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Biomedical subjects

E Goldstein

Publications and source records attributed to E Goldstein.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Lipocorticotropic peptides in Cushing's disease: in vitro studies].

The immunologic patterns of 3 human pituitary adenomas of Cushing's disease have been studied after gel exclusion chromatography (Sephadex G-50). The immunologic characteristics were examined with three radioimmunoassays specific for human corticotropin (ACTH), lipotropin (LPH) and beta-endorphin (beta-End). In cell tumor extracts, chromatographic peaks corresponding to beta-LPH, gamma-LPH, beta-End and ACTH were identified. The ACTH/beta-LP-beta-End ratio was 1 in the 3 cases. Additionally, in the 3 cases, a chromatographic peak, partially cross-reacting in the beta-End assay, was eluted after beta-End, thus suggesting the presence of a fragment of the molecule. In 1 case, a peak of large molecular weight material with N- and C-terminal beta-LPH and ACTH immunoreactivity was observed, which corresponded to the precursor material. The release and the effects of various stimuli were studied on dispersed tumor cells in primary culture. The tumor cells had a biphasic basal secretion rate with a rapid increase of ACTH/beta-LPH-beta-End in the culture medium during the first 2 h. Then the release, studied during 2 days, was slower. Chromatographic studies showed that the beta-LPH/beta-End ratio was 0.8 in the cells and 0.3 in the medium, due essentially to the release of beta-End and beta-End-like materials. The cells released ACTH and beta-LPH-beta-End in equimolar ratio after stimulation with arginine vasopressin (AVP). The maximum effect was obtained with 10(-6) M AVP (D50 = 1 10(-9) M). Dibutyryl cyclic AMP (2. 10(-3) M) induced maximal release of ACTH/beta-LPH-beta-End. This stimulation was suppressed by a 48-hour preincubation with dexamethasone (10(-8)-10(-6) M). There was no effect of TRH and LH-RH on cell release. Dopamine (10(-6) M) specifically blocked the release of ACTH/beta-LPH-beta-End in 1 case. These data showed (a) heterogeneity of chromatographic profiles from case to case; (b) the presence of material in the tumor, cell extracts and culture medium corresponding to fragment(s) of beta-End; (c) culture studies demonstrated that tumor cells remain responsive to AVP stimulation and dexamethasone suppression, and (d) the dopamine inhibition of ACTH and beta-End release needs further investigation.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1980

Diagnostic value of gallium and bone scans in evaluation of extrapulmonary coccidioidal lesions.

The value of 67Ga and methylene diphosphonate labeled with 99mTc in detecting extrapulmonary lesions was evaluated in 12 patients win whom disseminated nonmeningeal coccidioidomycosis developed after a single epidemic exposure in December 1977. Studies were performed with each radionuclide from 4 to 9 months after infection. Comparison of scintigraphy with radiography showed that eight of 14 osteolytic lesions identified by radiography were present on the bone and gallium scans; four were present only on the gallium scan, and two were undetected. Of 15 additional lesions present in both scanning procedures, eight were not present in matching roentgenograms and seven were in unstudied areas. Gallium scans detected seven of 14 soft tissue lesions. Few diagnostically confusing noninfectious lesions were observed. Because nuclear scanning detected almost all lesions present in radiographs and demonstrated otherwise unrecognized lesions, scans should be performed in all patients in whom coccidioidal dissemination is suspected.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Pulsatile lavage in the management of postoperative wound infections.

High-pressure pulsatile lavage is more effective than conventional irrigation in cleansing recently contaminated wounds. This method of irrigation was applied to postoperative infections in an attempt to lower wound bacterial counts to 10(5) or fewer organisms per gram of tissue, a level predictive of safe primary reclosure. Sequential wound biopsies for quantitative bacterial analysis demonstrated that high-pressure lavage is more effective than conventional irrigation in lowering bacterial counts in postoperative staphylococcal wound infections in guinea pigs. However, reductions were transient and did not lower counts sufficiently to permit safe reclosure. In contrast to results in newly contaminated wounds, pulsatile lavage of postoperative infections did not have therapeutic benefit. Reclosure of wounds with greater than 10(5) organisms per gram of tissue is unsafe even after five days of therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effect of ozone on lysosomal enzymes of alveolar macrophages engaged in phagocytosis and killing of inhaled Staphylococcus aureus.

