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Biomedical subjects

E Hartmann

Publications and source records attributed to E Hartmann.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Vulnerability to schizophrenia. Prediction of adult schizophrenia using childhood information.

Forty years ago, Glueck and Glueck studied a group of Boston Inner city children to discover factors relating to delinquency. Detailed information was obtained on 1,000 boys aged 10 to 17 years, 500 "delinquents" and 500 "nondelinquent controls." In follow-up studies of this group, we have found that 24 have a diagnosis of adult schizophrenia. We matched these 24 with 48, who had a nonschizophrenic outcome, on the basis of IQ, ethnicity, age at interview, and original Glueck grouping (delinquent or control). The 72 childhood records were then examined on a blind basis by Independent raters looking for predetermined "indicators of vulnerability to schizophrenia." The total indicator scores were able to differentiate schizophrenic outcome from nonschizophrenic outcome at highly significant levels. A number of the individual indicators were likewise able to predict outcome. Prediction was improved when subjects with the lowest IQs (less than 85) were excluded from consideration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Acoustic measurement of voice quality in central dysphonia.

Speech samples of 14 male and 10 female patients with central dysphonia were examined. Eighteen patients had suffered a severe closed head trauma and the remaining six patients had experienced cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Several parameters were developed in order to find acoustic correlates for three major pathologic voice qualities in central dysphonia. The well know jitter parameter, fundamental period perturbation (PP), was adapted for our purposes and proved to be a good measure for rough voices, though the patients revealed less jitter than in peripheral dysphonia. The vocal onset parameter, time lag of preexhalation (Tb), and the spectral parameter, spectral energy above 5 KHz (A5), classified the breathy voices. Most of the tense voices could be detected by the spectral parameters, spectral energy in the 1-5 KHz range (A1), and variance of spectral energy above 5 KHz (V5). The successful classification of these voice qualities allowed the description of compound pathologic voice types in central dysphonia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Nightmares and trauma: a comparison of nightmares after combat with lifelong nightmares in veterans.

In this study the chronic traumatic nightmares of men who had been in combat were found to differ from the lifelong nightmares of veterans with no combat experience in that they tended to occur earlier in the sleep cycle, were more likely to be replicas of actual events, and were more commonly accompanied by gross body movements. Traumatic nightmares may arise out of varying stages of sleep and are not confined to REM sleep alone. The group with lifelong nightmares showed evidence of thought disorder on the Rorschach. The men with posttraumatic stress disorder had failed to psychologically integrate their traumatic experiences and used dissociation as a way of dealing with strong affects.

Combat Disorders↗
PubMed1983

Chronic insomnia: effects of tryptophan, flurazepam, secobarbital, and placebo.

This study compared the effects of l-tryptophan (1 g), secobarbital (100 mg), flurazepam (30 mg), and placebo on sleep in 96 serious insomniacs. Each treatment was given nightly for 7 nights in a separate-group design. Outcome measures were subjective estimates by subjects of a number of sleep parameters during the week of treatment and for 1 week after, and an overall evaluation made by subjects and investigators at the end of the 2 weeks. During the treatment week, flurazepam produced significant improvement on several sleep measures compared to placebo, while tryptophan and secobarbital did not. Flurazepam and secobarbital produced withdrawal symptoms during the post-treatment week, while tryptophan and placebo did not. Sleep latency was not significantly improved by tryptophan during the treatment week, but continued to improve during the post-treatment week, resulting in a significant difference between tryptophan and baseline in week 2.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Psychological effects of dopamine beta-hydroxylase inhibition: a failure to replicate.

In a previous investigation of whether reduced dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) might play a role in schizophrenia, we studied the effects of DBH inhibition for a few hours in normal subjects. This initial study showed positive effects, i.e., unusual subjective psychological reports confirmed by psychiatric rating scales, in subjects given the DBH inhibitor fusaric acid. The present study attempted to replicate these findings using a more detailed battery of tests and an additional control situation. Each subject underwent the following four treatment conditions at 1-week intervals: fusaric acid plus L-dopa; L-dopa alone; d-amphetamine; placebo. The present results did not confirm those of the first study. A few interesting results were found that were chiefly attributable to amphetamine effects. No effect could be definitely attributed to fusaric acid.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Two case reports: night terrors with sleepwalking--a potentially lethal disorder.

Two cases of severe night terrors with sleepwalking in adults are described. In one of these, an episode resulted in three deaths; in the other, there was serious concern of death and bodily harm. Both men were employed, married, and functioning well without serious psychopathology. Neither could be given a definite DSM-III diagnosis, though both had some features of compulsive personality disorder. Both improved considerably with treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The treatment of psychophysiologic insomnia with biofeedback: a replication study.

To replicate a previous study, 16 psychophysiological insomniacs were randomly assigned to either Theta feedback or sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) feedback. Evaluations by home sleep logs and by 3 nights in the laboratory were done before biofeedback, immediately after biofeedback, and 9 months later. Results from this study replicate previous findings. Both Theta and SMR feedback seemed effective treatments of insomnia according to home sleep logs. According to evaluations at the sleep laboratory, tense and anxious insomniacs benefited only from Theta feedback but not from SMR feedback, while those who were relaxed at intake but still could not sleep benefited only from SMR but not from Theta feedback.

Anxiety↗