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Biomedical subjects

E James

Publications and source records attributed to E James.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Evaluation of a comprehensive algorithm for blunt and penetrating thoracic and abdominal trauma.

The objective was to develop a single branched-chain decision tree for both blunt and penetrating thoracic and abdominal trauma and to test its feasibility to track clinical decisions. The algorithm consisted of 14 specific patient management loops and 31 decision nodes. During a 4-month period, the management decisions and clinical course of 434 trauma patients were prospectively observed. Thirty-four patients had no signs of life on arrival to the emergency department (ED) and were excluded from the statistical evaluation; the remaining 400 patients constituted the study group. The mean Injury Severity Score (ISS), Penetrating Abdominal Trauma Index (PATI), and Trauma Score (TS) scores in the series were 21 +/- 10, 34 +/- 12, and 13 +/- 3. The overall patient mortality of the study group was 17 per cent; it was 61 per cent in those patients with major deviations from the algorithm and 6 per cent in patients who complied with the algorithm. The ISS, PATI, and TS scores were 29 +/- 9, 32 +/- 12, and 13 +/- 2 in patients with deviations and 20 +/- 10, 37 +/- 12, and 14 +/- 2 in patients who complied with the algorithm. Of the 37 patients who died with major deviations from the algorithm, the deviation was directly contributory to death in 21 cases (57%) and probably contributory in another 14 cases (38%). There were 108 patients with ISS scores between 20 and 50. In this group, mortality was 55 per cent when a major deviation occurred and 5 per cent without major deviations from the algorithm. The authors conclude that the survival of trauma patients may be improved by following the specific management criteria outlined by the algorithm.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1989

Uptake of 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine by 6-23 rat medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Uptake of 131iodine-metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) by 6-23 rat medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), was studied in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, there was an 8-fold increase in 131I uptake by 6-23 cells when labeled with 131I-MIBG (131I 24 +/- 15 cpm/10(6) cells, 131I-MIBG 196 +/- 9 cpm/10(6) cells). MIBG uptake in vitro was the same at 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C. In contrast, 131I-MIBG uptake by PC-12 rat pheochromocytoma cells were 200 times greater (131I-MIBG 42,412 +/- 6,755 cpm/10(6) cells). 131I-MIBG uptake by rat MTC cells in vitro were of a comparable magnitude to the uptake of 131I-MIBG by rat ileal enterochromaffin cells (RIE-1) and mouse colon cancer cells (MC-26). In vivo, uptake of 131I-MIBG by 6-23 MTC tumor was considerably less than in the normal tissues (muscle, liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal and thyroid). Gamma camera studies of 131I-MIBG uptake by 6-23 MTC tumors growing in Wag-Rij rats were only transiently positive in 1 out of 4 rats studied. We conclude that 131I-MIBG is poorly taken up by rat medullary thyroid carcinoma and is an unpredictable marker for localization of rat MTC.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1989

A prospective one-year study evaluating the clinical outcome of recipients of living donor kidneys treated with cyclosporin and azathioprine.

Thirty recipients of living related donor kidneys treated either with cyclosporin or azathioprine were evaluated clinically and functionally in a 1-year prospective study. Only the azathioprine group showed either accelerated or chronic rejection (one patient each). The azathioprine patients had higher rate of infectious episodes (P = 0.05), leukopenia (P = 0.003) and steroidal side-effects (P less than 0.007). During the early post-transplant period the renal functional performance was the same in both groups. Afterwards, however, the plasma creatinine was higher in the cyclosporin group (P less than 0.01). Mean arterial pressure remained similar throughout the study in both groups. The anaemia correction was similar in both groups but the haematocrit was greater in the cyclosporin-treated subjects (P less than 0.005).

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The concepts of wrongful birth and wrongful life and their relation to medical imaging.

Although often used interchangeably, "wrongful birth" and "wrongful life" are distinct legal concepts. Wrongful birth involves the physician's duty to impart to expectant parents information about potential fetal defects. Wrongful life suits reflect the child's right to recovery for life-long suffering as a result of the physician's inadequate pre- or peri-natal care. Modern medical imaging techniques can play a major role in the diagnosis of interuterine malformations; this article explores the legal duties which may be imposed upon physicians who interpret such tests.

Child Advocacy↗
PubMed1988

Inhibition of human gastric adenocarcinoma xenograft growth in nude mice by alpha-difluoromethylornithine.

