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Biomedical subjects

E Gould

Publications and source records attributed to E Gould.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Low vision aids for preschool children.

A study was made of the use of low vision aids to augment the vision of children with very severe visual disability. This paper reports the results for 28 children, using a 'lobster pot' stand magnifier, 26 of whom were aged between 18 and 60 months. Success was evaluated by measuring functional vision for nursery-age learning material in aided and unaided conditions. Half the children showed improved functional vision and one-third retained the magnifier for continued use. The influence of visual power and developmental maturity in five key areas was explored. A two-year developmental level was shown to be adequate, with some interaction between developmental maturity and visual level. There was also a tendency for unaided functional vision to improve during the trial period with the magnifier at home.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Developing cholinergic basal forebrain neurons are sensitive to thyroid hormone.

The influence of thyroid hormone on the development of cholinergic neurons in nucleus basalis was assessed in hyperthyroid, hypothyroid, and euthyroid rats by use of CAT immunohistochemistry and single-section Golgi-impregnation histology. Animals were made either hyperthyroid by daily injections of 1.0 micrograms/gm body weight triiodothyronine starting at postnatal day (P) 3 or hypothyroid by providing 0.4% propylthiouracil in the diet of dams from P2. Compared to developing control rats, increased exposure to thyroid hormone resulted in accelerated expression of CAT in nucleus basalis neurons. Overshoot in cell body size, a normal developmental phenomenon of cholinergic neurons in the basal nuclear complex, occurred earlier in hyperthyroid brains and was of a greater magnitude than in controls. Furthermore, increased numbers of primary dendrites and dendritic branchpoints accompanied by dendritic and perisomal filopodia-like structures were observed for nucleus basalis neurons in hyperthyroid rats. These dendritic changes persisted throughout the second postnatal month. After the fifth postnatal week, cell body sizes of these hyperthyroid CAT-positive neurons began to decrease and by P50 were significantly less than controls or similarly treated animals at earlier ages. By P64, the number of cholinergic neurons in nucleus basalis was appreciably less than in age-matched controls. Hypothyroidism resulted in a delay of normal CAT expression that persisted throughout the third postnatal week. After this time, CAT staining increased until normal immunoreactivity was attained in cell bodies, fibers, and terminal regions by P35. A deficit in thyroid hormone during development prevented overshoot in perikaryal size and resulted in diminished cross-sectional areas throughout the cholinergic nucleus basalis at all ages examined. Hypothyroidism also prevented the normal overproduction of dendrites in those cells and produced stunted dendritic trees at all ages examined. These morphological abnormalities persisted throughout the second postnatal month. The effects of thyroid hormone on cholinergic projection neurons in the rat brain appeared relatively selective for cells in the basal nuclear complex because neither hypothyroid nor hyperthyroid treatment produced changes in the cell body areas of the phenotypically similar CAT-positive neurons of the pontomesencephalotegmental complex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Eccrine and squamous differentiation in Merkel cell carcinoma. An immunohistochemical study.

Of the 42 Merkel cell carcinomas that we studied, two showed numerous tubular structures within sheets and nests of small cells. The small cells stained for both neuron-specific enolase and keratin. The keratin decorated a dot-like paranuclear structure. The ducts stained positively for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CF-1 (cystic fibrosis-1, a monoclonal antibody that only stains eccrine duct and acrosyringium). Electron microscopy performed on one case showed cytoplasmic dense-core neurosecretory granules and intercellular lumina lined by cells containing microvilli. These ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features support the concept of eccrine differentiation in these tumors. A third case contained foci of typical keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma admixed with sheets of small cells. The immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of this tumor were essentially similar to those of a conventional Merkel cell carcinoma. Our findings suggest that Merkel cell carcinomas, similar to neuroendocrine tumors from other anatomic sites arise from a primitive totipotential stem cell that has the capacity to differentiate along different cell lines.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Scintigraphic and magnetic resonance studies in a patient with Gaucher's disease.

In-111 chloride imaging was used in the evaluation of a patient with Type I Gaucher's disease before splenectomy for pancytopenia. This case is the first report of its use in this clinical setting. The image demonstrated the presence of adequate marrow reserve, thereby suggesting that the pancytopenia was due to hypersplenism rather than marrow replacement. Normalization of blood counts after splenectomy confirmed this interpretation. Eight months later, the patient had acute pain in the left knee. Bone imaging suggested a left lateral tibial plateau fracture that was not seen on plain radiographs or magnetic resonance imaging, but was confirmed by x-ray tomography. The significance and implications of these findings are discussed.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1988

Esophageal biopsy findings in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): clinicopathologic correlation in 20 patients.

