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Biomedical subjects

E J Ford

Publications and source records attributed to E J Ford.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Liquid flow and capacity of the caecum and colon of the horse.

The rate of flow of fluid from the caecum and from the large colon was measured in four Shetland-type ponies fed a hay diet. In two ponies with cannulas in the caecum and at the origin of the right ventral colon, a continuous intracaecal infusion of a solution of chromium EDTA was used and samples were obtained from the cannula at the origin of the right ventral colon. Based on four determinations, the liquid flow from the caecum was 54.2 +/- 1.89 litres d-1. In the other two ponies with cannulas in the origin of the right ventral colon and near the end of the right dorsal colon, a continuous infusion of chromium EDTA was made into the right ventral colon and samples were obtained from the right dorsal colon. The flow rate towards the end of the dorsal colon was 49.4 +/- 1.25 litres d-1, based on four determinations. The capacities of the caecum and large colon after death were 7.0 +/- 0.8 and 17.7 +/- 3.7 litres, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The activity of diagnostic enzymes and the concentration of lipids in the blood vessels of cattle.

Blood vessel walls are shown to contain creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and aspartate transaminase activity. The activity of these enzymes in the serum may be enhanced by leakage from damaged blood vessels. The activity of the enzymes alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase as well as the content of triglycerides, cholesterol and lipoproteins are very low in the vascular tissue and are unlikely to be of diagnostic value in vascular tissue injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Further studies on the diagnostic value of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and 5'-nucleotidase in cattle, sheep and horses.

The distribution of 5'-nucleotidase (5'-NT) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) is similar in the tissues of the sheep, calf and horse, except that there is relatively less gamma-GT in calf liver than in the liver of the other two species. The liver lesion produced by the oral administration of chloroform is similar in the three species and is accompanied by the release of 5'-NT into the plasma of the sheep and calf but not of the horse. Conversely, gamma-GT is released into plasma of the horse but not of the sheep or calf. This difference is not related to the tissue distribution of the two enzymes. The kidney lesion in sheep produced by the intravenous administration of mercuric chloride is accompanied by a reduction in the rate of excretion of an injected dose of inulin and by an increase in the concentration of urea in plasma and in the activity of gamma-GT in plasma and urine. There was no increase in 5'-NT activity in plasma or urine.

5'-Nucleotidase↗
PubMed1987

The effect of induced liver, kidney and lung lesions on the toxicity of levamisole and diazinon in calves.

Liver damage in calves, produced by the oral administration of the flukecide, carbon tetrachloride, increased the toxic effect of diazinon but not of levamisole, whereas the presence of a renal tubular lesion caused by mercuric chloride enhanced the toxicity of both commonly used anthelmintic compounds. The toxicity of diazinon was increased in calves with a lung lesion caused by oral dosing with tryptophan, an agent implicated in 'fog fever' of cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effect of pretreatment with hepatic microsomal enzyme inducers on the toxicity of diazinon in calves.

The pretreatment of calves with a single dose of 10 mg kg-1 dieldrin or 21 daily doses of 10 mg kg-1 phenobarbitone increased the toxicity of diazinon as reflected by the development of more severe clinical signs and greater depression in whole blood cholinesterase activity in the pretreated calves. Induction by dieldrin or phenobarbitone of the hepatic microsomal enzyme amidopyrine-N-demethylase was also accompanied by a concurrent rise in the liver carboxylesterase activity.

Aminopyrine N-Demethylase↗
PubMed1985

Gluconeogenesis from caecal propionate in the horse.

The production of propionate in the caecum of the horse has been measured in two Shetland-type ponies fitted with caecal and colonic cannulas and fed on hay or on hay and wheat bran. A continuous intracaecal infusion of 14C-labelled sodium propionate was used and samples were obtained from a cannula at the origin of the right ventral colon. A simultaneous intravenous infusion of [2-3H]glucose was used to measure total glucose entry. On a hay diet which provided 177 kJ/kg body-weight per d, mean caecal propionate production was 19.6 (range 17.2-21.2) mg/h per kg body-weight and on a hay and wheat bran diet, which provided 187 kJ/kg body-weight per d, mean caecal propionate production was 34.0 (range 28.9-38.3) mg/h per kg body-weight. Mean total glucose production (mg/h per kg body-weight) in one pony was 104 (range 100-110) and in the other 135 (range 123-153). Rates were not influenced by diet. About 7% of total glucose production was derived from propionate produced in the caecum and this percentage was unaffected by diet or by individual animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Distribution of 5'-nucleotidase in the tissues of sheep and the effect of kidney and liver lesions on the activity of the enzyme in plasma and urine.

