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Biomedical subjects

E Gray

Publications and source records attributed to E Gray.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Pregnancy outcome in mothers who develop Kell antibodies.

This is a review of the obstetric histories of women with Kell antibodies who delivered between 1964 and 1983. The majority of women with Anti-Kell in their sera have Kell negative husbands and have been sensitised by blood transfusion. In only six mothers was antibody formation the result of isoimmunisation and all cases where the baby was known to be Kell positive ended in fetal death. Amniocentesis is not helpful in managing these cases, and at times might be misleading, so that other techniques, such as ultrasound, might be more helpful. A review of the literature confirms that Kell isoimmunisation is rare, but that when it does occur the outlook for the baby is poor.

Blood Group Antigens↗
PubMed1987

Procoagulant activity of platelet arachidonic acid metabolites.

1 Arachidonate metabolites have been extracted from indomethacin-treated human platelets after incubation with arachidonic acid. 2 After separation from platelet phospholipids, the extracts promoted the generation of large amounts of thrombin in normal plasma, but not in plasma devoid of lipoproteins. 3 The procoagulant activity was associated with a minor component of the mixture, which was active at concentrations below 10 micrograms ml-1. 4 The activity was similar to that of autoxidised arachidonic acid previously described. 5 Platelet arachidonic acid metabolites could play a role in the coagulation system.

Arachidonic Acids↗
PubMed1987

Anti-Xa activity of human hepatic triglyceride lipase.

Human hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL), purified from plasma obtained after heparin injection, markedly enhanced the anti-Xa clotting activity of normal plasma. This was shown to be caused by direct inhibition of factor Xa clotting activity by HTGL, although the amidolytic activity of factor Xa was unaffected. Preincubation of factor Xa with CaCl2 and phospholipid reduced the rate of inhibition of HTGL, indicating that phospholipid-binding sites may be involved. Heparin, and low-affinity heparin, reduced the anti-Xa activity of HTGL, suggesting that heparin and factor Xa compete for the same binding sites on the lipase molecule. These results suggest that at least part of the enhanced anti-Xa clotting activity observed after injection of heparin and heparin analogues is caused by the release of HTGL. This release could contribute toward the anticoagulant and antithrombotic actions of these drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Anticoagulant activities of pentosan polysulphate (Hémoclar) due to release of hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL).

Subcutaneous injections of 50 mg pentosan polysulphate (Hémoclar) were given to normal volunteers and the effects on anti-Factor Xa activity, thrombin generation and lipase release measured. Concentrations of pentosan polysulphate were measured by a competitive binding assay and the mean peak level found to be 1.6 micrograms/ml. Anti-Xa clotting activity rose to 0.034 iu/ml and thrombin generation induced by lipid peroxides was inhibited by approximately 50%. Neither of these effects could be accounted for by the direct action of pentosan polysulphate at the concentrations measured. Pentosan polysulphate was very effective in releasing lipase, approximately 70-80% of the total enzyme activity being due to hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL). In vitro addition of purified HTGL to plasma markedly enhanced anti-Xa clotting activity, and caused a 70% inhibition of lipid peroxide induced thrombin generation. Anti-Xa activity of post-injection plasma was increased rather than neutralised by addition of polybrene, and this effect could be mimicked by addition of polybrene to plasma containing pentosan polysulphate and purified HTGL. It is concluded that, when given in low doses subcutaneously, pentosan polysulphate acts as an indirect anticoagulant, its major effects being due to release of HTGL.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Congenital mesoblastic nephroma of infancy associated with hypercalcemia.

We report a case of hypercalcemia associated with congenital mesoblastic nephroma. Hypercalcemia was corrected preoperatively and a nephrectomy was performed. Postoperatively, the serum calcium returned to normal. The patient has been followed for more than 18 months, during which time he has remained free of disease with normal serum calcium.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Inhibition of antithrombin III by lipid peroxides.

A study was made of the inhibition of antithrombin III (At III) activity by lipid peroxides prepared from autoxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. Lipid peroxides markedly reduced the thrombin neutralising activity of plasma and purified At III with or without albumin carrier. Heparin Sepharose chromatography and heparin cofactor assays suggested that the primary target of lipid peroxides on the At III molecule may be the heparin binding site. Results from electrophoretic studies suggested that interaction between lipid peroxides and At III increased the negative charge of the At III molecule; however, no aggregation of the At III molecule was observed. Lipid peroxidation is being increasingly recognised as a factor in the pathogenesis of several disease states, and it is possible that local inhibition of At III by lipid peroxides could contribute towards the development of a thrombotic event.

Antithrombin III↗
PubMed1985

Ethnocentric perception of childrearing practices in protective services.

