaptoacetyl-l-phenylalanyl-l-leucine and phosphoryl-l-leucyl-l-phenylala-nine (K(i) = 0.2 muM). Similar compounds lacking the metal-chelating moiety were about 3 orders of magnitude poorer inhibitors. When the inhibition of the enzyme activity towards azocasein, elastin, or cartilage was examined, inhibitor concentrations approximately 50-fold higher than the respective K(i)s were required to obtain 60 to 90% inhibition. Virtually complete inhibition was achieved with these substrates at inhibitor concentrations 500-fold higher than the respective K(i)s (0.1 to 14 mM). Although, 2-mercaptoacetyl-l-phenylalanyl-l-leucine and phosphoryl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine exhibited the same affinity to the enzyme, the latter was inferior in inhibiting cartilage proteoglycan degradation. 2-Mercaptoacetyl-l-phenylalanyl-l-leucine represents a class of potent elastase inhibitors that might prove useful in the management of P. aeruginosa infections.

Cartilage↗
PubMed1982

Growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and secretion of protease in the presence of the protease inhibitors.

The compounds benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-hydroxamate (Z-Leu-NHOH), benzyloxycarbonyl-glycyl-hydroxamate (Z-Gly-NHOH) and 2-mercaptoacetyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-leucine (HSAc-Phe-Leu) are potent inhibitors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase. The effect of these inhibitors on growth and protease secretion by the bacteria was studied under conditions where the organisms secrete elastase as the major proteolytic constituent. Z-Gly-NHOH and Z-Leu-NHOH inhibited bacterial growth and enzyme secretion by 40 and 30%, respectively, although the inhibition by Z-Leu-NHOH was expressed only when growth was in dialysed medium. Inhibition of growth by both compounds was first observed at the end of the logarithmic phase of growth, suggesting that these compounds are not toxic to the bacteria. HSAc-Phe-Leu did not inhibit growth or enzyme secretion. The level of HSAc-Phe-Leu in the medium decreased constantly during incubation, probably because of gradual oxidation of the -SH group. The rate of this decrease was markedly enhanced in presence of the bacteria, suggesting that HSAc-Phe-Leu is either consumed or destroyed by the organisms. We propose that the partial reduction of growth exerted by the hydroxamate derivatives is the result of inhibition of the extracellular proteases by these compounds. HSAc-Phe-Leu failed to inhibit growth because of its rapid loss during incubation with the bacteria. Since the three inhibitors have no antibacterial effects, their therapeutic potential should be examined in combination with antibiotics. Experimental treatment with HSAc-Phe-Leu should be frequent in order to overcome its loss in presence of the organisms.

Corneal Ulcer↗
PubMed1981

Nonruptured aortic aneurysms.

A retrospective study was undertaken of 221 nonruptured aortic aneurysms treated by operation during a 15 year period. The mortality was 6.3 per cent. Adverse prognostic factors were advanced age, large aneurysms and the presence of associated diseases. One hundred and eighty-eight of the patients were older than 60 years of age and 205 of the aneurysms were 7 centimeters or more in diameter, and associated disease, especially cardiorespiratory, was common. During the same period in which 105 patients with ruptured aortic aneurysms were surgically treated, the mortality was 58 per cent. All patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms had the aneurysms excised, unless there were severe contraindicating factors, such as a limited life expectancy.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

Abnormal chromosomal marker (D14 q+) in a patient with alpha heavy chain disease.

A patient with alpha heavy chain disease (alphaHCD), who showed an abnormal chromosomal marker (D14 q+) in 10% of the bone marrow cells, is described. The mesenteric lymph nodes, which showed reactive hyperplasia in the first biopsy, transformed later to a malignant lymphoma and finally to a plasma cell tumour. The small intestine revealed villous atrophy, diminished crypts, and intact surface epithelium. The ultrastructure of the goblet and epithelial cells appeared to be normal, and the microvilli were preserved except for circumscribed areas of destruction. The lamina propria was heavily infiltrated with mononuclear cells, mainly mature plasma cells. Alpha heavy chains (alphaHC) were found in the patient's saliva.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Ruptured aortic aneurysms.

