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Biomedical subjects

E H Cooper

Publications and source records attributed to E H Cooper.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Plasma protein profiles and prognosis in gastric cancer.

In 104 patients with gastric cancer the serum proteins carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) (orosomucoid) and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) were measured pre-operatively. The estimated median survival of patients with both raised CEA and ACT was only 5 weeks in contrast to 64 weeks for those with both proteins normal. An intermediary group with one of these proteins raised and the other normal had an estimated median survival of 15 weeks. Similar results were obtained by considering a combination of CEA with either AGP or CRP. For these data the results were not explicable in terms of associations between survival time and patient's age, stage, operative procedure, histological classification or site of primary tumour.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Serum protein profiles in carcinoma of the kidney.

The levels of serum acute phase reactant proteins (APRPs) have been examined in untreated kidney carcinoma and during the evolution of metastases. These proteins can provide a warning of the likelihood of extensive local or metastatic spread at first presentation. The levels of APRPs rise with increasing tumour burden but the system is insensitive to small tumour burdens. beta 2-Microglobulin levels do not contribute additional information. Serum phosphohexose isomerase tends to be elevated when there is a large tumour burden but its change does not accurately mirror the rate of expansion of the tumour. The APRPs and phosphohexose isomerase are useful in alerting the clinician to the probability of metastases or large local masses in kidney cancer, but have a limited use in monitoring.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1982

Electron microscopy of superficial bladder tumours and urothelium after intravesical doxorubicin.

The effects of intravesical doxorubicin on cells in superficial transitional cell carcinomas and adjacent urothelium were studied by electron microscopy. Nucleolar segregation, vacuolation of the cytoplasms, mitochondrial abnormalities and the breakdown of secondary lysosomes leading to autolysis were the main patterns of damage. Cell loss was by desquamation from the surface and random cell death in the deeper cell layers of the tumour and urothelium.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1981

Serum beta 2-microglobulin in hepato-biliary diseases.

The levels of serum beta 2-m in hepato-biliary disease have been examined. Significant increase has been observed in various benign and malignant diseases of the liver, but not in jaundice due to acute pancreatitis. The age-dependent relationship of beta 2-m is present in controls, weaker in the malignant diseases and absent in the benign diseases. The level of beta 2-m is not influenced by jaundice. Serum beta 2-m levels have no role as a discriminant in liver disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The evaluation of a new enzyme immunoassay for the measurement of prostatic acid phosphatase.

An enzyme immunoassay for prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) has been assessed. An upper limit normal is set at 1.8 microgram/1. There is a very low incidence of raised levels in chronic diseases or cancers other than those of the prostate. Patients with well-controlled prostatic cancer have levels less than 1.8 microgram/1 and show little variation about their own mean. PAP can rise exponentially with a doubling time of 1-5 months. This assay is unlikely to increase the detection of asymptomatic prostatic cancer as 66% of T0-2NXM0 cases had PAP less than 1.8 microgram/1. The main advantages over routine enzyme assays are its sensitivity and accuracy in the lower range.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1981

The use of concanavalin A crossed immuno-affinoelectrophoresis to detect hormone-associated variations in alpha 1-acid glycoprotein.

alpha 1-Acid glycoprotein produces three peaks on crossed immuno-affinoelectrophoresis with concanavalin A in the first dimension, which is indicative of a degree of heterogeneity in the carbohydrate portion of this plasma glycoprotein. A different pattern, however, showing relatively less concanavalin A-binding material, is found in association with and after an increase in female sex hormone levels. Our observations strongly suggest a prolonged hormonal effect on the carbohydrate composition of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, which may alter the metabolism or the function of the protein.

Concanavalin A↗
PubMed1981

Application of monoclonal antibodies to purified CEA in clinical radioimmunoassay of human serum.

Double-antibody radioimmunoassay using a mouse monoclonal anti-CEA (MA/1) has been used to measure CEA in human serum. Low levels of MA/1-binding CEA have been found in serum from normal individuals and moderately raised levels are sometimes associated with certain non-malignant diseases. As with conventional anti-CEA, the MA/1 antibodies can recognize significant amounts of CEA in serum from patients with a variety of solid tumours. However they appear to recognize a different immunodeterminant and possibly a different population of CEA molecules to, or a subset of, those measured by two routine assays. Studies in which the MA/1 assay was directly compared with the results of the Charing Cross routine and Abbott EIA assays have indicated that different immunological forms of CEA may be expressed in the course of tumour progression but no prognostic value was evident in this study. Our results stress the need to resolve immunological specificities expressed by CEA-like molecules and evaluate their clinical importance.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Serum beta-2-microglobulin in African Burkitt tumour, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and controls.

