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Biomedical subjects

E Johansson

Publications and source records attributed to E Johansson.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Elevated granulocyte strontium in inflammatory arthritides is related to the inflammatory activity.

Total cellular strontium and calcium were measured by the nuclear microprobe technique. Increased mass fraction of both elements was found in granulocytes isolated from patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and other kinds of inflammatory arthritides. Increased granulocyte calcium but only marginally elevated granulocyte strontium was demonstrated in patients with scleroderma. The granulocyte accumulation of strontium and calcium seems to be linked to the degree of inflammatory activity, because the granulocyte content of both elements was positively correlated to the plasma concentration of acute-phase proteins. Corticosteroid therapy induced a marked reduction of granulocyte strontium but a more modest decrease of granulocyte calcium. The serum levels of strontium and calcium were within the normal ranges in all patients and were not significantly altered by corticosteroids.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Treatment of alopecia areata with three different PUVA modalities.

Seventy-six patients with severe alopecia areata were treated with either local or oral 8-methoxypsoralen and UVA irradiations. In 43 cases (57%) a good-to-excellent result was obtained. The number of irradiations required for regrowth varied, but 20-40 treatments were sufficient in most cases with a positive response. Patients with circumscribed or ophiasic alopecia responded better than patients with total or universal alopecia. Non-atopic patients responded better than patients with atopy, while a family history of alopecia areata did not seem to have any significance on the outcome of the therapy. The age of onset of the disease seemed to be of importance, as well as the duration of the treated attack. Patients over 20 years old at the first attack showed a better response than patients with an earlier onset of the disease. During a follow-up period of 6-68 months, 22 of 43 successfully treated patients had a relapse.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Cohort study of oestrogen treatment and the risk of endometrial cancer: evaluation of method and its applicability.

A Swedish study of the risk of endometrial cancer associated with oestrogen treatment was started in 1977. A prospective design was chosen and a cohort of 23,233 women receiving oestrogen medication was collected over a three-year period. Cohort members were recruited on the basis of prescription forms for oestrogens produced by all 120 pharmacies in a defined geographical region, resulting in comprehensive coverage of that region. A questionnaire study of a random sample (1/30) of the cohort permitted mapping of confounding factors, estimation of drug compliance and detailed characterization of oestrogen and progestagen exposures. Efficient follow-up of the cohort members was achieved by linkage of identity numbers of cohort members and those of all incident cases of endometrial cancer in the region. The expected outcome was calculated on the basis of accumulated person-years of observation in the entire cohort - and in subgroups - and age-specific incidence rates of endometrial cancer in the reference population. The present design may be generally useful for post-marketing studies of the association between drug use and side-effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Auditory brainstem responses in childhood psychosis.

Auditory brainstem responses were compared in 24 autistic children, 7 children with other childhood psychoses, and 31 normal children. One-third of the autistic children showed abnormal ABR indicative of brainstem dysfunction and correlating with muscular hypotonia and severe language impairment. The children with other psychoses and the normal children showed normal results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Changes in plasma zinc and urinary excretion of zinc after operation with extracorporeal circulation.

Sixteen adults undergoing cardiac surgery were studied with respect to postoperative levels of zinc in plasma and urinary excretion of zinc. The preoperative plasma concentrations of zinc were normal. On the first postoperative day the mean for the series had fallen from 15 to 7.2 mumol/l. A gradual rise followed, and on the fifth day all patients had plasma zinc above the lower limit of normal range. The urinary excretion of zinc was significantly increased on the first, second and fifth days after surgery. The mean total of zinc in the urine during five days was 67 mumol. The short-term fall in plasma zinc level had no discernible effect on wound healing. It was therefore apparently harmless and did not indicate a need for zinc supplementation.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Missing cruciate ligament in congenital short femur.

We are reporting six cases of congenital absence of one or both cruciate ligaments of the knee in patients with mild proximal femoral focal deficiency. Three patients had considerable laxity of the knee with a positive anterior and posterior drawer sign. Three patients had an isolated anterior drawer sign without posterior instability. Radiographic examination showed changes in the tibial spine in all affected knees. Arthroscopic examination showed complete absence of both cruciate ligaments in all three patients who had the combined sagittal laxity. The three patients with anterior laxity alone had no vestige of an anterior cruciate ligament. None of the patients in our study had any arthroscopic or important radiographic signs of osteoarthritis. One patient was followed until she was sixty years old. Her case suggests that knee instability may persist without causing osteoarthritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Fanconi's anemia. Tumor-like warts, hyperpigmentation associated with deranged keratinocytes, and depressed cell-mediated immunity.

