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Biomedical subjects

E Kemp

Publications and source records attributed to E Kemp.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Pinacidil--effects on function and perfusion of normal kidneys and renal xenografts.

Pinacidil is a new vasodilating compound claimed to increase renal perfusion and function. A preliminary study showed that pinacidil did not sustain renal perfusion through a period of increasing renal vascular resistance in pig-to-rabbit renal xenotransplantation. Accordingly, the effect of pinacidil on renal function in conscious catheterized rats was studied. Pinacidil 0.12-0.18 mg/kg i.v. caused a moderate reduction in mean arterial blood pressure (14-17 mmHg), a decrease in inulin and PAH clearances (50-65%), and sodium and water retention. The sodium clearance/lithium clearance ratio decreased, suggesting increased sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron during pinacidil administration. Thus the results are in accord with those obtained with several other vasodilators, but not with those obtained in mongrel dogs during pinacidil administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The role of chronic peritoneal dialysis in management of end-stage renal disease.

An analysis of the management of end-stage renal disease during a seven-year period from a nephrologic centre serving a population of about 1 million points to the increasingly important role of chronic peritoneal dialysis. Whereas peritoneal dialysis previously was used mostly on acute indications, it is now accepted as alternative long-term therapy on a par with haemodialysis. During the study period there was a rise in the total number of dialyses concomitant with lower frequency of renal transplantation. In the last year, however, a dialysis plateau seemed to be reached, and peritoneal dialyses amounted to about 30% of the total. The prospects for chronic peritoneal dialysis are discussed and the recently presented method of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is mentioned. A prominent place in the future management of end-stage renal disease is predicted for chronic peritoneal dialysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Pretransplant status of grafts and recipients. Treatment with dialysis and renal transplantation in diabetic nephropathy. Experiences through 11 years. Survival curves and causes of death.

An 11 year study is presented comprising 74 diabetic patients with terminal uraemia treated with dialysis and transplantation. The cumulative patient survival rate after one year is 45%. No difference is found between the survival rates of transplanted and dialysed patients. Sixty-six percent of the patients died from cardiovascular-, and 21% from infectious causes.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Cellular and renal toxicity of a urographic contrast medium used in high concentration in uremic patients.

The potential toxicity of the urographic contrast medium sodium iothalamate (Conray) has been tested after a bolus injection of 160 ml (66 g iodine) on patients with advanced renal insufficiency. Experiments were performed to investigate the effect of uremic plasma from 5 patients sampled before and after contrast injection on human mononuclear phagocytes cultured in vitro. To investigate the nephrotoxicity, endogenous creatinine clearance was measured before, during and after urography in 25 patients with advanced renal insufficiency (group 1) and in 9 transplanted patients with chronic kidney rejection (group 2). Uremic plasma did not exert further depressive effect on the mononuclear phagocytes after contrast injection when compared to normal plasma indicating no toxicity on this cell model. Neither did the contrast injection exert any depressive effect on creatinine clearance in any of the groups indicating no measurable nephrotoxicity. The urographic technique, particularly the control of fluid balance is found to be very important.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1980

Renal transplantation and cancer in the Scandiatransplant material.

Scandinavian material is presented, consisting of 3,875 transplanted patients and containing 128 patients in whom cancer was diagnosed. In a subgroup of 566 first-time transplanted Danish patients, there was a significantly increased incidence of tumours compared with the Danish population, a correlation between tumour frequency and mismatch in HLA-A and in HLA-B, a correlation to chronic interstitial nephritis, but no correlation to the occurrence of lymphocytotoxic antibodies or to sex difference between donor and recipient. In this material there is evidence indicating that the presence of constant stimulation by alloantigens leading to chronic immunostimulation, with possible loss of the suppressor function of lymphocytes towards the development of malignant tumours, is an important factor in the development of tumours in transplanted patients.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1980

Circulating immune complexes and crisis of rejection in renal transplantation.

