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Biomedical subjects

E Keller

Publications and source records attributed to E Keller.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Kinetics of ceftazidime during plasmapheresis.

The influence of plasmapheresis (PA) on the elimination kinetics of ceftazidime (Cef) has been investigated. A single dose of Cef was administered intravenously to 11 patients with autoimmune diseases and varying degrees of renal impairment (Group I CLCR less than 50 ml/min, Group II CLCR greater than 50 ml/min). In Groups I and II the mean total clearance of Cef (CL) was 30 and 116 ml/min-1, respectively. The elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) and the volume of distribution (V) were significantly higher in Group I than in Group II (11.9 vs 2.0 h, 27.1 vs 18.5 l). PA had no influence on the plasma level-time profile of Cef. The amount of Cef recovered from separated plasma accounted for only 2 to 9% of the administered dose, being particularly low in patients with normal renal function (4.6%). Thus, since elimination of Cef via PA is negligible, dosage calculations should be based solely on renal function.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Factors underlying tongue articulation in speech.

A factor analysis of 11 measures of lingual activity involved in the production of the syllable /ka/ showed that three factors can explain about 75% of the variance in the data. Measures of displacement and velocity loaded strongly on the first factor, durational measures loaded strongly on the second factor, and midsyllable durational and distance measures loaded on the third factor. This three-factor solution emerged from each of four conditions involving manipulations of speed of delivery and linguistic context. Canonical correlations showed that the best of four linear additive models involving 3 of the 11 variables was able to explain 45% of the variance in the remaining 8 variables. The three best predictor variables were (a) descending movement displacement, (b) linguo laryngeal movement onset delay, and (c) time to peak velocity for the ascending movement. It is argued that these variables represent the speech system's control over the articulatory distinction of different sounds, interarticulatory coordination, and, perhaps, rhythm adjustment, and that the first two factors correspond to central variables of breakdown in Broca's aphasia.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Characterization of DR blank alleles by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).

Using a combination of conventional DR serology and RFLP analysis of DR beta and DQ beta, we have been able to identify two different types of DR antigens which belong so far to the DR blank group. The antigen DR-LOT is found on a haplotype A29, Bw60, Cw3, DRblank, DRw52, DQw1. The DR beta-EcoRI RFLP pattern of this haplotype is different from the patterns observed for DR1, DR2, DR3, DR4, DR5, DRw6, DR7, DRw8, DRw9, DRw10, and appears to be composed of a combination of DR2 and DRw6. The DQ beta-EcoRI pattern shows that this haplotype carries the DQw1 split DQR2.6. The second DR blank antigen which we found in a total of five individuals (three unrelated persons and two parents) on B35 positive haplotypes is characterized by a DR beta-EcoRI RFLP pattern indistinguishable from DR1 and by negative reaction with anti-DR1 sera. This antigen appears to be identical to what has been described by Cambon-Thomsen et al. (1986) and Bidwell et al. (1985) as HLA-DR-BON and DR"BR" respectively. We have demonstrated that this antigen is in strong linkage disequilibrium with the DQw1 split DQR1.

Alleles↗
PubMed1987

[Infection of the CNS caused by Listeria monocytogenes].

This report examines two cases of infection of the central nervous system by Listeria monocytogenes (L.m.). Both cases show that listeriosis is not only a differential diagnosis of purulent meningitis, but can also be the cause of an isolated brain stem syndrome with normal cerebrospinal fluid cell count. The prognosis depends crucially on the early antibiotic therapy (ampicillin). The first patient was a chronic alcoholic. He died of fulminant septic shock and meningitis with brain stem encephalitis (cell count of cerebrospinal fluid: 10500/microliters). L.m. was isolated from blood cultures and from cerebrospinal fluid. The second patient had no indications of preexisting immunological disorder. Two days after perianal injections for haemorrhoids, symptoms of a progredient brain stem syndrome developed. The cell count of cerebrospinal fluid was only 10/mu, but L.m. was isolated from blood cultures. The patient died of circulatory failure. At autopsy, a brain stem encephalitis and cerebellitis with inflammation of the surrounding leptomeninx was identified.

Cerebral Ventricles↗
PubMed1987

Single-dose response kinetics of cyclosporine.

Cyclosporine (Cy) dose-response kinetics were studied in 8 renal failure patients awaiting kidney transplantation. All patients received a single oral dose of Cy (7 mg/kg). Blood samples were drawn frequently before and until 4 days after Cy administration. Cy blood levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). OKT3-induced in vitro proliferation of simultaneously isolated lymphocytes was determined by H3-thymidine incorporation. T cell subpopulations were enumerated using a peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Mean Cy blood level reached its peak (Cmax = 1,466 +/- 186 ng/ml) at 4 to 6 hours, the elimination half life (t1/2) measured 31 +/- 7.2 hours. The T4/T8 cell ratio did not change during the study, the total numbers of T3, T4 and T8 positive lymphocytes showed well known circadian variations without an apparent influence of Cy. There was a strong relationship between Cy blood levels and the inhibition of in vitro lymphocyte proliferation (y = 21.1 -0.007x, r = -0.91, p less than 0.001). With decreasing Cy blood concentrations the proliferative potency of lymphocytes was restored without delay in time. In conclusion circulating T cell subpopulations are not influenced by a single dose of Cy, the strong correlation between drug levels and the inhibition of lymphoproliferation suggest that RIA derived Cy blood concentrations are a valuable tool for estimating immunosuppression.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Cholesterol ester storage disease and sea-blue histiocytes].

