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Biomedical subjects

E Gray

Publications and source records attributed to E Gray.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Binding to phospholipid protects factor VIII from inactivation by human antibodies.

The addition of purified factor IXa and phospholipid to factor VIII concentrate protected the VIII:C from inactivation by human antibodies. This protective effect was shown to be due largely to the phospholipid. Addition of phospholipid alone gave substantial protection against even high-titer antibodies, as shown by measurements of thrombin generation and VIII:C assays. Increasing concentrations of phospholipid led to significant reductions in the amount of VIII C:Ag detected by an IRMA method, up to 70% of the original VIII C:Ag being "lost" at the highest concentration of phospholipid. These results indicate that phospholipid binding plays an important part in the procoagulant activity of factor VIII and that human antibodies to VIII:C are directed largely at the phospholipid binding site. The addition of phospholipid to factor VIII concentrates could have important clinical applications in the treatment of hemophiliacs with antibodies to factor VIII.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1982

Anorectal and vaginal carriage of group B streptococci during pregnancy.

A longitudinal prospective study of carriage of group B streptococci during pregnancy was conducted in 2,540 women over a three-year period. Carriage was documented in 18% of the women by anorectal culture, in 4% by vaginal culture, and in 13% by simultaneously obtained anorectal and vaginal cultures (overall carriage rate, 35%). The rate and pattern of carriage were nearly identical from year to year. In sequential cultures in the second and third trimesters of 754 women, carriage rates were 31% and 28%, respectively; only 17% of the women were carriers in both trimesters. (1) Persistence of carriage was most common when the initial anorectal swabs were positive, (2) spread from the intestinal tract to the vagina occurred, and (3) the intestinal tract was commonly the primary site of acquisition in patients with previously negative cultures. The intestinal tract appears to be a primary reservoir for group B streptococci and the likely source of vaginal or urogenital colonization in pregnant women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Preparation of leukocyte-poor blood: a comparison of IBM 2991 washing and Huggins freeze-thawing.

Frequently, forzen blood is requested in order to provide a leukocyte-poor red cell transfusion and a reduced level of exposure to hepatitis virus rather than in an effort to find serological compatible red blood cells. However, this usage of frozen blood is expensive and, as recently reported, does not eliminate the risk of transmission of hepatitis. To assess the feasibility of substituting washed cell preparations, we have compared the Huggins frozen blood process with the IBM 2991 cell washing technique and have evaluated the efficiency of leukocyte removal and red cell recovery from homologous pools of fresh blood. The results of these experiments combined with the greatly decreased cost (approximately 1/3) and time required (approximately 1/6) indicate that many of the requests which blood banks receive for frozen blood could, in fact, be better met by using cells which have been washed in the IBM 2991.

Blood Preservation↗
PubMed1981

Beneficial augmentation following dorsal column stimulation in some neurological diseases.

101 patients with multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases have undergone dorsal column stimulation (DCS) during the past 6 years. DCS augmented weakened neurological functions in 94 patients. Varying improvements were seen in general strength, balance and gait, sensory modalities speech, and bladder function with an important increase in endurance. Two different DCS systems were implanted: 65 patients had a radio frequency stimulator and 36 had a totally implantable programmable stimulator. Except for the first 4 patients, who underwent an initial trial of DCS, permanent implantation of the stimulation system was done as the initial procedure in the series. 16 patients died of their disease or other causes unrelated to the stimulator. DCS is a safe and efficacious method for augmenting the neurological function in most selected patients and can lead to an improved quality of life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Technical factors important to dorsal column stimulation.

A series of 101 patients with weakened neurological conditions (including multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases) were augmented with dorsal column stimulation (DCS) over a 5 1/2-year period. 65 patients were implanted with an RF-linked system while 36 had a fully implantable programmable stimulator inserted. 20% failure occurred in the radio receiver series while none occurred in the latter, except for routine battery depletion. After 5 years, 23% of the patients using the RF system continued to use DCS, while after 4 years of using the fully implantable units, 81% of the patients continued to use DCS. Electrode displacement occurred in 27 patients, with breakage in a further 6 patients early in the series. Cathodal stimulation is more efficient that anodal stimulation when compared in 21 patients undergoing DCS.