The distribution of 5'-nucleotidase (5'-NT) activity in the tissues of the sheep differs from that of gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT). Nevertheless, both enzymes are released into the plasma of sheep which have been infected with Fasciola hepatica or in which the bile duct has been ligated. In a sheep dosed with sporidesmin, a fungal toxin which damages the biliary tract, there was an increase in GGT activity in the plasma and urine but no change in 5'-NT activity. Neither enzyme was released into the plasma or urine of sheep dosed with carbon tetrachloride. In sheep with renal tubular necrosis and hepatocellular necrosis caused by dosage with hexachlorobutadiene, both enzymes were released into the plasma, and GGT, but not 5'-NT activity was found in urine. In sheep with tubular necrosis of the kidney caused by the administration of mercuric chloride, GGT activity, but not 5'-NT, increased in the plasma and urine.

5'-Nucleotidase↗
PubMed1981

Distribution of 5'-nucleotidase and gamma glutamyl transferase activities in the tissues of the horse.

In the horse, 5'-nucleotidase (5'-NT) activity is found mainly in homogenates of lung, kidney, small intestine, mammary gland, liver and pancreas. Lower activities are present in brain and muscle. Activity can be demonstrated histochemically in the glomeruli and tubules of the kidney, in the sinusoidal borders of the hepatocytes and the bile duct epithelium as well as in the blood vessels of all organs. There is no significant difference between the 5'-NT activity in serum and plasma of normal horses and of horses suffering from a range of orthopaedic conditions. Previous findings that gamma glutamyl transferase activity is greatest in kidney and high in liver and pancreas have been confirmed.

5'-Nucleotidase↗
PubMed1979

The effect of triamcinolone acetonide on plasma glucose and ketone concentration and on the total entry rate of glucose in twin pregnant hypoglycaemic ketotic sheep.

Hypoglycaemic ketosis clinically resembling pregnancy toxaemia was induced by starvation in Clun Forest sheep pregnant with twins. Total glucose entry was measured by the continuous infusion of trace amounts of (2-3H) glucose before and after the induction of ketosis and 24 h after the intramuscular injection of the ketotic sheep with triamcinolone acetonide (0.5 mg/kg). The concentration of glucose in plasma fell significantly after the induction of ketosis and rose significantly after the injection of steroid. The total entry rate of glucose fell significantly after the induction of ketosis and rose, but no significantly, after steroid injection. It is suggested that the dose of steroid which was used may inhibit glucose utilisation by peripheral tissues. The induction of ketosis significantly reduced the duration of pregnancy but the steroid injection did not produce a significant additional effect.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1978

1alpha hydroxycholecalciferol in the prevention of milk fever.

During the 12 months commencing July 1976 the animals in a herd of 400 Friesian cows which were carrying their second or later calf were injected intramuscularly with either microgram of 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol in 5 ml aqueous carrier or with 5 ml of carrier. The injections were randomised so that 135 of the 269 injected cows received the drug and 134 received the carrier solution. Ten of the experimental group (7.4 per cent) and 22 of the control group (16.4 per cent) had to be treated for milk fever, (P less than 0.08). The protective effect was greatest, (P less than 0.001), when the cows calved between one and eight days after injection of the drug.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The effect of ragwort (Senecio jacobea) on the liver of the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) : a histopathological and enzyme histochemical study.

1. Twenty-five 1-week-old male chicks were fed for 6 weeks on a standard diet incorporating 7% dried and ground ragwort (Senecio jacobea). The chicks received the standard diet for a further 6 weeks whilst a control group of 25 similar birds received the standard diet throughout. 2. Two birds from each group were killed at intervals of about 1 week and their livers were examined histologically and histochemically. 3. Ragwort feeding caused megalocytosis, focal necrosis, focal hyperplasia and portal fibrosis. There were no veno-occlusive changes. 4. As the lesion progressed there was an overall loss of enzyme activity especially in the areas of necrosis. The groups of small hyperplastic cells showed normal or increased activity and there was increased enzyme activity in the megalocytes. 5. The development of groups of proliferating cells may be a prelude to the neoplastic changes described in earlier reports of longer term studies of the effects of pyrolizidine alkaloids on the liver of chicks.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