A case of cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD) was found by liver biopsy in a 5-year-old boy. Hepatosplenomegaly, varying elevations of serum transaminases and hyperlipoproteinemia, type IIb, were detected clinically. The liver tissue was yellow. The cytoplasm of hepatocytes and Kupffer cells was foamy. In frozen sections these cells stained with dyes and histochemical methods for neutral lipids, unsaturated lipids, and cholesterol, but not with dyes for phospholipids and glycosaminoglycans. Under polarized light a large quantity of birefringent storage material was visible. We determined the lipid composition histochromatographically and found a very substantial increase in cholesteryl ester content and a moderate increase in triglycerides compared to control liver tissue. These findings are in agreement with our former case of CESD (1979). But in contrast to the liver tissue of the first patient there was more pronounced hepatic periportal and intralobular fibrosis in the second case. Remarkable amounts of ceroid storing histiocytes, so called "sea-blue histiocytes" were visible within the fibrous tissue. The granules of these cells stained with dyes for neutral lipids, phospholipids, glycosaminoglycans, and sea-blue with Giemsa in both frozen sections and paraffin-embedded liver tissue. They showed a yellow autofluorescence and were partly birefringent. Ceroid is believed to be the product of lipid peroxidation, binding to protein and polymerization. Therefore we suggest an additional deficiency of tissue antioxidants at the storage sites in such cases of CESD and this may potentiate liver fibrosis.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1986

[Regional chemotherapy of liver metastases of colorectal carcinoma using implanted gas pressure pumps. Results of a prospective phase II study].

22 patients with liver metastases of colorectal carcinomas were given floxuridine infusions into the hepatic artery using a totally implantable pump system (Infusaid, model 400). The course of the disease was compared to that of 22 untreated controls matched for age, sex, extent of metastatic disease and performance status. No therapy-related mortality was observed in the treatment group, morbidity was 37%. Response rate was 77% based on CEA decrease by more than 33% after 6 months, and 64% related to a more than 50% reduction in metastasis size. Median survival time was 10 months in the control group as compared to 26 months in the therapy group; the one-year survival rate was 37.5% and 88%, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The association of rhinoviruses with lower respiratory tract disease in hospitalized patients.

An analysis of 32 hospitalized infants and children from whom rhinoviruses were isolated in our diagnostic laboratories in 1982-83 suggests that these agents are associated with lower respiratory tract disease with focal findings in susceptible patients. In 23 cases, an acute lower respiratory disease was the cause for admission, while nine patients were cultured after new respiratory symptoms developed during hospitalization. Presenting signs and symptoms included cough (23), fever (19), rhinorrhea (19), respiratory distress (14), and decreased feeding (15). Seventeen of 25 chest x-rays showed new focal abnormalities. Twenty-five patients had a significant underlying disease including seven with malignancies, six with respiratory tract abnormalities, and four with congenital heart lesions. Six of the remaining seven patients were less than 2 1/2 months of age. In no cases were significant bacterial or fungal pathogens isolated; two did have concomitant viral isolates. Rhinoviruses in the appropriate clinical setting are associated with significant pulmonary disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Ceftriaxone pharmacokinetics during peritoneal dialysis.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneally (IP) administered ceftriaxone (CRO) in patients maintained on chronic peritoneal dialysis. A single 2 g dose of CRO was administered IP to six adult patients who did not have peritonitis at the time of study. After a 5 hour dwell, the peritoneal fluid was exchanged with CRO-free fluid. Exchanges were carried out every 4 to 8 h, over a 24- to 28-h period. The peak total plasma CRO concentration was 104 micrograms/ml. An average of 74.1% of the IP dose of CRO was absorbed. Plasma protein binding was nonlinear; mean free fraction ranged from 12.8 to 17.9% at low and high concentrations. Dialysate concentrations at the end of subsequent exchanges ranged from means of 19.9 to 2.9 micrograms/ml. Total CRO clearance from plasma was 10.1 ml X kg-1 X h-1 and the mean terminal t 1/2 was 12.7 h. Dialytic clearance averaged 0.69 ml X kg-1 X h-1, only 6.9% of total clearance. A model which incorporates known characteristics of CRO binding and distribution in anuric patients was used to simulate plasma and peritoneal concentrations of CRO during multiple dose IP drug administration.

Adult↗