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Biomedical subjects

E H Johnson

Publications and source records attributed to E H Johnson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Sex and age interactions in the association between alcohol and blood pressure.

The cross-sectional association between alcohol intake and blood pressure was examined in a probability sample of Michigan adults surveyed in 1983. Despite adjustments for race, sex, age, Quetelet index, and current treatment with antihypertensive medications, heavier alcohol intakes (more than one drink daily) were associated with increased systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and prevalence of elevated blood pressure. These associations were somewhat exaggerated in women and in younger persons. Statistically significant differences in blood pressure were demonstrated only among consumers of more than one drink daily. Attributable risk calculations indicated that no more than 8.4 and 8.5% of instances of elevated blood pressure (systolic pressure greater than or equal to 140 mmHg or diastolic pressure greater than or equal to 90 mmHg) in men and women, respectively, could be attributed to alcohol intakes exceeding one drink daily.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Desmosomes of epithelial malignant mesothelioma.

Morphometric examination of desmosomes by electron microscopy may help distinguish epithelial malignant mesotheliomas (EMM) from adenocarcinomas (AC). The lengths of 225 desmosomes from 10 AC and 296 desmosomes from 12 EMM were measured. The mean desmosome length was not significantly different in the two groups. However, only one desmosome greater than 1-micron length was found among the 225 AC desmosomes, whereas seven such "giant" desmosomes were found among 296 EMM desmosomes (p less than 0.001). These long desmosomes ranged up to 4.2 micron in length and involved 4 of 12 cases of EMM. The longest AC desmosome was 1.34 micron. Thus, it is suggested that giant desmosomes be defined as measuring greater than 1 micron in length and that such desmosomes are found much more commonly in EMM than AC and tend to attain greater lengths in EMM.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Anger expression and life stress among blacks: their role in physical health.

This study examines the relationship between anger expression and life stress in a nationally representative sample of black adults. Recent research of mostly white subjects has shown that anger-hostility, one of the components of the Type A behavioral pattern, is an important predictor of health problems. The findings of the present inquiry indicate that anger-hostility is an important predictor of life stress, and that people with higher levels of anger conflict are more likely to experience negative life events. Moreover, negative life events and anger are shown to be independent predictors of health problems among blacks. The implications of these results for future studies of the health of black Americans are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Xanthomatous bronchiolitis obliterans with cholesterol pneumonia.

Reported is an instance of bronchiolitis obliterans due to the accumulation of lipid-laden cells within bronchiolar walls and lumina. The bronchiolar lining had extensive squamous and goblet cell metaplasia with focal ulceration. Scattered foci of cholesterol pneumonia, composed of acicular crystals with an associated foamy lipid material and type II alveolar epithelial cell hyperplasia, were present. The patient had no history related to this unusual pulmonary disease, although preoperatively her serum cholesterol level was mildly elevated. She was treated with pulmonary and cardiac allotransplantation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The relationship of anger expression to health problems among black Americans in a national survey.

This study examined the relationship between anger expression, other psychosocial measures, and health problems in a nationally representative, cross-sectional sample of 1277 black adults. Subjects indicating a high level of outwardly expressed anger during a period in which they experienced a severe personal problem had a significantly higher number of health problems than their counterparts who expressed low and moderate levels of anger. Anger expression also significantly interacted with a measure of life strain (employment status) to predict health problems. Blacks who were unemployed were more likely to have a higher number of health problems if anger was expressed outwardly at a high level. The relationship was found to be independent of age, gender, urbanicity, smoking, and drinking problems. The overall pattern of the findings suggests that blacks who are at increased risk for health problems may be identified by how often anger is experienced and expressed during periods of emotional distress.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Emotional and familial determinants of elevated blood pressure in black and white adolescent females.

