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Biomedical subjects

E Johansson

Publications and source records attributed to E Johansson.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Plasma insulin and C-peptide in relation to glucose intolerance in middle-aged men.

The relation between glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion (immunoreactive insulin and C-peptide) was studied in middle-aged males matched for age and body weight. Subjects with mild type II diabetes mellitus were compared to normals and to individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). In addition, the diabetics were subdivided according to duration, some of the subjects having recently deteriorated from IGT status. In the IGT individuals, there were no indications of a reduction in basal or glucose-induced insulin output. On the contrary, data indicate somewhat higher than normal secretion. Within the type II diabetics, those of short duration were largely similar to normals, whereas diabetes of longer duration was associated with some diminution in indices of B cell secretion. The data support the notion that a deficient insulin output is not a primary pathophysiological event in the development of type II diabetes.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Classification of human cancer cells by means of capillary gas chromatography and pattern recognition analysis.

The metabolic profiles of brain biopsies obtained at surgery were recorded using capillary gas chromatography (GC). About 160 peaks were seen, of which 105 were used for data analysis. Three classes of brain tissue were examined: normal cerebral cortex, pituitary tumours and " brain" tumours. Pattern recognition analyses of the GC profiles using the SIMCA multivariate programme clearly resolved normal brain tissue from the tumours. Subclassification of the different tumours was more difficult, probable because the number of samples in each tumour class was too small. High-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis separated the brain biopsies into several hundred different proteins. The combined use of the latter technique and capillary GC-mass spectrometry and pattern recognition analyses gives the possibility of the classification of diseased cells based solely on differences in their biochemical compositions.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

Contraception with subcutaneous capsules containing ST-1435. Pituitary and ovarian function and plasma levels of ST-1435.

An RIA for a new progestin, ST-1435, was developed. Plasma concentrations of this steroid were measured in three women having three subcutaneous capsules, each containing 40 mg of ST-1435. Pituitary and ovarian functions were assessed by measuring plasma levels of LH, FSH, estradiol and progesterone. Plasma profiles of ST-1435 were characterized by high and irregular peaks all the way through the study period of 7-9 months. Concentrations below 100 pg/ml were not observed, whereas the highest peaks reached concentrations of 10.1 ng/ml. Plasma estradiol concentrations remained uniformly suppressed below 100 pg/ml, thus indicating a suppression in follicle development. As judged by constantly suppressed progesterone concentrations, no ovulations occurred during the treatment. Plasma FSH concentrations remained at the upper limit of the follicular phase, and those of LH at the lower limit of the luteal phase of the normal menstrual cycle. No midcycle gonadotropin peaks were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Polymorphic acetylator phenotype and systemic lupus erythematosus.

Out of 69 patients with spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), phenotyped for polymorphic acetylation with sulphadimidine, 52 (75%) were slow acetylators. In the subgroup of SLE patients with chronic biologically false positive seroreactions for syphilis the percentage of slow acetylators was even higher, 88%. In the majority of the slow acetylators the disease had started later and had followed a milder course than in rapid acetylators. Cutaneous reactions suspected to be drug-induced were seen in 19 (17 slow acetylators) during an observation period of 3--7 years. The reactions were mostly of exanthematous or urticarial type but also fixed type of eruption was seen. Provocation tests with the suspected drug were performed in 14 patients. In 5 cases it could be demonstrated that the eruption was caused by the drug. The predominance of slow acetylators among our patients with spontaneous SLE was the same as has been observed in drug-induced SLE. This suggests a similar genetic background.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1981

Effects of sulfonylurea on the secretion and disposition of insulin and C-peptide.

In an attempt to examine the influence of sulfonylurea on the secretion, disposition and effect of insulin, 9 diabetic patients were studied during three one-month medications with (a) chlorpropamide (t1/2 greater than 24 h) once daily, (b) glipizide (t1/2 2-4 h) once daily, and (c) glipizide in divided dosage. The food intake of each patient was identical during each examination period. Blood concentrations of C-peptide, insulin, glucose, and drugs were determined before and after breakfast and lunch on the 4th day of each examination period. As expected, once-daily administration of glipizide led to higher after-breakfast concentrations of the drug than when the dose was divided. However, the C-peptide changes following breakfast were similar both during these two treatments and also during chlorpropamide, indicating that the amounts of insulin released from the pancreas were equivalent. In spite of this, glipizide once daily yielded 60-70% more insulin in systemic blood following breakfast than did the two other treatments. Reasonably, this signifies that the hepatic extraction of insulin was reduced during once-daily glipizide, allowing more insulin to reach systemic circulation. In addition, this was found to promote a more effective utilization of glucose following breakfast. Following lunch, the C-peptide release, the plasma insulin increase and the blood glucose reduction were greater when glipizide was given in divided dosage than when once-daily glipizide or chlorpropamide was employed. This occurred even though the after-lunch concentration of glipizide in systemic blood was lower rather than higher during divided than during once-daily administration. This supports the notion that the effect of orally administered sulfonylurea is determined not only by its concentration in systemic blood but also by its gastroenterohepatic appearance. Glipizide may offer greater therapeutic flexibility than chlorpropamide, but further studies are required to define the optimum choice and use of sulfonylureas.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Clinical and experimental evaluation of the thromboprophylactic effect of hydroxychloroquine sulfate after total hip replacement.