The present study was conducted to assess whether immune complex (IC) activity, measured by a complement consumption assay (CC) could be used to indicate a forthcoming rejection crisis in the early phase after renal transplantation. Complement factor B and C4 determinations by immunoassays were performed also. Consecutive specimens were drawn from each patient (n = 14) from zero to nineteen days after transplantation. In seven of the fourteen patients elevated levels of IC activity were demonstrated prior to transplantation. About three weeks later only 2 of the patients had demonstrable IC in circulation. Activated factor B (B) was found in 11 of the patients just before transplantation; however, only three of the patients were factor B positive nineteen days later. During the same observation time ten of the patients (71%) had indication of one or several rejection crises. With a few exceptions only minor individual fluctuation in C4 serum-concentrations were seen. It is concluded that circulating IC occurred in a rather high percentage of patients with glomerulonephritis or pyelonephritis and that IC determination by the CC assay had no value in the prediction or diagnosis of rejection episodes following renal allotransplantation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Survival of discordant renal xenografts up to 3 days assessment of function, light and immunofluorescent microscopy.

This study concerns the pathology of renal xenografts with prolonged survival, achieved by administering Cobra venom factor. Rabbit kidneys transplanted to cats survived up to 72 hours after transplantation when Cobra venom was administered--whereas survival was only about 10 minutes in untreated animals. This marked prolongation of survival--apparently longer than has been reported previously--gave very favourable conditions for the study of morphological changes in the renal xenografts, and we are able to describe the pathology of xenografts after minutes, hours and days of function. There were two principal findings in the group of long-surviving kidneys: :1) immunereactants were only sparsely deposited. 2) the renal tubules were subject to extensive destruction, whereas the vessels were intact. Continuous urine and blood flow through the transplanted kidneys was seen despite morphological changes and deterioration of renal function.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The effect of cooling rate during perfusion on function and morphology of rabbit kidney grafts.

The effect of cooling of rabbit kidneys during the initial flush with Collins' solution for simple hypothermic storage was studied. After cooling at an average rate of 3.7 degrees C/min. graft function was found to be immediately life-sustaining, and renal morphology after perfusion as well as 30 min. and 24 hours posttransplant was found to be normal. Posttransplant function after cooling at a rate of 7.2 degrees C/min. was significantly lower, permitting survival of only 30% of recipient animals, and damage was seen in proximal tubular cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effect of pregnancy zone protein on leucocyte migration inhibition, lymphoycte transformation and rosette formation by lymphocytes.

Pregnancy zone protein from pregnancy serum and control preparations from male serum were tested in lymphocyte transformation tests, in a system for rosette formation by T and B lymphocytes and in leucocyte migration inhibition tests using PPD-induced inhibition. PZ-protein preparations caused a dose dependent inhibition of lymphocyte transformation after stimulation with PHA, PPD and MLC. Inhibition was most pronounced in the PHA-system. In the rosette tests there was a tendency for T lymphocytes to bind fewer SRBC after incubation with PZ-protein while no effect on B rosettes was observed. In contrast, PPD-induced inhibition of leucocyte migration was abrogated effectively by PZ-protein, but not by corresponding fractions from male serum.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1978

The effect of human serum on 3H-thymidine incorporation in human prostate tumors in tissue culture.

Human prostatic tumors, 4 adenomas and 4 adenocarcinomas, were established in tissue culture. We used the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into deoxyribonucleic acid as a measure of cell activity to compare the effects of supplementing the culture media with human or fetal calf serum. 3H-thymidine incorporation was greater with human serum, with up to 120 per cent increase observed. The addition of dihydrotestosterone (10(-8)M.) did not enhance or inhibit 3H-thymidine incorporation.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Immunosuppressive effect of human pregnancy zone protein on H-2 incompatible mouse heart allografts.

Human pregnancy zone protein (PZP) given intraveneously, significantly (p less than 0.001) prolonged the survival of heterotopic A/J heart transplants in A.CA recipients, compared to untreated control recipients, recipients treated with phosphate buffered saline and recipients treated with a control preparation from male serum. The results support the hypothesis that PZP protein exerts an unspecific immunosuppressive effect in vivo.

Animals↗