A 27-year-old man had had Fanconi's anemia (FA) for 20 years. The patient had pancytopenia, retarded growth, hypogonadism, and chromosomal aberrations. He had freckle-like and darker pigmented macules scattered on his chest, shoulders, upper part of the back, and hips, with interspersed, hypopigmented areas. Biopsy specimens taken from both the hyperpigmented and hypopigmented spots showed a derangement of keratinocytes and nuclear abnormalities, more notable on sun-exposed skin sites. The patient also had numerous tumor-like, recalcitrant, viral warts. Immunologic studies showed normal humoral immunity, but there was evidence of depressed cell-mediated immunity. We speculate that the chromosomal aberrations, the depressed cell-mediated immunity, and the increased frequency of malignant neoplasms known to occur in patients with FA also reflect changes related to an increased susceptibility to viral infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Skin response to intradermal DNA and RNA in systemic lupus erythematosus.

The local response of 18 patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus to 0.1 ml of intradermally injected 0.1% polymerized calf thymus DNA and synthetic double-stranded polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid was studied. In 14 patients positive for DNA, 61 +/- 8% of the inflammatory cells in the subepidermis at 24 hours were acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase-positive T lymphocytes. A leukocytoclastic vasculitis was observed in the deeper dermis. Rheumatoid arthritis patients and acne patients had negative responses. These results indicated an abnormal cellular and humoral in vivo response by patients with systemic lupus to DNA. It is suggested that the epidermal Langerhans cells were responsible for the topographic dichotomy of the local DNA response. Test results were positive for polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid in 12 patients, for DNA in 14 patients, and for both in 9 patients. In the 9 patients with positive results for both tests, comparison of responses to each test indicated that the reaction intensity was dependent on the patient and not on the type of polynucleotide acid that was injected.

DNA↗
PubMed1982

Influence of sulfonylureas on the secretion, disposal and effect of insulin.

The influence of sulfonylurea on the secretion, disposal and effect of insulin was studied in 9 Type 2 diabetics during 3 one-month courses of treatment with a) chlorpropamide (t1/2 greater than 24 h) once daily, b) glipizide (t1/2 = 2-4 h) once daily, and c) glipizide in divided doses. Food intake by each patient was identical during each period. Blood concentrations of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and C-peptide (radioimmunoassays), and of glucose (enzymatic assay), chlorpropamide (gas chromatography) and glipizide (high-pressure liquid chromatography) were determined before and after breakfast and lunch on the 4th day of each examination period. All comparisons were intraindividual. Despite the lunch-time dose of glipizide given during the divided dose treatment, once-daily administration of this drug led to higher drug concentrations not only after breakfast but also for the first few hours after lunch. Divided dosage, on the other hand, led to higher concentrations later. In contrast to once-daily dosage, continuous exposure to glipizide was found in most patients. Chlorpropamide gave the most continuous sulfonylurea exposure. The blood glucose levels were inversely related to the concurrent sulfonylurea concentrations; glucose levels after breakfast and lunch were lowest during once-daily glipizide, whereas the fasting level was lowest during chlorpropamide treatment. The IRI response to breakfast was 60%-70% higher during once-daily glipizide than during the other two treatments but the C-peptide responses to breakfast were almost identical. Thus, the greater after-breakfast availability of peripheral insulin appeared to be due to an effect of glipizide on the extrapancreatic disposal of the hormone.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Bactericidal effect of pooled human serum on Bacteroides melaninogenicus, Bacteroides asaccharolyticus and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.

Bacteria belonging to the species B. melaninogenicus ss. melaninogenicus (two strains), B. melaninogenicus ss. intermedius (five strains), B. asaccharolyticus (seven strains), and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (four strains) were tested under anaerobic conditions for their sensitivity to the bactericidal effect of pooled human serum. The A. actinomycetemcomitans strains were not killed to any extent by the serum. Both B. melaninogenicus ss. melaninogenicus strains were killed by serum. The sensitivity to serum among the strains of B. asaccharolyticus and B. melaninogenicus ss. intermedius was diverse. There was no correlation between the sensitivity to serum among the strains and the levels of specific antibodies in the serum. The bactericidal activity of serum was only effective if the complement system was present in serum. All strains initiated activation of complement and binding of a C3 component to the cell surface both in normal and MgEGTA chelated serum. The possible role of serum bactericidal activity in the pathogenesis of oral infections is unclear.

Actinobacillus↗