The relationship between various measures of the expression and experience of anger (and anxiety), traditional risk factors and blood pressure were examined in a sample of black and white female adolescents who were enrolled in health science courses in Tampa, Florida. Whereas a number of the personality and traditional risk factors were significantly correlated with blood pressure, body mass (w/h2) was the most consistent predictor of blood pressure (SBP and DBP) for both black and white females. The findings examining the relationship between suppressed anger (AX/Anger-In) and blood pressure show that SBP and DBP was significantly higher for both black and white females who frequently harbored grudges and held in their angry feelings. In addition, the relationship of AX/Anger-In scores and blood pressure appears to have a 'threshold'.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Emotional and familial determinants of elevated blood pressure in black and white adolescent males.

The relationships between blood pressure and several personality and traditional risk factors were examined in a sample of black and white adolescent males who were enrolled in a health science course in Tampa, Florida. Although a number of personality and traditional risk factors significantly predicted elevated blood pressure for both groups of adolescent males, suppressed anger and weight were the major independent predictors. Among black and white males, those who generally harbored grudges and suppressed their anger had higher systolic blood pressure; diastolic blood pressure was higher only for the white males who frequently held in their angry feelings. Weight and excessive salt usage significantly predicted both elevated systolic and diastolic pressures for white males, while these variables significantly predicted systolic pressures for black males. Familial factors were found to be independent predictors of systolic and diastolic blood pressure only for the white adolescent males. A further examination of the relationship between the frequency that anger is suppressed shows that the shape of the curves relating anger-in scores to blood pressure appears to have a 'threshold'. These findings indicate that adolescent males who are at increased risk for elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure can be identified by how often angry feelings are held-in and suppressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Tumor cell type versus staging in the prognosis of carcinoma of the lung.

From this and other studies, it is clear that the determination of tumor cell type is dependent on cellular and architectural patterns which are fraught with considerable interobserver and even intraobserver variations. Even though determination of cell type is semiobjective at best, previous reports have sought to determine prognosis solely on the basis of cell type or subtype while other studies have made attempts to define the prognosis of the disease based on even less precise terms. In seeking an answer to the question of which is more important for prognosis of lung cancer, cell type or TNM stage, the findings reported herein support the hypothesis that the TNM stage is the single most important factor for survival. This conclusion is substantiated by the following observations: 1. When cell type is stratified by stage, no significant differences can be determined in survival according to tumor cell type. 2. There is a minor difference (not statistically significant) in survival for tumor cell type when considering resected stage I tumors (67 of 99) in terms of adenocarcinomas which had a survival of 38 percent at 5 years versus squamous cell carcinomas which had a survival of 23 percent at 5 years. The numbers of cases in this study were not sufficiently large to comment on the possible difference between surgically resected large cell and small cell carcinomas. 3. TNM staging is a highly significant predictor in the survival of patients with lung cancer. The significance for survival by stage remains even if the data are stratified by the cell type diagnosis. These conclusions apply to the total group of 124 patients, and also to the subgroup of 99 surgically resected patients. Many reports have attempted to determine survival of carcinoma of the lung in terms of cell type without regard to its stage. Consequently, comparison of data from various institutions is difficult. We believe TNM staging of the disease not only allows reasonable comparison of data obtained from different institutions, but also, affords a useful and accurate means of assessing the extent of the disease and its prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Malignant pleural effusions. A clinical cytopathologic study.

From 1978 to 1982, 620 pleural fluid cytology specimens were examined, of which 80 were positive in 64 patients. Of these 64, three (0.5%) specimens had false-positive results. Adenocarcinoma of the lung was the most frequent (25 of 61) primary site, followed by breast (12 of 61), ovary (six of 61), and pancreas (five of 61). Comparing cytology with pleural core needle biopsy specimens in 26 patients, the cytology results were positive in 96%, while the needle biopsy specimens alone were positive in only 69%. Following the diagnoses of malignant pleural effusions, the patients receiving combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy had a mean survival of 328 days, compared with only 79 days for those who received no therapy. In conclusion, cytologic examination of Papanicolaou-stained smears yielded a greater percentage of positive diagnoses than either cell block preparations or pleural needle biopsy specimens. Over the past 25 years, the mean survival after the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusions has shown no improvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of adrenal cortical tumors in children and adults.

