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Biomedical subjects

E Ginter

Publications and source records attributed to E Ginter.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Long-term hypolipaemic effect of apple pulp on golden hamsters with alimentary hyperlipoproteinaemia.

Golden hamsters with alimentary hyperlipoproteinaemia (fed on a diet in which 44% of the energy was accounted for by fats, 52 mg cholesterol (CH)/100 g) were given apple pulp (10% of the diet) for six months. From the end of the first month up to the end of the experiment, elevation of serum CH, triacylglycerol (TG) and phospholipid (PL) levels and CH and TG accumulation in the liver were effectively inhibited. At the close of the experiment, hyperlipoproteinaemia was characterized by an increase in the amount of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), which carried 60-80% of all circulating lipids, accounted for over 70% of the total lipoprotein pool and transported almost 60% of the serum CH (high density lipoproteins--HDL--only 16%). The apple diet markedly reduced (by 50-80%) the amount of all lipids in the lipoproteins within density limits of 1,006-1,063 kg/m3 and lowered the total lipid concentration in these density classes and in the lipoprotein pool as a whole (by 50%). The proportion of the individual lipoprotein classes in the lipoprotein pool was not significantly affected. The apple diet did not affect either the chemical composition of HDL or their participation in the lipoprotein pool, but raised the proportion of serum CH transported in this lipoprotein class. Neither the lipoprotein lipase activity of the adipose tissue nor lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity were influenced by the apple diet.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1990

[Blood cholesterol levels and mortality in cancer].

Prospective studies carried out in different parts of the world, with the most extensive one comprising 360,00 American men followed up over a period of 7-8 years, have found that the total serum cholesterol level correlates inversely with subsequent mortality for cancer. On excluding the first years following the determination of cholesterol level this inverse relationship decreases or disappears completely. The cholesterol level keeps decreasing for at least two years prior to death caused by cancer. Patients suffering from a malignant process are frequently found to have very low cholesterol levels and that even when they are in a good nutritional condition. The effect of the preclinical stage of cancer on the metabolism of plasma lipoproteins is presumed to account for the inverse correlation observed between cholesterol level and cancer. The rapidly multiplying cancer cells require great amounts of cholesterol to build up their new membranes and therefore increase the activity of receptors binding plasma low-density lipoproteins (LDL). This mechanism speeds up the transfer of plasma cholesterol into cancer cells. According to some reports increased cholesterol supply by food enhances the risk of cancer both in humans and experimental animals. Changes in the nutritional pattern aimed at preventing ischemic heart disease (reduced intake of satured animal fat and cholesterol) may be associated with a lower risk for malignancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Nutrition in the prevention of ischemic heart disease].

The survey presents current knowledge on the role of nutrition in prevention of hypercholesterolemia and ischemic heart disease. From the standpoint of their role in atherogenesis, nutritional factors can be divided into protective and risk factors. The group of protective factors includes n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid, plant sterols, plant lecithins, some fiber components (e.g. pectin), plant proteins (e.g. soybean), vitamin C, vitamin E, magnesium, potassium, calcium, chromium, and selenium. The group of risk factors comprises saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, sucrose, sodium, vitamin D, and ethanol. After World War II the development of food consumption in Czechoslovakia resulted in an imbalanced state persisting for some decades now which is characterized by a high involvement of risk factors (high consumption of meat, sausages, animal fats, eggs, common salt, and alcoholic beverages) and by a low involvement of protective factors (low consumption of vegetables, fruit, potatoes, legumes, fish, and roughly milled grain). The imbalance of risk and protective factors in nutrition is conceivably one of the main causes of the extremely high mortality from cardiovascular diseases in Czechoslovakia. The current unfavorable trend in the rate of ischemic heart disease and in life expectancy of the population in Czechoslovakia can not be reversed without substantial changes in the composition of nutrition.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1989

Vitamin C lowers mutagenic and toxic effect of hexavalent chromium in guinea pigs.

The mutagenic effect of intraperitoneally injected K2Cr2O7 was significantly higher in vitamin C-deficient guinea pigs than in animals fed diet with high vitamin C content. Mutagenic and toxic effects of hexavalent chromium were more expressed in vitamin C-deficient guinea pigs administered K2Cr2O7 in drinking water: the number of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes of bone marrow was increased, and the activity of O-demethylase and the levels of cytochromes P-450 and b5 in liver microsomes were decreased. In guinea pigs fed high vitamin C diet the same doses of bichromate in drinking water evoked no mutagenic changes in the bone marrow and no changes in microsomal enzymes in the liver. These results indicate that high intake of ascorbic acid in the diet reduces mutagenic effects of K2Cr2O7 and its toxic influence on drug metabolizing enzymes in hepatocytes. The protective effect ascorbic acid consists most probably in the enhanced extracellular and intracellular reduction of hexavalent chromium to the less toxic and less mutagenic trivalent chromium.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Influence of age on the kinetics of vitamin C catabolism in guinea-pigs.

Pharmacokinetic analysis methods were used to evaluate the course of vitamin C catabolism in male guinea-pigs aged 3-5 weeks (weighting 255 g) and five months (weighing 570 g) given a diet containing no vitamin C. The vitamin C content of most of the organs and tissues of the younger experimental animals was depleted significantly more rapidly than in the older guinea pigs. At the same time, the half-time ascorbate elimination values were lower in the younger animals, in all the tissues analysed. As distinct from the older animals, vitamin C catabolism in the younger guinea-pigs had a biphasic character -- an extremely fast phase from the 1st to the 3rd day and a slower phase, comparable to the rate in older animals, from the 4th to the 17th day of administration of the scorbutogenic diet. The findings indicate that ascorbate metabolism in young organisms has specific characteristics, which ought to be taken into account when assessing and specifying the vitamin C requirements of the youngest section of the human population.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Parabolic response of hepatic microsomal hydroxylating system and lipids to graded doses of ascorbic acid in guinea pigs on low and high alpha-tocopherol intake.

The influence of marginal ascorbic acid (AA) deficiency and excessive AA consumption on hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450, aniline hydroxylase and O-demethylase, serum and liver cholesterol, serum triglycerides and liver alpha-tocopherol was investigated in guinea pigs with low and high vitamin E intake. Male guinea pigs were fed 9 weeks a scorbutogenic diet low in vitamin E (6 mg alpha-tocopherol per kilogram diet), supplemented with four levels of AA: A, deficient, 1 mg AA per animal per day per os; B, control, 500 mg/kg diet; C, control, 5000 mg/kg diet; D, excess, 20,000 mg/kg diet. The response of the microsomal cytochrome P-450 and aniline hydroxylase, serum and liver cholesterol and serum triglycerides to increasing AA doses showed a parabolic pattern. Deficiency (A): high cholesterol in serum and liver, hypertriglyceridemia, low cytochrome P-450 and aniline hydroxylase in liver microsomes; control groups (B and C): decrease of serum and liver cholesterol and serum triglycerides, increase of cytochrome P-450 and aniline hydroxylase; excess (D): return of all parameters to values not significantly different from the AA-deficient group. When guinea pigs were fed the same diets with four levels of AA plus 10 mg alpha-tocopherol acetate per animal orally five times a week, the response of the microsomal hydroxylating system and serum triglycerides to the graded AA doses again proved to be parabolic.

Aniline Hydroxylase↗