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Biomedical subjects

E Goldstein

Publications and source records attributed to E Goldstein.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Effect of inhaling medication vapors from a colds preparation on murine pulmonary bacterial defense systems.

The usefulness of murine pulmonary defense systems as a means for assessing potential toxicity was further confirmed. Recent investigations had indicated that the effects of a chemical agent on mucociliary transport and phagocytic function comprised a sensitive indicator. As one example of such an application, because of the wide usage of proprietary colds preparations containing volatile oils, as well as the use of such oils in various industries, it is important to reassess the potential of such preparations for toxicity when new test systems become available. Mice and rats were exposed to vapors of camphor, menthol, eucalyptol, and turpentine, as contained in a commonly used colds preparation, for 4 and 8 hr prior to challenge with aerosols of radiolabeled Staphylococcus aureus. The exposure system simulated conditions present when the colds preparation is vaporized according to directions for use. Rates of pulmonary bacterial transport and inactivation, as well as of phagocytic ingestion, were determined following exposure to the colds preparation. Each of these rates was unchanged by the treatment. Thus, in this biological system exposure to therapeutic levels of the colds preparation did not impair mucociliary or phagocytic function.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Murine pulmonary alveolar macrophages: rates of bacterial ingestion, inactivation, and destruction.

The component processes of phagocytosis (ingestion, inactivation, and destruction of bacteria) were studied in mice by histological and microbiological techniques after aerosol infection with Staphylococcus aureus. Rates of bacterial ingestion and inactivation were (respectively): 0 hr, 37.7% and 0; 1 hr, 64.5% and 45.8%; 2 hr, 75.9% and 67.9%; 4 hr, 82.4% and 84.1%; and 8 hr, 90.7% and 94.8%. Bacterial destruction began 2-4 hr after aerosol infection and affected 80% of the bacteria by 8 hr. Comparison of these processes indicated that bacterial ingestion occurred before inactivation and was 76% complete at 2 hr. Inactivation resulted in death of 84% of the bacteria at 4 hr, and 80% of the bacteria were at least partially destroyed by 8 hr. The mechanism of X-irradiation-induced depression of pulmonary bacterial inactivation was studied in syngeneic mice protected from lethal effects of X-irradiation by chest and pelvic shields or by transplantation of 2 times 10(6) bone marrow cells. Impairments in bacterial inactivation resulted from diminished ingestion of bacteria by macrophages.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1975

Demography and evolution of an urban ethnic community: Polish Hill, Pittsburgh.

Polish Hill is an urban, ethnic enclave of approximately 3000 residents residing in a 25-block area of Pittsburgh. This paper documents changes in the fertility, morbidity, and mortality patterns in the community from the turn of the century to the present. The demographic reconstruction is based upon baptismal and marriage records, the administration of demographic proformae and population censuses. The high mortality, morbidity, and fertility variance suggest that the immigrant population has experienced a period of high opportunity for selection in the early 1900's and that Crow's index was gradually reduced to its present level.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Penetration of antimicrobial agents into bronchial secretions.

The entry of ampicillin, cephalothin and gentamicin into traceobronchopulmonary secretions/exudates was assessed in 22 patients during 28, episodes of pneumonia or bronchitis. Specimens were collected from the lower respiratory tract via tracheostomies or endotracheal tubes using either the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope (50 specimens) or an intratracheal catheter (59 specimens). Venous blood was obtained at the same time. The concentrations in the bronchial specimens were less than those in the corresponding serums, amounting to about 10 per cent with ampicillin, 25 per cent with cephalothin and equal to or greater than 40 per cent with gentamicin.

Adult↗
PubMed1974

Pulmonary alveolar macrophage. Defender against bacterial infection of the lung.

The rate of ingestion of inhaled bacteria by pulmonary alveolar macrophages is an important determinant of host defense. This parameter was investigated by infecting rats with finely dispersed aerosols bearing Staphylococcus aureus in high concentrations (about 10(s) bacteria/ft(3)/min). These aerosols deposited more than 10(6) bacteria/murine lung. At 0, 2(1/2), and 5 h after infection, bacterial clearance rates were measured in the left lung, and the intracellular or extracellular location of 100 bacteria was determined histologically in the right lung (perfused in situ). The clearance rates at 2(1/2) and 5 h were 44.5% and 76.9%, respectively. The percentages of intracellular bacteria were: 0 h, 54.8%; 2(1/2) h, 87.1%: 5 h, 91.9%. When rats were exposed for 4 h to 2.5 ppm of ozone (O(3)), bacterial clearance did not occur - 15.3%, although 78.7% of the bacteria were intracellular. Clumps of more than 10 bacteria-usually intracellular-were also present. These experiments demonstrate that phagocytic ingestion is an exceedingly rapid process, that in this experimental model the inactivation of inhaled staphylococci results almost entirely from phagocytosis, and that ozone-induced reductions in bacterial clearance are due to severe impairment of intrapulmonary killing mechanisms and minor impairment of bacterial ingestion.

Aerosols↗