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Biomedical subjects

E Goldberg

Publications and source records attributed to E Goldberg.

260 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Mesothelioma mortality among former asbestos-cement workers in Israel, 1953-90.

Asbestos workers have long been recognized as a high risk group for the development of mesothelioma and other cancers. In this study we collated from a variety of sources 26 mesothelioma deaths that occurred between 1978 and 1990 among a cohort of some 4,441 former workers from an asbestos-cement plant in northern Israel. Since the expected number of deaths for this number of Israeli males in this age-group over this period is 0.12 cases, the risk of this disease was more than 223 times the national rate, age and sex adjusted [standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 22,351, P < 0.001]. The mean years of exposure of persons who died from mesothelioma was 16.2 (SE 2.5). The mean latency period for mesothelioma cases from onset of exposure to death was 25.6 years (SE 1.3). Additional follow-up systems are needed to ensure complete reporting of asbestos-related diseases, including epidemiologic follow-up of asbestos-exposed workers after cessation of their work, with regular analysis of death and cancer registry data for high risk groups. Asbestos-related cancer is an important element in cancer epidemiology that requires further development in Israel. Studies of former workers, their families and of persons who worked or attended school adjacent to the asbestos-cement factory, as well as follow-up of other former worker groups exposed to asbestos are recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Motion sickness-like syndrome among tank simulator drivers.

A military tank driving simulator has recently been introduced as a training aid for tank drivers in the Israel Defense Forces. Reports of nausea and vomiting among the first users of the simulator launched our investigation of the possible existence of a motion sickness-like syndrome among simulator drivers. Although the 59 subjects drove the simulator without any report of vomiting, other motion sickness-like symptoms were frequently reported. A comparison of symptoms reported after simulator and real tank driving show that dizziness, nausea, disorientation and hypersalivation were more frequently reported by simulator drivers and were of greater intensity. However, sweating and drowsiness were more prevalent among real tank drivers. The objective effect of driving the simulator was evaluated by instability and performance tests that were conducted before, during and after driving the simulator. A greater decrement in test results was observed among subjects reporting higher frequency of motion sickness-like symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recurrent deletions involving chromosomes 1, 5, 17, and 18 in colorectal carcinoma: possible role in biological and clinical behavior of tumors.

We have employed cytogenetic and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis to identify a full spectrum of cytogenetic and molecular alterations associated with initiation and progression of "sporadic" colorectal cancer and also to correlate the alterations with biological and clinical behavior of the tumors. The study series included 63 colorectal cancers, 47 primary and 16 metastatic recurrences. Cytogenetic analysis was successful in 48 tumors (76%) of which 44 (91%) were abnormal. Of these 44 tumors, clonal abnormalities were identified in 43, whereas chromosomes from one tumor were unsuitable for complete analysis. Each of these abnormal tumors displayed heterogeneity with regard to extent and complexity of recurrent chromosomal abnormalities. Numerical losses of chromosomes 17 and 18 (20-34%) and gains of chromosome 7 (28%) were significantly higher. The four most frequent structural rearrangements on the other hand, involved specific regions of chromosomes 1p, 5q, 17p, and 18q. The shortest regions of overlap of these rearrangements or losses were located at 1p36, 5q21-22, 17p13 and 18q21- > ter. RFLP analysis directed at 1p, 5q, 17p and 18q identified allelic deletions of these regions in 39 tumors (64%) which included 17 normal and 11 cytogenetic failures. Of all the informative tumors, 32%, 37%, 31%, and 63% showed allelic losses at chromosomes 1p, 5q, 17p and 18q respectively. The two methods of analysis (cytogenetics and RFLP) employed to identify genetic alterations were complementary; probes for chromosome 1 and 18 showed the greatest degree of concordance, whereas probes for chromosomes 5 and 17 provided relatively higher rate of discordance with cytogenetic results. These differences could be attributed mainly to three reasons: 1) a limited number of probes used for RFLP analysis; 2) contamination of tumor cells with normal cells, and 3) either mutational inactivation or deletion of specific alleles not closely linked to the probes used. Regardless of these limitations, however, the combined use of cytogenetic and RFLP identified genetic alterations in a large number of tumors and help elucidate the role of hyperdiploidy and/or relative deficiency of a given chromosomal segment in expression of recessive mutations. In addition, alterations of either chromosomes 1 or 17 predicted poorer survival for the patients with primary colorectal cancer (p = 0.03).

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health education for Ethiopian immigrants in Israel, 1991-92.

A health education program was developed to address the immediate needs of 20,000 Ethiopian immigrants to Israel in 1991. This modular program included: the use of health services, nutrition, prescription medication use, prevention of home accidents, first-aid and personal hygiene. Using an anthropological orientation, the program attempted to bridge the cultural gap regarding the health promotion skills of this population that had moved from a developing country to a new, Western society in Israel. The program was implemented throughout the country by specially trained veteran Ethiopian immigrants, some of whom were also health professionals, using newly developed visual tools. Over 4,300 adults participated in the program between August 1991 and August 1992. The program was positively accepted by the participants, who expressed their satisfaction with the content and materials. The tools developed were deemed successful in their cultural sensitivity, flexibility to local needs, and clarity. We suggest that various modules of the program continue to be implemented in order to address the rapidly changing health behavior needs of the Ethiopian immigrants in Israel, and that new modules be developed.

Cultural Deprivation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human testis-specific lactate dehydrogenase-C promoter drives overexpression of mouse lactate dehydrogenase-1 cDNA in testes of transgenic mice.

The three isozymes of lactate dehydrogenase, each encoded by a separate gene, are developmentally regulated and differentially expressed in tissue-specific patterns. The lactate dehydrogenase-C (LDHC, mouse Ldh3) gene is temporally expressed exclusively in the germ line during spermatogenesis, whereas lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDHA, mouse Ldh1) and B (LDHB, mouse Ldh2) genes are active in somatic tissues. To determine, therefore, whether overexpression of Ldh1 would perturb spermatogenesis, we constructed a transgene in which a sequence from the promoter region of human LDHC was coupled with mouse Ldh1 cDNA. Among nine (three males, six females) founder lines that were identified as being transgenic for the construct, one male transmitted the gene through its germ line. Homo- and heterotetramers containing the LDH-A subunit were detected in homogenates of testes from transgenic animals. We conclude that the human LDHC promoter contains the necessary regulatory sequence(s) for specific expression of mouse Ldh1 as a transgene during spermatogenesis. The fertility of the founder animal was not impaired.

Animals↗