The role of lysosomal enzymes in the inactivation of inhaled bacteria by alveolar macrophages was studied in rats infected with aerosols of Staphylococcus aureus and then exposed for 5 hr to 2.5 ppm of ozone to determine whether pollutant-induced defects in phagocytic killing were associated with reduction in enzyme activity. Rates of bacterial ingestion and the activities of cellular acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase were measured simultaneously in in situ perfused right lungs by sequential staining of frozen sections for enzyme and bacteria. Quantitative measurements of enzyme activity within macrophages without ingested bacteria were made with a computer-controlled cytospectrophotometry system. Exposure to ozone resulted in diminished rates of bacterial clearance and ingestion, large increases in numbers of intra- and extracellular staphylococcal microcolonies, and an absence of enzyme activity for macrophages containing bacterial microcolonies. Enzyme activity was unimpaired in macrophages without ingested bacteria. These results, in which absence of enzyme activity occurred only in macrophages subjected to the dual insults of ozone exposure and ingested bacteria, prove a relationship between impairment in bactericidal capacity and cellular activities of lysosomal enzymes.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1978

Effect of protein A on the antistaphylococcal defence mechanisms of the murine lung.

The importance of IgG attached to protein A in the initial reaction of inspired Staphylococcus aureus and alveolar macrophages was studied by infecting unimmunized mice with aerosols of S. aureus strains 566 and Wood 46 with high and low protein A content. At 2, 4, and 8 hr after infection, the presence of IgG attached to S. aureus and rates of staphylococcal ingestion and killing by macrophages were determined. IgG was detected by staining of sections of the right lung with fluorescein-labeled goat antibody to mouse IgG. For S. aureus strain 566, 25%--40% of the total number of bacteria, as determined in equivalently sized subjacent sections stained by the Brown and Brenn tissue gram stain, contained attached IgG. A few S. aureus strain Wood 46 were surrounded by dimly fluorescing complexes. Since rates of bacterial ingestion and killing were similar for both strains in this in vivo model of infection, IgG binding to protein A does not affect the bactericidal capacity of alveolar macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Lung response to congenitally athymic (nude), heterozygous, and Swiss Webster mice to aerogenic and intranasal infection by Nocardia asteroides.

Congenitally athymic (nude, Nu/Nu), heterozygous (Nu/+), and Swiss Webster mice were exposed to virulent Nocardia asteroides GUH-2 inhaled from aerosols or administered intranasally. Clearance of the bacteria from the lungs was determined at 6 h and 1, 2, 3 and 7 days after infection. N. asteroides aspirated into the lungs from intranasal administration were killed less rapidly and induced more severe pulmonary infections than did comparable numbers of organisms inhaled from aerosols. Bacterial clearance and histological data indicated that nude mice were significantly more susceptible to nocardial infection than were heterozygous littermates or Swiss Webster mice. From these data we conclude that: (i) pulmonary defenses cope less well with intranasally administered N. asteroides than with aerosolized organisms, (ii) alveolar macrophages alone appear not to be an efficient barrier to nocardial infections, and (iii) T cells are important to pulmonary clearance and prevention of dissemination of N. asteroides from the lung.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Treatment of adolescent phencyclidine (PCP) abusers.

Little data exists relative to ongoing treatment of adolescent phencyclidine (PCP) abusers. This paper presents data gathered on a cohort of 87 residents in an adolescent social rehabilitation program. Approximately 50% of this cohort were either chronic or occasional PCP users. Both groups were found to be regular users of other drugs. Demographic characteristics are described, as are behaviors and symptoms reflective of various emotional and behavioral problems. When length of stay on non-PCP users and occasional and chronic users were compared, it was found that chronic users remain in treatment longest. No PCP-induced psychosis was found. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, aggitation, and other reported psychological effects of PCP were seen. Considerations for treatment are briefly discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Rapid treatment of percodan addiction: a case report.

This is a case study of narcotic addiction in which the patient was completely withdrawn from 12 to 20 Percodan tablets daily within 7 days. Signs and symptoms of the Abstinence Syndrome were minor and required minimal medication for their control. In addition, no electroshock treatment was necessary, nor were any other narcotic or other drug substituted for the Percodan.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Considerations in diagnosing brain abscess with computerized axial tomography.

Four studies with computerized axial tomography (CT scan) were performed in a 20-year-old man in whom multiple brain abscesses developed while hospitalized for complications of regional enteritis. A large frontal lobe abscess appeared as a nonspecific region of decreased density on the initial CT scans. When iodine was used to enhance the diagnostic sensitivity of the CT scan, this areas was identifiable as an abscess. However, a 1-cm lesion in the right parietal area that extended into the choroid plexus was not delineated. Radionuclide scans detected both lesions, but did not allow pathological identification. We conclude that CT scans should be performed with iodine enhancement whenever brain abscesses are suspected, and that some abscesses that are undetected by CT scans even with iodine enhancment may be delineated but not identified by sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m imaging.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Effect of influenza viral infection on the ingestion and killing of bacteria by alveolar macrophages.

