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Biomedical subjects

E Grundmann

Publications and source records attributed to E Grundmann.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Rudimentary cilia in hyperplastic, metaplastic and neoplastic cells of the lung and pleura.

Rudimentary cilia are cilium-like processes of the cell usually found within non-ciliated cells. The incidental electron microscopic finding of rudimentary cilia in 10 out 50 cases of hyperplastic, metaplastic and neoplastic lesions of the lung and pleura is reported. The fine structure of these peculiar structures is fully described. Reference is made to their significance and it is suggested that they represent deviations of the differentiation patterns of both normal and neoplastic cells.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Biological characterization of human bone tumors. VII. Detection of malignancy in a giant cell tumor of bone by flow cytometric DNA-analysis.

The biological behavior of giant cell tumors of bone often cannot be definitively evaluated by light and electron microscopical criteria. As DNA aneuploidy was found to be a highly sensitive marker of malignant cells, we have analyzed this descriptive parameter in 4 giant cell tumors of bone by flow cytometry. Three of the four cases were non-metastasizing giant cell tumors, the fourth was a clinically malignant neoplasm presenting extensive visceral metastases four years after first diagnosis. Neither light- nor electron microscopical findings provided unequivocal criteria for defining the biological dignity of the four tumors. DNA aneuploidies were identified in the metastasizing case only, whereas the three clinically benign tumors showed a unimodal euploid DNA distribution. Thus flow cytometric DNA analysis is an additional diagnostic tool for the detection of malignancy in giant cell tumors of bone.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Biological characterization of human bone tumors. IV. Combined biochemical and histological analyses of different osteosarcomas.

A new technique was applied to the study of human osteosarcoma. Ten slices of 10 micron were cut serially from 2 X 2 X 6 mm shock frozen blocks of human osteosarcoma for chemical analysis. Before and after each series of 10 slices, one slice of 10 micron was separated for morphological analysis. Four different types of osteosarcoma were investigated: Case 1 was an atypical osteoblastic osteosarcoma, case 2 a small cell sclerosing osteosarcoma, case 3 a well-differentiated parosteal osteosarcoma grade I, and case 4 a highly malignant anaplastic osteosarcoma. Alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and proteolytic activities were analysed as well as matrix collagen and hexosamine, phosphorus (Pi and Po), protein, DNA, and water content. In accordance with the morphology, the obtained data illustrate the great heterogeneity of osteosarcomas. Although case 1, 2 and 3 all represent calcifying types of the tumor, characteristic differences exist with regard to the matrix and the degree of calcification. In contrast to these three, case 4 presents a noncalcified type of osteosarcoma whose matrix contains relatively high amounts of hexosamine and low amounts of collagen, whereas DNA and water contents are high. The data from the analysis of osteosarcoma were compared with previous results from the calf epiphyseal growth plate in order to define differences and similarities between the formation of tumor bone and the physiological formation of hard tissue.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

Biological characterization of human bone tumors. V. Zonal characterization of osteosarcoma: topological biochemical analysis correlated with morphology.

Human osteosarcoma specimens were sliced in a cryomicrotome under strict morphological guidance. Serial sections of ten 10 micron slices each were collected in two groups according to morphologic criteria, one containing mostly undifferentiated tumor tissue, the other predominantly well-differentiated tumor tissue. The two series were analysed chemically for alkaline phosphatase (APase) acid phosphatase (acPase), beta-glucuronidase and proteolytic activities; protein, phosphorus, hydroxyproline, hexosamine, water and collagen contents were also determined. Four different types of osteosarcoma were studied: case 1 was a highly malignant osteoblastic osteosarcoma, case 2 a small cell sclerosing osteosarcoma case 3 a well-differentiated osteosarcoma, and case 4 a highly malignant anaplastic osteosarcoma. The types of cases 1, 2 and 3 are known as osteoid-forming tumors. In their less well differentiated areas APase activity was about twice as high as in better differentiated osteosarcoma. In contrast, no APase was found in the wholly undifferentiated areas of case 4, while the enzyme showed a marked increase in the areas of incipient differentiation of this tumor. The matrix of tumors differs with regard to collagen and hexosamine contents, in accordance with the general state of differentiation. In general, increasing hexosamine contents together with decreasing hydroxyproline contents will reflect the anaplastic, dedifferentiated osteosarcoma. Calcification evident in the better differentiated areas of osteosarcoma is indicated by the phosphorus content, highest in case 2, with cases 3, 1, and 4 following in sequential order.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

Early local reaction and lymph node permeation of rat carcinoma HH9-cl 14 cells. An immunohistological approach.