The protective services system in the United States may be committing a form of institutional abuse of minority families if the professionals who work in that system are not sufficiently well versed in the unique childrearing practices of each culture in the communities the system represents. It is easy for misunderstandings to occur from an ethnocentric perspective, and these misunderstandings are unlikely to be in the minority group's favor. Although there is wide agreement that this represents a problem, there is not enough information readily available to allow protective service professionals to adopt a cross-cultural perspective in conducting their work. To discover some of the possible misunderstandings by the dominant American culture of subculture childrearing practices, this study was conducted through in-person interviews with members of six minority groups, Mexican-, Japanese-, Vietnamese-, Filipino- and Samoan-Americans and Blackfeet Indians, in three communities in conjunction with an evaluation of child abuse prevention demonstration projects. The themes of delegating responsibility to children and issues of dominance and submission emerged as areas for awareness and sensitivity on the part of child protective services.

Asian↗
PubMed1985

Bioengineering changes in spastic cerebral palsy groups following cerebellar stimulation.

Quantitative bioengineering tests were performed on 30 spastic cerebral palsy (CP) patients who underwent chronic cerebellar stimulation (CCS) using the fully implantable pulse generator (Neurolith 601, 1.1-1.8 microC/cm2/phase). Using respiratory inductive plethysmography to measure 8 patients with paroxysmal and/or ataxic breathing patterns, 5 were shown to revert to normal with 3 others markedly improved within 5 months of CCS. Compliance testing of the ankle was performed on 4 patients who showed improvement in 9 of the 16 tests performed. Motor performance ability was evaluated with 9 comprehensive tests in 17 patients. Following 1-2 weeks of CCS, 52% showed performance increases greater than 10%, increasing to 62% during the first year.

Cerebellum↗
PubMed1984

Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins are responsible for thrombin generation induced by lipid peroxides.

Previous studies have shown that lipid peroxides promote thrombin generation in platelet-poor plasma. In the present study, it has been shown that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, especially chylomicra of dietary origin, are responsible for this procoagulant activity. The generation of thrombin by lipid peroxides is also enhanced by their inhibitory action on antithrombin III. These results suggest a possible new relationship between dietary fat, lipid peroxidation and thrombus formation.

Antithrombin III↗
PubMed1984

Leukocyte-depleted blood: a comparison of available preparations.

Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions due to leukoagglutinins are frequently seen in patients who have been given multiple blood transfusions. To prevent or reduce the severity of these reactions, leukocyte-poor blood (that containing fewer than 0.3 X 10(9) leukocytes per unit) is frequently requested by clinicians. Four methods commonly used in Canada to produce leukocyte-poor blood were examined for their relative effectiveness and appropriate use. The mean total leukocyte count per unit was reduced to 0.22 X 10(9) in buffy-coat-poor red blood cell preparations produced by centrifugation with the blood bag inverted, to 0.19 X 10(9) by perfusion through an Imugard filter, to 0.21 X 10(9) by the use of an IBM 2991 automated cell washer and to 0.13 X 10(9) with the use of frozen blood. The proportion of red cells recovered varied from 62% with the inverted-spin method to 85% with the use of frozen blood. Comparison of these data and the percentage of leukocytes removed, the shelf life of the product, the cost of supplies and the preparation time indicated that the use of sophisticated machinery, such as the IBM cell washer, or of glycerolization plus washing of frozen cells is not warranted for most patients. Instead, patients who have febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions should initially be treated with a leukocyte-poor red cell preparation produced by the inverted-spin method; only if such reactions recur should the blood bank be requested to provide filtered, washed or frozen red cells.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1983

Cytotoxic effect of Pasteurella haemolytica on ovine bronchoalveolar macrophages in vitro.

Live Pasteurella haemolytica A1 was shown to have a cytotoxic effect on suspensions of sheep bronchoalveolar macrophages. Cytotoxic activity was also demonstrable in bacteria-free supernatants from suspensions containing P. haemolytica. Heat-killed and ultra-violet killed organisms of P. haemolytica and live Staphylococcus aureus were not toxic to sheep BAM. These results suggest that a bacterial cell-free cytotoxin is produced by metabolically active P. haemolytica. Guinea-pig peritoneal macrophages, McCoy and pig kidney epithelial cell suspensions were unaffected by live P. haemolytica and supernatant from P. haemolytica cultures, indicating that the cytotoxin may only affect phagocytic cells of ovine or bovine origin.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Reduction of intractable seizures using cerebellar stimulation.

Of the 32 patients with active intractable seizures, 27 had spastic cerebral palsy (CP) and 5 had epilepsy (EP), and all underwent chronic cerebellar stimulation (CCS) (amplitude 1-2 microC/cm2/phase, rate 10-180 pps, duration of implantation 0.5-7 years, average 4.5 years). Grand mal seizures occurred in 23 patients (19 CP, 4 EP); with CCS 17 patients stopped, 4 had a reduction, 3 were unchanged. Petit mal occurred in 9 patients (8 CP, 1 EP); with CCS 4 patients ceased seizuring, 3 reduced and 2 were unchanged. Myoclonic seizures were present in 6 patients (5 CP, 1 EP); with CCS 1 patient stopped, 3 had a reduction while 2 patients were unaffected. Severe psychomotor seizuring affected 2 EP patients, 1 had a marked behavioral improvement and finally stopped seizuring for the past 9 months. Overall, CCS stopped 18 (57%) of the patients seizuring, reduced a further 9 (28%), with no effect in 5 patients (15%).

Adolescent↗