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Biomedical subjects

E Hartmann

Publications and source records attributed to E Hartmann.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

A preliminary study of the personality of the nightmare sufferer: relationship to schizophrenia and creativity?

Through psychiatric interviews and psychological tests the authors studied 38 adults who reported experiencing at least one nightmare per week. Nearly all of the subjects had a lifelong history of frequent nightmares. Four of the subjects met DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia, 9 met the criteria for borderline personality, and 6 met the criteria for schizotypal personality. The others had no specific diagnosis, and none of the subjects had a diagnosis of typical neurosis. Many had mentally ill relatives. Most had artistic interests and talents. These nightmare sufferers may be seen as unusually vulnerable, with a potential for mental illness--especially schizophrenia--as well as a potential for artistic achievement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Investigation of mesopic vision and sensitivity to glare by means of the new "nyktometer" (author's transl)].

In addition to photopic visual acuity both mesopic vision and sensitivity to glare play an important role in road traffic safety. It is known since the comprehensive investigations by Harms and Aulhorn that mesopic vision and sensitivity to glare are subjected to interindividually different changes with increasing age. 350 persons divided into three age groups were tested with a recently developed "Nyktometer" in order to gain some information about the influence of age on mesopic vision and sensitivity to glare. The results clearly show that both mesopic vision and visual performance in the presence of glare are strongly reduced with increasing age.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Influence of luminous intensity, contrast and color on vision in patients with slight to severe visual defects (author's transl)].

Visual acuity was measured as a function of illuminance (1X; illumination vertical from above) or luminance (cd/m2; illumination of transparent texts from below) for various pathologic alterations of the eye accompanied by a decrease in visual performance (myopia magna with/without retinopathia myopica, astigmatism, senile cataract, aphakia after congenital cataract, macular degeneration, glaucoma etc.) with positive and negative contrast of reading texts. The degree of visual acuity in relation to illuminance or luminance is characteristic for each ocular disease, so that individual adjustment of illumination at the place of work is called for. Visual acuity is not measurably influenced by the color of the light used. Under directed illumination three-dimensional perception is independent of the angle of illumination; under diffuse illumination perception is drastically reduced.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Biochemical Characterization of an Acetylcholine-hydrolyzing Enzyme from Bean Seedlings.

An acetylcholine hydrolyzing enzyme was prepared and purified (40 times) from dwarf bean hypocotyl hooks. The purity of the enzyme was proved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be 65,000 daltons. Enzyme activity was the highest at pH 8.0 and between 30 and 36 C. The enzyme had an apparent affinity constant (K(m)) for acetylcholine of 460/micromolar. The affinity for substrate analogs increased from butyrylthiocholine to propionylthiocholine to acetylthiocholine. The enzyme activity was inhibited by choline, neostigmine, physostigmine, manganese, and calcium. Magnesium had no influence on the enzyme activity. We conclude that the enzyme from dwarf beans is an acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7).

Journal Article↗
PubMed1980

Treatment of sinusitis and otitis media with pivampicillin.

The efficacy and tolerance of two different dosage regimens of pivampicillin was compared in 155 patients with acute sinusitis and in 56 patients with otitis media. Patients received a 10-day course of either 500 mg pivampicillin twice daily, or 350 mg pivampicillin 3-times a day. Out of the 155 patients with sinusitis, 68 patients received pivampicillin at the time of diagnosis, whilst in a further 87 patients treatment was given, on average, 7 days after the diagnosis was made. Approximately 78% of the patients had Proetz suction and 17% used nasal drops or spray. Among 77 patients given the 500 mg dose, 88% were cured, 8% improved and only 4% failed to respond. Ninety-one per cent of 70 evaluated patients receiving the 350 mg dose were cured and 9% were improved. Paracentesis was performed on 43 of the 56 patients with otitis media and spontaneous perforation occurred in 7 patients. Eight patients received supplementary treatment with ear drops. Ninety-one per cent of 32 evaluated patients on the 500 mg dose were cured and 9% improved. The corresponding response rate in 20 evaluated patients given the 350 mg tablets was 80% cured, 15% improved and 5% of patients failed to respond. There was no difference in the frequency of side-effects between the two regimens. Approximately 4% of the patients had gastro-intestinal side-effects or skin rashes and in only 6 patients did these necessitate withdrawal of therapy. The twice daily regimen is recommended because of increased patient compliance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Improved method for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (author's transl)].

Based on a sample of 953 subjects without known metabolic abnormalities and a sample of 186 diabetics a classification rule was developed by a quadratic discriminant analysis. The measurements of blood glucose 1 and 2 h after the oral administration of 100 g oligosaccharids are used to classify the patients into the categories of "healthy", "suspect" and "diabetic". The rates of false positive and false negative classification were estimated from a second sample of 128 non-diabetic and 73 diabetics. By administration of 100 g oligosaccharids these rates were found to be 3.1% and 0%, respectively. An analogous study for the administration of 100 g glucose was based on a different sample of N = 472, 99 diabetics included. Misclassification rates were found to be 1.6% and 2.7%, respectively. For practical application of the rules two-dimensional netplanes are given.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

Sleep induced by L-tryptophan. Effect of dosages within the normal dietary intake.

Previous results have demonstrated sleep-inducing effects of L-tryptophan in doses of 1 to 15 g at bedtime. The present laboratory study extends the dose-response curve downward, comparing doses of 1/4 g, 1/2 g, and 1 g of L-tryptophan with placebo, in 15 mild insomniacs (subjects who reported sleep latencies of over 30 minutes). One gram of L-tryptophan significantly reduced sleep latency: the lower doses produced a trend in the same direction. Stage IV sleep was significantly increased by 1/4 g of L-tryptophan. These results at low doses have interesting implications since the normal dietary intake of L-tryptophan is 1/2 g to 2 g per day.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The psychological effects of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibition in normal subjects.

Acute administration of the dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) inhibitor, fusaric acid, combined with L-dopa, 500 mg, produced discernible psychological abnormalities in normal subjects. These were not found after L-dopa alone, or after placebo. The changes, lasting a few hours, were manifested by significant increases in "total psychopathology," and in a number of subscales on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Changes were also found in mood ratings on adjective checklists, and inkblot tests. A variety of effects were found on psychiatric interview. Since DBH does not occur in dopamine neurons, it is likely that the psychological effects were due to changes in dopamine or norepinephrine in norepinephrine neurons.

Adult↗