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Biomedical subjects

E Kaufman

Publications and source records attributed to E Kaufman.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Intraligamentary--intraosseous anesthesia. A radiographic demonstration.

Intraligamentary dental anesthesia has become a widely accepted technique. The periodontal ligament seems to provide easy access to the tooth apex. In the present study, radiopaque material was injected into baboon monkeys. Serial radiographs during incremental injections showed clouding of the crestal bone. The material was seen gradually advancing through the alveolar bone crest, apically. The spread was noticed through the marrow spaces, unexpectedly avoiding the PDL route.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1982

[Treatment of anxiety with bromazepam in clinical practice (author's transl)].

In this co-operative study 50 patients of both sexes, aged from 18 to 66 years and suffering from neurotic anxiety with functional symptoms were treated with bromazepam (Lexomil) alone for 28 days. With daily doses averaging 6 to 9 mg, good or excellent results were obtained in 78% of the cases, including 58% of somatic cures. Assessment of the anxiety, carried out on days 0, 14 and 28 with the Pull-Guelfi and Hamilton scales, showed optimal response on the 14 th day of treatment in ambulatory patients. Side-effects mostly consisted of sedation which regressed spontaneously or after dosage was reduced.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

A modern approach to prevention and treatment of oral bleeding in patients with hepatocellular disease.

Dental treatment for patients with hepatocellular disease constitutes a very complex problem because of their severe bleeding tendency. It seems that bleeding from the oral structures follows organ-specific patterns. The use of systemically administered antifibrinolytic agents, together with the local use of Gelfoam, cyanoacrylate spray, and intraligamentary anesthesia make possible bleeding-inducing procedures without exaggerated hemorrhage. This approach avoids the need for transfusion and hospitalization for dental treatment, making such treatment cheaper and more accessible.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The relationship of alcoholism and alcohol abuse to the abuse of other drugs.

The abuse of drugs by alcoholics, the abuse of alcohol by drug abusers, the prevalence of alcohol abuse in polydrug clients, and the role of alcohol as a steppingstone are examined quantitatively over the past decade. The increase of drug abuse by alcoholics and the increase of alcohol abuse and alcoholism by polydrug abusers is documented. This is accounted for mainly by an increase of drug abuse in younger and/or female alcoholics. The abuse of alcohol by heroin addicts has also increased, particularly when heroin purity diminishes and when these clients cycle through methadone maintenance. However, much of the alcoholism in these patients began prior to the onset of heroin use and dependence. Methods of treatment modifications necessary to deal with problems presented by these combinations are discussed.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1981

The extraneural distribution of gamma-hydroxybutyrate.

gamma-Hydroxybutyrate has been found to be widely distributed in both neural and extraneural tissues in the rat. The kidney and brown fat have more than 10 times higher concentrations of gamma-hydroxybutyrate than does the brain. This observation suggests that gamma-hydroxybutyrate may participate in the metabolism of many organs, and that GABA may not be the precursor in extraneural tissues.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1981

Family structures of narcotic addicts.

Seventy-five families of former narcotic addicts were studied in New York City and Los Angeles. All patients were in residential treatment at the time of the study and they and their families participated in a multiple family group which was the major source of data. The most common familial pattern seen was that of a mother enmeshed with her addicted son. The father feels excluded by this dyad and reacts with disengagement, brutality, or increased consumption of alcohol. However, in certain ethnic groups the entire family including the father is quite enmeshed with each other and their addict sons. Siblings were either fellow addicts whose drug abuse is fused with that of the identified patient or, to the contrary, "good' children who were parental figures and quite successful. Addict spouse pairs tend to duplicate patterns which they have developed in their family of origin. Male addicts frequently dominate their addicted or drug-free spouse to assure themselves of being cared for. The female addict population in this study was too small (N = 16) for generalization but observed patterns are discussed.

Dependency, Psychological↗
PubMed1980

The violation of psychiatric standards of care in prisons.

The author evaluated psychiatric care in three U.S. prison systems. Major problems included limitations imposed by prison architecture, inadequate staff, medication prescription and distribution by unlicensed, untrained personnel, and a punitive rather than therapeutic attitude. Following the standards of care recommended by American Correctional Association would correct most of these problems. Psychiatrists should guard against prescribing unnecessary medications, particularly minor tranquilizers and sedatives, and should be concerned with prison conditions conductive to mental illness, particularly overcrowding, abuses of solitary confinement, and inadequate programs for inmates who are mentally disturbed but not overtly psychotic. The author recommends minimum staffing standards and suggests considering the transfer of mentally ill inmates to appropriate psychiatric hospitals outside the prison system.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1980

Myth and reality in the family patterns and treatment of substance abusers.

Family therapy has become an increasingly important modality in the treatment of substance abuse over the past decade. As knowledge of family patterns and therapy in this area has increased, many myths have evolved. This article examines these myths and presents the realities as perceived by the author at this time.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1980

Self-destructive behavior patterns in male and female drug abusers.

One hundred and fourteen male and female drug abusers were interviewed regarding their histories of self-destructive behaviors. The data were analyzed to determine if, and identify what, differences existed between males and females with respect to types and extent of self-destructiveness. The analyzed data indicate that male and female drug abusers present very different self-destructive portraits. These portraits and their component parts are presented along with possible explanations for the differences. The paper also presents some of the differences between drug abusers and the general population with respect to self-destructiveness.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1979

The right to treatment suit as an agent of change.

Right to treatment suits can serve as agents of change in the standards and function of psychiatric institutions. The author evaluated five state psychiatric institutions as an expert witness in right to treatment suits. He found that changes for the better were made in most of these institutions as a result of the suit, whether it was settled or unsettled. Although he enumerates the problems caused by such suits, he concludes that they can be a positive force for improving mental health care.

Expert Testimony↗
PubMed1979

The therapeutic community and methadone: a way of achieving abstinence.

The combination of a therapeutic community (TC) and gradual methadone detoxification of 3 to 4 months to treat long-term methadone patients is described. Most patients have done poorly on methadone and come only after serious drug and alcohol abuse or criminal behavior. An individualized treatment plan is implemented which includes individual, group, and family therapy; psychotropic drugs; blind methadone detoxification, and the techniques used in contemporary TC's. Of 215 admissions, 44% have been fully detoxified from methadone over an average of 3 1/2 months (94 patients). Of 94 patients detoxified, 20 (21%) returned to methadone treatment elsewhere and 15 (16%) stayed on such treatment.

Adult↗