The rate of postoperative deep vein thrombosis was studied by the 125I-fibrinogen method in 35 patients after total hip replacement. 12 out of 18 patients treated prophylactically with hydroxychloroquine sulfate developed deep vein thrombosis compared with 11 out of 17 patients in the control group. Platelet aggregability was inhibited in vitro by high concentrations of hydroxychloroquine sulfate, but these concentrations were not obtained in vivo and platelet aggregation was not limited in patients treated with hydroxychloroquine sulfate (Plaquenil).

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Pharmacokinetics of medroxyprogesterone acetate administered by oral and intramuscular route.

The present study was undertaken to elucidate: 1) The relationship between plasma concentration of medroxyprogesterone-acetate (MPA, ClinovirR, Depo Provera, Upjohn) administered both orally and intramuscularly. 2) The relation between dose and plasma concentration of MPA. Nineteen patients entered the study. In each patient the plasma concentration was monitored after the administration of a single oral and one intramuscular dose of MPA at the following dosage levels: 100 mg (5 patients), 400 mg (5 patients), 800 mg (5 patients) and 1 200 mg (4 patients). The interval between the oral and i.m. administration was 1 week. The results show: 1) A very large interindividual variation in plasma concentration. 2) An increase in plasma concentration after both oral i.m. dose. 3) After the i.m. administration, plasma levels remained steady or increased slightly throughout the test period. 4) After the oral administration the concentration increased rapidly to reach a peak by 2-7 hours, subsequently decreasing. Peak concentrations were 2-10 times higher than after i.m. administration. 5) Over the test period, the plasma concentration x time (0-168 h) is similar in the two modes of administration.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1980

Comparative pharmacokinetics of medroxyprogesterone acetate administered by oral and intramuscular routes.

The present study was undertaken to elucidate (1) the relationship between plasma concentration of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA; Clinovir) administered by the PO and the IM routes; and (2) the relationship between dose and plasma concentration of MPA. Nineteen patients entered the study. In each patient the plasma concentration was monitored after a single PO and IM administration of MPA at the following dose levels: 100 mg (5 patients), 400 mg (5 patients), 800 mg (5 patients) and 1,200 mg (4 patients). The time interval between PO and the IM administration was 1 week. The results show (1) a very large interindividual variation in plasma concentration; (2) increasing plasma concentration with both PO and IM dose; (3) after the IM administration plasma levels are steady or increase slightly within the test period; (4) after the oral administration the concentration increases rapidly to reach a peak before 2-7 h and subsequently decreases again, peak concentrations being 2-10 times higher than after IM administration; and (5) within the test periods the plasma concentration x time (0-168 h) is comparable with the two methods of administration.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1980

Neutrophil chemotaxis induced by anaerobic bacteria isolated from necrotic dental pulps.

Anaerobic bacteria belonging to the species Bacteroides melaninogenicus, Bacteroides asaccharolyticus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and Eubacterium alactolyticum, isolated from necrotic dental pulps, were tested for their capacity to induce neutrophil leukocyte chemotaxis. Generation of chemotactic factors in serum by whole bacterial cells and chemotaxis induced by bacterial extracts were studied in vitro by the Boyden technique. Subcutaneously implanted wound chambers in guinea pigs were used for testing leukocyte migration in vivo. All bacterial strains had a similar high capacity to induce neutrophil chemotaxis. The heavy accumulation of polymorhponuclear neutrophil leukocytes associated with clinical and experimental infections by B. melaninogenicus or B. asaccharolyticus cannot be ascribed to any extreme ability of these organisms to generate chemotactic factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

PUVA treatment for alopecia areata.

41 patients with severe alopecia areata were treated with either local or oral 8-methoxypsoralen and UVA irradiations. In 26 cases (73%) a good to excellent result was obtained. The number of irradiations required for regrowth varied but 20--40 treatments were sufficient in most cases with a positive response. Patients with circumscribed or ophiasic alopecia responded better than patients with total or universal alopecia, atopy or a family history of alopecia did not seem to influence the outcome of the treatment. The age of onset of the disease seemed to be of importance as well as the duration of the treated attack. Patients over 20 years at the first attack of alopecia showed a better response than patients with an earlier onset of the disease. During a follow-up period of 6--12 months of 20 successfully treated patients only 2 had a recurrence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Classification of fungi by means of pyrolysis-gas chromatography-pattern recognition.

Repetitive samples of three strains of the mould Penicillium were subjected to pyrolysis-gas chromatography (Py-GC). From the chromatograms, 26 peak heights were used in a subsequent SIMCA pattern recognition analysis. This data analysis gives a marked improvement in the classification of the samples (100% correct, 85% unique) in comparison with the traditional analysis based on the average chromatogram of each class (92% correct, 45% unique). The data analytical method is described in detail using the Py-GC data as an illustration.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1979

Social adaptation in juvenile diabetes.

A sample of 36 juvenile diabetics, age 19--28 years, and with a duration of diabetes of 14--17 years were interviewed with regard to their social adaptation. Five patients could not be traced and six patients did not want to participate. Educational and professional careers were normal. However, none had received individual diabetes-oriented vocational guidance. A majority of patients was unsatisfied with the information given at the diabetic clinics, and a negative attitude towards society and its institutions was common. Patients often felt that as children they had been neglected by the diabetic team, while their parents received all information. It is concluded that diabetic children and adolescents require continuous socio-psychological support, that psychologists and/or social workers should be permanent members of the diabetic teams, and that paediatricians should follow diabetic patients until they are fully grown up.

Adolescent↗