2 X 10(6) ascites tumor cells of a DMBA-induced rat mammary adenocarcinoma (HH9-cl 14) were injected subcutaneously into tumor-free syngeneic female rats. Investigations were made, in addition to conventional paraffin histology and light microscopy, with immunohistological methods using poly-and monoclonal antisera. From 10 minutes to 2 hrs after inoculation carcinoma cells were seen inert either as single cells or as little clusters between connective and fatty tissue. After 6 hrs the number of tumor cells had decreased, and an increasing quantity of macrophages were found in close contact with them. At this stage some lymphocytes, too, appeared in the inoculation area. 10 minutes after injection, tumor cells were already entering regional lymph nodes and could be observed in the subcapsular sinuses. 2 hours later they had almost traversed the intermediate and medullary sinuses. Up to 6 hours after injection, increasing numbers of macrophages and sinus endothelial cells were seen, and the lymph node's appearance manifested hyperplasia of the paracortical zone. 4 and 6 hrs after injection, the total number of tumor cells in regional nodes decreased again noticeably, and sometimes tumor cells had disappeared. The first lymph node metastases appeared 28 days after inoculation.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1985

Microphotometric quantitation of enzyme activities in giant cell tumor of bone. A case study.

In a proliferating giant cell tumor of bone the activities of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (acPase) and of NADH-tetrazolium reductase were demonstrated by enzyme histochemical methods. Quantitative microphotometry made it possible to determine the relative enzyme activities per given volume unit in the cytoplasm of giant cells of several sizes. The activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase increases with increasing cell size, whereas the activity of tetrazolium reductase will decrease in proportion. This coincidence of high acPase activity and low tetrazolium reductase activity in larger giant cells is interpreted as an expression of degenerative change.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

What's new in colon carcinogenesis?

Among precancerous conditions in the colon and rectum, adenomas are the most important, paradigmatically so in adenomatosis coli, a genetic predisposition of autosomal dominant type. Statistical relevance is also attributed to long-term ulcerative colitis, Morbus Crohn, and Gardner's syndrome. Dietary factors seem to play an essential role. Highly developed countries in Western Europe and North America whose prevalence rates of colorectal carcinoma are highest, also have a particularly high daily intake of fat and meat. The proportion of fibers in a diet shows an inverted correlation with the prevalence of colorectal carcinoma. Many epidemiologic data are still rather inconsistent and in some cases rather weak. Detailed case-control studies are needed to substantiate the general statement: Our life style, especially our daily food, is obviously related to the rise of colorectal carcinoma.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

[Reparative giant-cell granuloma of the extremities].

Giant-cell reparative granulomas are observed not infrequently in the mandible as sharply demarcated osteolytic lesions. On the other hand, these tumour-like lesions occurring in short tubular bones are rarely reported in the literature and, so far, only 27 cases have been described. We have records of five cases in the Westphalian Bone Tumour Register. The actual occurrence is probably greater if one assumes that the lesion is caused by an intra-osseous bleeding. This pathogenic mechanism is supported by histological evidence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Atypical cilia in hyperplastic, metaplastic, and dysplastic human bronchial mucosa.

Twenty-two cases displaying potentially precancerous epithelial changes of the bronchial mucosa--including basal and goblet cell hyperplasia, epidermoid metaplasia, and dysplasia--showed a wide variety of cilial abnormalities on the ultrastructural level. The changes comprised abnormal configurations of the ciliary plasma membrane, variations in the amount of ciliary matrix, disorganization of basal bodies, and diverse alterations of the axonemal microtubular pattern. More than one such alteration was observed in one and the same case, and there was no correlation with the actual type of epithelial lesion nor the degree of dysplasia. These changes, interpreted as abnormal ciliary regeneration in severely damaged ciliated cells, are potentially reversible and seem to represent a nonspecific response of the affected cells to an ample spectrum of noxes. Their diagnostic significance is poor, especially with regard to the modification of the axonemal microtubular pattern, unless the entire clinical picture suggests an immotile cilia syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[The concept of Julius Cohnheim on tumor formation and metastasis from the viewpoint of new research results].

Study of Cohnheim's work reveals the substantial contribution which he made to the understanding of neoplastic disease. He was the first to make a clear distinction between true neoplasma and lesions resembling it. He distinguished between epithelial and mesenchymal tumors. His theory of the proliferation of developmental tissue rests contributed to the understanding of tumor etiology and pathogenesis. In contrast to the majority of his contemporaries he correctly interpreted the process of metastasis. His greatest error was his rejection of the theory of irritation promulgated by his teacher Virchow.

Germany↗
PubMed1984

Selection of liver-colonizing tumor cells from a murine fibrosarcoma induced by methylcholanthrene.