Serum beta2-microglobulin measurements were made in Burkitt lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Africans and infectious mononucleosis in Europeans. There was a significant increase of beta2-microglobulin levels in active Burkitt tumour compared to those in remission but young West African children have higher levels than that in Caucasians. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma can be associated with a raised beta2-microglobulin but the distribution is similar to that seen in other head and neck cancers. In 27 cases of infectious mononucleosis 74% have raised levels of serum beta2-microglobulin. The mechanism of production of high serum beta2-microglobulin levels in rural African children is as yet unknown.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Beta-2-microglobulin review: its relevance in clinical oncology.

Beta-2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) is an intrinsic part of the HLA system and is most probably involved in cell recognition. The levels of free beta 2-m in the blood and urine are influenced by beta 2-m production and its clearance and destruction in the kidney. Many tumors can be associated with an elevated serum beta 2-m, the reason is unknown. The most promising application of beta 2-m as a tumor marker would appear to be lymphoid malignancies, especially multiple myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Beta-Globulins↗
PubMed1980

Serum beta 2-microglobulin in myelomatosis: potential value in stratification and monitoring.

In a longitudinal study of the evolution of serum beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) levels in 37 patients with myelomatosis, those patients with a level of < 4 mg/l at first presentation had a median survival of 46 months, whereas those with an initial level of > mg/l had a median survival of 15 months. THe beta 2-m appeared to be independent of the level of the paraprotein and its class, as seen in a vertical study of 129 patients. Analysis of the influence of a rising serum creatinine on the serum beta 2-m indicates that beta 2-m production is excessive in advanced disease with or without renal failure. Practical application of the measurement of serum beta 2-m in the stratification and monitoring of patients is suggested.

Beta-Globulins↗
PubMed1980

Behaviour of serum beta 2-microglobulin and acute phase reactant proteins in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. A multicentre study.

Changes in serum-beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) levels were measured in 52 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia during periods of observation of 5-43 months. While the majority of patients had elevated levels (> 3 mg/l), higher values tended to be associated with more advanced disease as assessed clinically. Patients with nonprogressive, predominantly Rai stage 0 and I disease had persistently normal or near normal beta 2-m levels, whereas patients with progressive, predominantly Rai stage II-IV disease, had higher levels often showing rapid changes. Sequential measurements of serum beta 2-m show patterns of change that reflect and may anticipate the clinical progression of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Evaluation of CEA in patients with known residual disease after resection of colonic cancer.

Serial carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were measured in 43 patients following incomplete excision of colorectal cancer. Twenty-seven patients received chemotherapy. In the majority the subsequent elevation of CEA could be related to clinical progression, but some patients receiving chemotherapy may have a suppressed rate of CEA rise and may have a more prolonged survival.The clinical application of serial CEA estimations remains of dubious value. However, one area which may be worthy of study is to determine whether suppression of the CEA slope by chemotherapy is attended by clinical control and an improved survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

An evaluation of serum protein profiles in the long-term surveillance of prostatic cancer.

Longitudinal and vertical studies on prostatic cancer have confirmed that many forms of oestrogen therapy have a profound effect on the levels of several acute phase reactant proteins (APRP). This action overrides any response of the APRPs to a rising tumour load. However, serum C-Reactive protein and albumin levels appear to be independent of oestrogen control and their respective rise and fall is associated with tumour progression even when the patient is saturated with oestrogens.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1980

Renal tubular damage without glomerular damage after cytotoxic drugs and aminoglycosides.

Cytotoxic agents and aminoglycosides when given for a maximum of eleven days damaged the renal tubules as indicated by an increased urinary beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and total protein. Methotrexate (MTX) caused the greatest changes among the cytotoxic agents studied. Prophylactic doses of aminoglycosides in surgical patients also caused tubuloproteinuria. The tubular damage was greatest when aminoglycosides were given to treat septicaemia complicating haematological malignancies in patients who had previously had cytotoxic drugs. However, even in these patients there was no evidence of glomerular failure or increased glomerular permeability seven days after beginning chemotherapy.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