In experimental animals, influenza prediposes the lung to superinfection by reducing the antibacterial efficiency of the alveolar macrophage system. Because such defects may represent abnormalities in ingestion or inactivation of inhaled bacteria, these subcomponents of phagocytosis were tested in mice infected 5 days previously with influenza A virus (NWS or WSN). The mice were exposed to aerosols of Staphylococcus epidermidis and then the rates of bacterial inactivation and percentages of intracellularly located staphylococci were measured. Rates of bacterial inactivation were determined for the left lung by pour-plate enumeration methods. The percentage of ingested bacteria was determined in the in situ perfused right lung by histologically determining the intra- or extracellular location of 100 or more staphylococci. Rates of inactivation of S. epidermidis at 4 hours after bacterial challenge were: control, 90.1 per cent; WSN, 73.0 per cent; NWS, 68.6 per cent, P less than 0.01. The percentage of intracellular staphylococci at 4 hours were: control, 90.9 per cent; WSN, 69.9 per cent; and NWS, 73.8 per cent, P less than 0.01. Microcolonies of proliferating staphylococci were also observed within macrophages of mice infected with each strain of influenza. These experiments demonstrated that in this experimental model, influenzal infection impairs the inactivation of inhaled bacteria by retarding the ingestion of bacteria and by allowing bacteria to proliferate within macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Fate and distribution of inhaled nitrogen dioxide in rhesus monkeys.

The intra- and extrapulmonary distributions of inspired nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were studied by exposing rhesus monkeys to air mixtures containing concentrations slightly greater than ambient (0.56 to 1.71 mg per m3, or 0.30 to 0.91 ppm) of NO2 labeled with tracer quantities of NO2 containing nitrogen-13 dioxide (13NO2). The 13NO2 (half-time, 10 min) was synthesized by the oxygen-16 (P, alpha)13N nuclear reaction in an isochronous cyclotron. The intrapulmonary location and concentration of the inspired 13NO2 was detected continuously by external monitoring of the annihilation radiation consequent to positron emissions from disintegrating 13N. The 13N concentration of arterial blood was also measured at intervals, and the blood values were correlated with those from the lung. Chemical measurements of NO2 concentration in inspired and expired air were performed by the Saltman method. Control studies were performed with xenon-125 (125Xe) (halftime, 17 hours). The results demonstrated that 50 to 60% of the inspired pollutant was retained by the primate during quiet respiration; the gas was distributed throughout the lungs. Once absorbed, NO2 or chemical intermediates remained within the lungs for prolonged periods after cessation of exposure, and dissemination of the pollutant or its derivatives to extrapulmonary sites occurred via the blood stream. Indirect evidence indicated the probable reaction of NO2 with water in the nasopharynx and lungs to form nitric and nitrous acids. The reaction of these acids with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tissues probably accounts for the biologic toxicity of NO2.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Neonatal lung defense mechanisms: a study of the alveolar macrophage system in neonatal rabbits.

Abnormal function of the alveolar macrophage system may explain the enhanced susceptibility to pulmonary infection in human neonates. This hypothesis was investigated by infecting 1- to 14-day-old rabbits with aerosols of Staphylococcus aureus and then measuring in situ rates of bacterial ingestion, inactivation, and destruction in the lapine lung. The inhaled staphylococci were killed within the lungs of 1-day-old rabbits at a significantly slower rate than that for 7- and 14-day-old rabbits (P less than 0.05). Much of this decrease was due to diminished rates of bacterial ingestion by alveolar macrophages of younger animals. Staphylococci were also killed and destroyed less rapidly within these macrophages, but these differences could not be tested for significance.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Pharmacist's role in loss and grief.

The role of the pharmacist in helping to guide the patient and his family through the grief and bereavement process of death is described. The somatic and psychological components of grief and the five psychological stages of dying--denial and isolation, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance--are discussed. The pharmacist's role is one of understanding, tolerance and empathy for the dying patient and his family.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1976

Poliovirus-induced inhibition of polypeptide initiation in vitro on native polyribosomes.

The inhibition of HeLa cell protein synthesis by poliovirus was studied by examining initiation in vitro on endogenous host polyribosomes. At an early stage, before major viral RNA replication and protein synthesis begins, the initiation of translation on cellular mRNA is strongly inhibited. Fractionation of extracts from infected cells shows that the lesion is associated mainly with the crude polyribosome fraction. The cellular mRNA appears unchanged and is as active as mRNA from control cells in stimulating incorporation. The native ribosomal subunits and KCl-washed polyribosomes from the infected cells are also active. Only the ribosomal wash fraction prepared from the inhibited polyribosomes had reduced activity. However, the reduction in the ribosomal wash activity measured in a reconstructed system is not as large as the inhibition seen with "native" polyribosomes. The results indicate that a viral induced inhibition is probably associated with the ribosomal wash fraction, but the reconstructed system is not equivalent to the "native" inhibited system.

Cell-Free System↗