We studied the effect of inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis by alpha-difluoromethylornithine on the growth of a human gastric adenocarcinoma (CLEES) xenotransplanted in nude mice. CLEES is a well-differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma of the intestinal type. The doubling time has ranged from 7 to 10 days through 11 passages. Electron microscopic and immunohistochemical studies comparing the original tumor and xenotransplants showed similar structure and similar amounts of carcinoembryonic antigen. Polyamine biosynthesis is required for cell division. alpha-Difluoromethylornithine inhibits ornithine decarboxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis. In this study, 48 athymic mice were used in two experiments. In the first experiment, two groups of 12 mice each were inoculated with CLEES tumor cells and received either tap water or a 3% alpha-difluoromethylornithine solution as drinking water. Tumor size was measured twice weekly. Tumor size was significantly decreased from controls by the fourth week of treatment and at all points of analysis thereafter for 7 wk. In the second experiment, alpha-difluoromethylornithine significantly reduced tumor concentrations of the polyamines putrescine and spermidine. In addition, the tumor content of DNA was significantly reduced in treated mice (0.64 +/- 0.16 mg) compared to controls (4.76 +/- 0.92 mg). Our data suggest that inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis may be a useful component of multidrug chemotherapy for human gastric adenocarcinoma. Establishment of tumor lines such as this gastric adenocarcinoma will facilitate further studies on the biological behavior of human gastric cancer and its response to chemotherapeutic manipulation in vivo.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Systemic mastocytosis and mastocytosis-like syndrome: radiologic features of gastrointestinal manifestations.

Mastocytosis is a disorder of unknown etiology characterized by an abnormal proliferation of tissue mast cells, and/or by degranulation of abnormally behaving mast cells that show no proliferation, but release myriad active metabolites. This results in a wide spectrum of signs and symptoms that fluctuate considerably. The presently available diagnostic tests vary in their specificity and sensitivity. We have evaluated the role of radiologic studies in 78 confirmed cases of systemic mastocytosis and/or mastocytosis-like syndrome, including barium meal and small bowel follow-through (UGI-SBFT).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Effects of cyclosporin A and alpha-difluoromethylornithine on the growth of hamster pancreatic cancer in vitro.

The growth and survival of hamster H2T pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in vitro are known to be significantly reduced by inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis. alpha-Difluoromethylornithine (alpha-DFMO) is a specific and irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis. alpha-DFMO treatment inhibits the growth of H2T pancreatic cancer cells and decreases H2T cell survival in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, the effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) were examined on growth, survival, and polyamine levels in H2T pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in vitro. CsA had inhibitory effects on H2T pancreatic cancer growth similar to those of alpha-DFMO; these effects were blocked by the addition of the polyamine putrescine. Polyamine levels were found to be significantly altered in cells treated with CsA and/or alpha-DFMO. The combination of CsA (8.3 X 10(-4) mM) and alpha-DFMO (0.5 mM or 1.0 mM) inhibited H2T cell survival to a greater extent than either agent alone. These results suggest that CsA in combination with other agents that inhibit polyamine synthesis may be useful for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Identification and characterization of fragments of major glycoproteins from platelet membrane after chymotrypsin treatment.

Human platelets were surface-labeled by the periodate/NaB3H4 method or by lactoperoxidase-catalysed iodination with 125I. The labeled platelets were treated with chymotrypsin under conditions known to give platelets which aggregate with fibrinogen without stimulation with ADP. Platelets and supernatant were then analysed by various gel electrophoretic techniques including isoelectric focusing/sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing or non-reducing conditions and two-dimensional non-reduced/reduced sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by fluorography or indirect autoradiography. Chymotrypsin-treatment of surface-labeled platelets degraded the major glycoproteins Ib, IIb and IIIa but also GP120(4.9-5.4), GPIc and GPV. The membrane-bound fragments of GPIb, IIb and IIIa could be identified and also the supernatant fragments of GPIb and GPV. GPIIIa was also cleaved within a loop structure formed by disulfide bond(s). The fact that remnants of both GPIIb and IIIa are left on chymotrypsin-treated platelets which aggregate spontaneously with fibrinogen may indicate that a complex formed by these remnants constitutes the fibrinogen-binding site on platelets.

Adult↗