We reviewed 20 esophageal biopsy specimens from 180 adult patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Ten (50%) showed superficial Candida infection, and four revealed esophagitis due to cytomegalovirus. Candida was never invasive, even though it was associated with significant ulceration. Esophageal candidiasis did not necessarily imply the presence of oral candidiasis, and conversely, oral candidiasis did not imply esophageal candidiasis. Odynophagia was associated with significant histologic ulcerations in eight of ten patients. In the patients who had odynophagia, biopsy was almost equally likely to show Candida or viral cytopathic effect. We discuss the clinicopathologic implications of these findings.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.

We report the case a 69-year-old woman with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, present, apparently, since birth. To our knowledge, this case represents the longest reported duration of a dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Dermatopathic lymphadenitis. The spectrum and significance of its morphologic features.

The lymph nodes from 50 axillary node dissections were evaluated by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry for the presence of dermatopathic lymphadenitis-like histologic features. On the basis of hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections alone, a histologic continuum was observed ranging from minimal paracortical changes to fully developed dermatopathic lymphadenitis. Twenty-three lymph node biopsies previously interpreted as diagnostic of dermatopathic lymphadenitis were reviewed. Only nine of these showed the fully developed dermatopathic lymphadenitis. Only one of these patients had a dermatitis. Our conclusions are that the presence of dermatopathic lymphadenitis does not mean that the patient has concomitant skin disease, and that axillary lymph nodes from patients without skin disease manifest a spectrum of dermatopathic lymphadenitis-like histologic features. Dermatopathic lymphadenitis may represent one end of a normally occurring histologic spectrum that may be found in the absence of a dermatitis.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Transient expression of choline acetyltransferase-like immunoreactivity in Purkinje cells of the developing rat cerebellum.

The expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-like immunoreactivity was studied immunohistochemically in the cerebelli of developing rats. Brains were examined from the day of birth (postnatal day 1: P1) until adulthood. From P4 through P21, several Purkinje cells in the uvula, nodule, and flocculus of the cerebellum demonstrated ChAT-like immunoreactivity. After P23, no ChAT-positive neurons were observed in any region of the cerebellum. This finding paralleled the transient expression of acetylcholinesterase in Purkinje cells of these same cerebellar areas during development.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1987

Coexistent pemphigus vulgaris and Paget's disease of the nipple. An immunohistochemical study.

We report the coexistence of pemphigus vulgaris and Paget's disease of the nipple in a patient with a documented history of pemphigus and a 2-year complaint of an eczematous breast lesion. A biopsy taken from the lesion showed the characteristic histologic features of both pemphigus and Paget's disease of the nipple. Immunohistochemical technics revealed intercellular IgG deposits characteristic of pemphigus and intracellular staining with antibody to epithelial membrane antigen in the cytoplasm of Paget's cells. This report is the first describing the coexistence of these two distinct disease entities in one tissue sample. This case underscores the necessity of early biopsy of recalcitrant nipple lesions even in the presence of another, well-documented skin disorder.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1987

Dermatopathologic findings in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

We recently undertook a survey of all patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) seen at the University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Medical Center (UM/JMMC) and reviewed all skin biopsies received from these patients. Skin was the second most common organ biopsied; 36% of all patients (78/217) with AIDS had at least one skin biopsy. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), the most frequent diagnosis, was seen in 47% of the biopsy specimens. Cutaneous infection, most commonly herpes simplex infection, was present in 19%. Atypical presentations of common dermatologic infections were also seen. Among the patients with neither KS nor infection, 16 had a vacuolar type of interface dermatitis.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Cholinergic neurons in the rat substantia nigra.