A retrospective study of 105 patients with ruptured aortic aneurysms treated by surgery over a 15-year period was undertaken. The mortality rate was 58%. A high incidence of cardiorespiratory disease, delay in treatment caused by wrong diagnosis, and preoperative shock were some of the factors responsible. All patients with ruptured aneurysm were operated on, unless moribund. No patient was refused surgery because of age or concomitant disease, unless it seemed that life expectancy from such disease was short. During the same period, 221 patients had elective aneurysmectomies, with a mortality rate of 6.3%, indicating that, with a few exceptions, all abdominal aortic aneurysms should be resected.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

An anti-drooling operation in cerebral palsy.

Persistent drooling in cases of cerebral palsy can be successfully controlled by a combination of bilateral parotid duct translocation and bilateral submandibular gland excision. Ten children are described who underwent this operation with satisfactory results. Apart from mile transient postoperative swelling of the cheek, there have been no postoperative complications. The importance of bilateral submandibular gland excision is stressed and the operative details are described. These include elevating a flap of buccal mucosa distally from the orifice of the parotid duct and then burying this strip beneath the buccal mucosa posteriorly to emerge in the pharynx just above the tonsillar fossa. The edges are then sutured to the mucosa of the pharynx. In time the parotid secretions pass into the pharynx via the newly created tube of mucous membrane. The technique is simple and the end result is satisfactory.

Cerebral Palsy↗
PubMed1979

Upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy in chidren.

Fibre-optic endoscopy of the upper gastro-intestinal tract has been successfully performed in 55 patients (60 examinations) with one complication related to general anaesthesia. Fifty-six of these examinations were performed under general anaesthesia in children ranging from 1 to 14 years. Four examinations were done without an anaesthetic. The instruments used were the Olympus GIF-K (forward oblique gastroscope) in the older children and the GIF-P2 (end-viewing paediatric gastroscope) in the younger patients. Indications for examination included gastro-intestinal bleeding, confirmation or exclusion of peptic ulceration as suspected on barium studies, persistent and recurrent vomiting, chronic abdominal pain, and the evaluation of gastro-oesophageal reflux. The need for careful selection of patients is emphasized since general anaesthesia is considered essential in the majority of chidren.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Mesenteric venous thrombosis and oral contraceptives (author's transl)].

Primary mesenteric venous thrombosis seldom occurs in young women. As a complication of oral contraceptives it is uncommon as well. Based on an own observation (39 year old female patient) pathogenesis and problems in diagnosis of this aspect of thrombosis are discussed. Involvement of the veins being segmentary and peripheral, small bowel resection is the effective treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Physiological and biochemical contributions to the taxonomy of the genus Chlorella. XI. DNA hybridization.

1. DNA homology was studied in 12 Chlorella species. The DNA of 88 strains was hybridized with 3H-labelled DNA from C. fusca var. vacuolata 211-8 b and from C. vulgaris 211-8m. The results indicate that the genus Chlorella is a heterogenous taxon which consists of several groups of species. 2. The "C. fusca group" comprises C. fusca var. vacuolata, C. fusca var. rubescens, and C. zofingiensis. Within this group, C. zofingiensis appears to be more closely related to C. fusca var. vacuolata than is C. fusca var. rubescens. C. fusca var. fusca does not belong to this group of taxa. 3. The "C. vulgaris group" consists of C. vulgaris, C. sorokiniana, and C. saccharophila. There are several strains which seem to assume a position intermediate between C. vulgaris and C. saccharophila. C. protothecoides is not related to this group of species. 4. Several groups of strains of C. sorokiniana with different base compositions (guanine + cytosine content) of their DNA appear to belong to the same taxon. 5. In addition to C. fusca var. fusca and C. protothecoides, also C. luteoviridis, C. minutissima, C. kessleri, and C. homosphaera seem to have so little relationship with the other species that their assignment to the genus Chlorella appears questionable.

Chlorella↗