Morphologic features (abnormal mitoses, necrosis, vascular and capsular invasion, broad fibrous bands, cellular pleomorphism, size) previously suggested to be predictors of malignant behavior in adrenal cortical tumors were assessed individually in 23 (17 benign, 6 malignant) pediatric and 42 (29 benign, 13 malignant) adult tumors. Of these features, size was the only predictor of malignancy in pediatric tumors. All pediatric tumors weighing more than 500 g were malignant and all but one weighing less than 500 g were benign. The remaining features were present in both benign and malignant pediatric tumors, and pediatric benign tumors were significantly more likely to have mitoses (P less than 0.01), necrosis (P less than 0.001), broad fibrous bands (P less than 0.005), and moderate to severe pleomorphism (P less than 0.01) than were adult benign tumors. The authors conclude that pediatric tumors are more likely to be benign than previously thought, and that size is the only morphologic predictor of their biologic behavior.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of misoprostol cytoprotection of the bladder with cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) therapy.

Cyclophosphamide is a well established cytotoxic drug used in the treatment of lymphoproliferative disorders, certain solid tumors, and nonneoplastic disorders such as nephrotic syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Hemorrhagic cystitis can be a complication of this drug varying between two and 40 per cent. Misoprostol, which is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog, was found to significantly decrease the histological damage to the bladder from cyclophosphamide. Male rats receiving misoprostol in conjunction with cyclophosphamide were found to have a reduction in ulceration, inflammation and edema of the bladder walls as compared to those treated with cyclophosphamide alone.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1986

Anger-coping types, blood pressure, and all-cause mortality: a follow-up in Tecumseh, Michigan (1971-1983).

This study examined prospectively (1971-1983) the relationship between anger-coping types, blood pressure, and all-cause mortality in a sample of men and women aged 30-69 (n = 696) of the Tecumseh Community Health Study. Subjects who indicated that they were likely to suppress their anger in response to two hypothetical anger-provoking situations had 1.7 times the mortality risk of those who expressed their anger (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03-3.05). Subjects who suppressed their anger when unjustifiably confronted by their spouse had twice the mortality risk of those who expressed their anger (95% CI = 1.13-3.38). For high vs. low suppressed anger towards a policeman, the mortality risk was 1.24 (95% CI = 0.72-2.14). These relationships were invariant across age, sex, and education groups, even when medical risk factors were adjusted for, i.e., smoking, relative weight, blood pressure, coronary heart disease status, forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1), and chronic bronchitis. However, suppressed anger measures significantly interacted with elevated blood pressure to predict the highest mortality risk. These results suggest that persons with high mortality risk can be identified in part by how they cope with anger, and by the joint effect of anger-coping type (a behavioral trait) and elevated blood pressure (a biologic trait).

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1985

Ultrastructural diagnosis of epithelial malignant mesothelioma.

Examination of microvilli (MV) by electron microscopy (EM) may help distinguish epithelial malignant mesotheliomas (EMM) from metastatic adenocarcinomas (AC). The goal of this study was to assess the diagnostic utility of microvillous length to width (l/w) measurements of EMM and AC, and to determine if ultrathin sections can be used to accurately assess lengths of villi not completely contained within a single section. Therefore, in addition to the usual ultrathin (600-800 A) sections used for standard transmission EM, thicker (up to 1 mu) sections were also prepared for study by scanning transmission EM. Seven cases of EMM and 3 of AC were analyzed. In each case, length and width were measured for all MV with identifiable bases (18-60 MV/case), using an electronic planimeter, and the mean l/w ratio calculated. The dimensionless l/w ratio is independent of magnification and does not require calibration, facilitating intercase comparison. In the 3 AC, the mean l/w was 5.39, versus 11.44 in the 7 EMM cases. Four EMM were analyzed using both standard ultrathin and thicker sections, disclosing a thin section l/w of 13.34 and a thick section of 12.26, supporting the confidence of measurements made from standard ultrathin sections. Examination of data also showed that equally good separation of EMM from AC could be obtained using the mean ratio of only the 10 longest MV (16.11 versus 8.93). By these techniques, EMM often may be distinguishable from AC, with a l/w ratio twice as large in EMM and a mean l/w greater than 11 supportive of a diagnosis of EMM.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Leimyosarcoma of the urinary bladder. 13 years after cyclophosphamide therapy for Hodgkin's disease.

A leiomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder occurred in a 17-year-old boy who was treated with a total dose of 67 g cyclophosphamide over a period of 5 years for Hodgkin's disease diagnosed at the age of 4. Cyclophosphamide was discontinued at the age of 9 because of gross hematuria, and intermittent hematuria recurred 8 years after (at the age of 17) the cessation of this drug. A large exophytic tumor found in the urinary bladder was diagnosed as leiomyosarcoma by light and electron microscopic studies. In addition, there were microscopic features of long-term cyclophosphamide toxicity throughout the bladder wall.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Chemiluminescence of bovine alveolar macrophages as an indicator of developing immunity in calves vaccinated with aromatic-dependent Salmonella.

Chemiluminescence of bovine alveolar macrophages was used to study the development of opsonins in calves vaccinated parenterally with live aromatic-dependent strains of either S. dublin or S. typhimurium. These calves responded by producing Salmonella-specific opsonins detected by increased chemiluminescent responses, and were able to survive oral challenge with live virulent organisms of either serotype. Non-vaccinated calves of the same age lacked Salmonella-specific opsonins and were not able to survive challenge. Thus it was concluded that the ability to produce opsonins is among the immunological responses that are associated with protection against salmonellosis in calves. Antigenic similarities between S. dublin and S. typhimurium were shown by the ability of either organism to absorb significant amounts of opsonic capacity from the sera of calves vaccinated with either of the two vaccines. These antigenic similarities are thought to explain in part the ability of either vaccine to protect against challenge with either the homologous or heterologous Salmonella serotype.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Stress, autonomic hyperactivity and essential hypertension: an enigma.

This review shows that there is ample evidence of a stress-related hypersympathetic state in the early phase (borderline, hyperkinetic) of essential hypertension. These patients have signs of excessive autonomic cardiovascular drive (e.g. large changes in cardiac output, heart rate and pre-ejection period). After autonomic blockade these patients were also prone to suppressing anger and tended to be submissive towards other people. Research to determine whether personality traits are related to hypertension has shown that suppressed anger and submissiveness appear to be more related to sustained blood pressure elevation than to blood pressure variability. Although there is adequate evidence for a relationship between stress, personality and hypertension in borderline hypertension, it is difficult to demonstrate an autonomic nervous system component in established hypertension. Apparently mechanisms of blood pressure elevation change during the natural history of hypertension, and more research to understand the character of these changes is needed.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1984

Diffusion in gel-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DIG-ELISA) to record the immunoglobulin response of calves vaccinated with Salmonella.

A diffusion in gel-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DIG-ELISA) was used to record immunoglobulin development of colostrum-fed calves vaccinated with aromatic dependent (aro-) Salmonella and challenged with either the homologous as a heterologous serotype. IgG was detected by using a peroxidase conjugated rabbit antibovine IgG, whereas IgM and IgA were measured using a double sandwich technique. Although IgG levels to Salmonella endotoxins increased after exposure to Salmonella, they were found to be high in many calves prior to vaccination. However, IgM antibody levels were consistently low prior to vaccination, and their increase was a more reliable indicator of the vaccination and immune status of the calves. IgA levels were generally low and of less predictive value.

Animals↗