The distribution of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-like immunoreactivity (LI), demonstrated according to an avidin-biotin procedure, was evaluated in the substantia nigra (SN) of rats. Although ChAT positivity was considerably less in the nigral neuropil than in the interpeduncular nucleus, it was also higher, particularly in caudal pars reticulata, than background as exampled by ChAT staining in the mesencephalic tegmentum, medial lemniscus and cerebral peduncle. Unexpectedly, a few ChAT-containing cells (approximately 1-5 per brain section) were also observed within the borders of pars reticulata of the substantia nigra but only at caudal levels. These latter cells were large (20-30 microns in maximum soma extent) and were morphologically similar to ChAT-positive neurons in, for example, the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus and substantia innominata. Although the origins of ChAT-LI in the nigral neuropil are unknown, possible sources include the processes of intranigral ChAT-containing cells, as well as extranigral cholinergic neurons. It is suggested that the ChAT-positive cells in the SN may be ectopically located neurons of the pontomesencephalotegmental cholinergic system.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Benign hypergammaglobulinemic purpura of Waldenström associated with Sjögren's syndrome. Case report and review of immunologic aspects.

Since its first description, fewer than 150 cases of benign hypergammaglobulinemic purpura of Waldeström have been reported. There is a preponderance of females with this disorder, which is characterized by long-standing purpuric vasculitic lesions usually in the lower extremities, increased sedimentation rate, anemia, leukopenia, and hyperglobulinemia with a normal clotting process. Numerous associations have been shown between this and other systemic disorders such as Sjögren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, a rheumatoid arthritis. A 40-year-old woman is described who had an 18-year history of recurrent purpura and increased IgG levels. Skin biopsy showed acute vasculitis, and immunofluorescent study revealed fibrinogen precipitation and C3 deposition. Serologic evaluation demonstrated the presence of rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibodies (1:80). Raji assay showed increased circulating immune complexes, and the T cell subsets were normal. The purpura was associated with symptoms and physical findings of Sjögren's syndrome. On the basis of serologic and skin biopsy findings, an autoimmune origin of the disease is postulated.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Regurgitation in gorillas: possible model for human eating disorders (rumination/bulimia).

Regurgitation and reingestion behavior in gorillas is compared with two human disorders, rumination and bulimia. Eighty-four percent of captive gorillas that are more than 5 years old regurgitate and reingest. Comparisons are made on the basis of ontogeny, context, motor pattern, and intervention. There are more similarities between regurgitation and reingestion and rumination than between regurgitation and reingestion and bulimia. Regurgitation and reingestion resembles bulimia in parental/infant separation, lack of eating control, methods of induction, and some aspects of motor pattern. Regurgitation and reingestion resembles rumination in disrupted maternal/infant communication, context of the behavior (enjoy the taste of the regurgitant), several aspects of motor pattern, and treatment (increased food volume).

Animals↗
PubMed1986

S100-protein-containing dendritic cells in fetal and newborn epidermis and thymus.

Skin and thymus were obtained from abortuses of varying ages and from neonatal autopsies to determine if S100-protein-containing dendritic cells were present. Using an unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase method, we could not detect these dendritic cells in epidermis prior to live birth, but did detect them at all fetal ages in thymus. Within 24 hours of live, full-term delivery, dendritic cells containing S100 protein were identified in epidermis.

Fetus↗
PubMed1986

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome associated with Acanthamoeba infection and other opportunistic organisms.

A 29-year-old Haitian man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presented with nasal obstruction and epistaxis. A computed tomogram of the head showed thickened nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa. A biopsy specimen of the turbinate disclosed inflammatory tissue containing amoebic trophozoites. The patient was empirically treated with rifampin and ketoconazole. He died four months after biopsy of other complications of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. At autopsy, the amoebic infection was found only in the paranasal sinuses, a calf nodule, and in an intradermal abscess in the left leg. Pneumocystitis carinii pneumonia, Mycobacterium avium-cellulare in the liver and retroperitoneal lymph nodes, cytomegalovirus infection of the adrenal glands, and Kaposi's sarcoma in the spleen were additionally present. The organism was cultured and studied by electron microscopy, dark-field microscopy, and immunofluorescence.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Systemic mastocytosis with portal hypertension. Autopsy findings and ultrastructural study of the liver.

Systemic mastocytosis is a rare cause of portal hypertension with only two previously reported cases to our knowledge. A 51-year-old man who was seen with intractable diarrhea and abdominal distention was found to have this combination at autopsy. At autopsy the liver showed bridging portal fibrosis. Subendothelial collagen deposition was demonstrated ultrastructurally. We present the possible mechanisms of portal hypertension in systemic mastocytosis.

Humans↗