An experimental tumor model was developed to study the organ preference of malignant tumors. The primary tumor ER 15-P was induced by inoculation of 1 mg methylcholanthrene in 0.1 ml sesame oil into the left femoral muscle of a female C57/Bl6J mouse. The tumor was palpable 100 days after induction. Spontaneous lung metastases were found at autopsy on day 128. Serial IM transplantation of tumor cells from the primary ER 15-P resulted in pulmonary metastases in all male and female mice. After IV injection of tumor cells from ER 15-P to male mice, colonies were found in lungs, thoracic cavity, liver, kidneys and occasionally also adrenals; female mice sometimes had ovarian metastases in addition, but no hepatic metastases. Liver-colonizing tumor cells were selected in male mice as follows: (a) IV injection of tumor cells from primary ER 15-P; (b) removal of tumor cells from liver tumor nodules, reinjection into mesenteric vein; (c) preparation of resulting tumors in the liver, reinjection of these cells through the portal system in one group of mice, and IV administration into tail vein in another group: (d) IM inoculation of tumor cells of the mesenteric passage in the left gastrocnemius muscle of mice prior to IV injection via tail vein in another group. Steps c and d were repeated three times. The procedure resulted in a highly significant decrease of tumor cell colonization to lungs and other organs, and a preferential increase of liver colonization. The liver preference of cell lines thus selected was obvious. Possible mechanisms for the organ preference of malignant tumors are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Biologic characterization of human bone tumors. III. Giant cell tumor of bone. A combined electron microscopical, histochemical, and autoradiographical study.

The cytogenesis of giant cell tumors of bone was studied in 6 cases by combined electron microscopical, histochemical and autoradiographical investigations. Electron microscopy identified two different types of mononuclear stromal cells: fibroblast-like cells with spindly shape and numerous membranes of the granular ER occur together with macrophages bearing many large lysosomes and a prominent Golgi apparatus. Enzyme histochemical results reflect the same diversity: One portion of mononuclear cells exhibits strong alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity, known as a marker for cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system, while the other, fibroblast-like cell type is ANAE negative. Tumor giant cells contain numerous membranes of granular ER, mitochondria, and a few isolated lysosomes. They lack the typical brush border of osteoclasts. Moderate to strong ANAE activity of these giant cells reflects their belonging to the mononuclear phagocyte system. Consequently, the giant cell tumor of bone consists of two different cell types, i.e. fibroblast-like cells and cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system, and so is appraised as a fibrohistiocytic tumor. A new inference from our autoradiographic findings is that tritiated thymidine is incorporated only by mononuclear cells, but not by giant cells. Electron microscopical autoradiography demonstrated that among the mononuclear cells, only fibroblasts are found to proliferate, but not macrophages. Thus, the giant cell tumor of bone is seen as a neoplasm of fibroblastic cells with a strong reactive infiltration of cells from the mononuclear phagocyte system.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1984

[Cytogenesis and histogenesis of malignant and semimalignant bone tumors].

Our present knowledge about bone tumors is still in need of a convincing cytohistogenetic concept that would support the adequate differentiation and classification of different tumor types. The modern therapeutic approach must rely on subtle diagnostis using preferably cyto- and histomorphologic criteria. The present study depends on a considerable number of malignant and semimalignant bone tumors which were analysed by several modern investigative methods. Based on these results, we intend to find the answers to some problems of cytogenesis and histogenesis of bone tumors. Comparison and correlation of our findings with the results of other authors is attempted with the objective to propose an overall histogenetic concept of bone tumors in consideration of the known data and hypotheses. Our material comprises 85 malignant and semimalignant bone tumors. The following tumor types are discussed on the basis of cases from our collection (numbers in brackets): "Conventional" highly malignant osteosarcoma (32), parosteal and periosteal osteosarcoma (2), telangiectatic osteosarcoma (2), small cell osteosarcoma (1), small cell sclerosing osteosarcoma (2), histiocytic osteosarcoma (1), Ewing's sarcoma (15), "conventional" chondrosarcoma (7), dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (2), mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (1), giant cell tumor (12), malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone (5), fibrosarcoma of bone (3), The results of conventional light and electron microscopy, but also of enzyme histochemistry and autoradiography were included in the definitive classification by both histologic and cytologic criteria. In addition, different collagen types present in the ground substance of these tumors were studied by immunofluorescence microscopy; in anaplastic tumors of high malignancy the intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton were further subjected to immunohistochemical analysis. The concept resulting from these studies may be briefly summarized as follows: The stem cell of conventional, highly malignant osteosarcoma is a stromal cell of the skeletal system, which is undergoing neoplastic transformation. At first this cell fails to show any sign of collagen synthesis, the activity of alkaline phosphatase is not increased. Of a primarily anaplastic nature, this tumor cell may differentiate in several directions: in osteoblastic differentiation, the cell will produce predominantly collagen type I, and alkaline phosphatase activity will increase. During fibroblastic differentiation we observe an increased synthesis of collagen type III, but alkaline phosphatase activity is not raised.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Autoradiography↗