Electric Stimulation Therapy↗
PubMed1981

Studies of phospholipid reagents used in coagulation I: some general properties and their sensitivity to factor VIII.

Some general properties of phospholipid reagents have been studied, particularly in relation to their use in detection and measurement of Factor VIII deficiency. There was wide variation among reagents in their total phospholipid concentration, and in the degree of contamination with tissue factor and oxidation products. Although clotting times of normal and haemophilic plasma were affected by change of phospholipid concentration, presence of oxidation products, and order of addition of reagents, these factors did not appear to influence the efficiency of detection of the Factor VIII defect. The method of activation had a definite influence on sensitivity to Factor VIII deficiency, both the type of activator and the time of activation being important. In Factor VIII one-stage assays, use of different phospholipids with the same substrate plasma gave significant differences in precision, but the estimates of potency of a Factor VIII concentrate against a plasma standard were not significantly different.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMed1981

Studies of phospholipid reagents used in coagulation II: factors influencing their sensitivity to heparin.

This study demonstrates the many technical variables which exist in the use of APTT reagents to detect and measure heparin. With the same phospholipid reagent different activation regimes produced significant differences in heparin sensitivity. The concentration of phospholipid was also an important influence; decreasing concentration led to increasing sensitivity, and the highest sensitivity was given by omitting the phospholipid altogether. Other factors which influenced the sensitivity to heparin were buffering of the reagents and the presence of oxidation products in the phospholipid. The results emphasize the need for standardisation of at least some of these variables if the APTT is to be used to determine the therapeutic range of heparin.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The fetotoxic potential of municipal drinking water in the mouse.

Mice (CD-1 strain) were placed on diets containing either municipal drinking water (Durham, North Carolina) or water that had been distilled and passed through cartridges to reduce organics and remove inorganics. After a two-week acclimation period, animals were bred and pregnancy confirmed by the presence of a sperm plug. During the 8-month course of the study, approximately 500 pregnant mice were sacrificed on day 18 of gestation and their fetuses examined for visceral and skeletal anomalies. No significant water-related effects were found on any fetal parameter studied except for a 28.1% incidence of supernumerary ribs in the tap-water group as compared to 21.1% in the purified-water group. No differences were noted in the type or occurrence of anomalies between the two groups. A month to month variation was observed in a number of parameters. The degree of variation was similar for the treatment groups, suggesting that these changes might be random fluctuations.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1979

Work loads of a sample of general surgeons in N.S.W.

The work loads of 34 general surgeons in New South Wales during a six week period in 1977 have been determined. Data was obtained on the number of elective, emergency and supervised procedures, and of elective and emergency first consultations. The operative work loads were assessed by a simple grading system, and also by the "hernia-equivalent" method which relates the work involved in a given operation to that for an adult unilateral inguinal herniorrhaphy. The latter is arbitrarily given a score of one. The hernia-equivalent scores for academics, country and city surgeons were similar. The mean hernia-equivalent rating for the 2,321 operations assessed was 1.1; thus, the "typical" operation was equivalent to a herniorrhaphy. The mean number of operations per week was 11.4, or 12.6 hernia-equivalents. Assuming a 48-week working year, these figures represent an annual work load of 547 operations, or 605 hernia-equivalents. Comparison of these results with those obtained in the U.S.A. (the "SOSSUS" report) indicates that these work loads are almost three times those found for board-certified general surgeons in the U.S.A.

Australia↗
PubMed1979

Radiologic findings in persistent thyroglossal tract fistulas.

Recurrent cysts and persistent fistulas are frequent complications of thyroglossal cystectomy if the excision is not extended through the hyoid bone to the foramen cecum. In 3 cases of persistent thyroglossal tracts, fistulography was performed and found to be valuable in demonstrating the extent of the tract. Surgical excision was completed and specimens were examined histologically. The retained upper portion of the thyroglossal tract was the established cause of the recurrent symptoms; removal of the entire tract up to the foramen cecum was confirmed as the recommended procedure.

Adult↗