Biomedical subjects
E Ford
Publications and source records attributed to E Ford.
Degradation of enteric bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid by the Escherichia coli B restriction endonuclease.
The deoxyribonucleic acid of five different genera of enteric microorganisms was shown to be degraded by the Escherichia coli B restriction endonuclease.
Neil Hamilton Fairley (1891-1966).
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Brucklay Robertson Vincent Forbes.
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A Note on the Sternal Gland of Myrmecobius.
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The delta agent: HBsAg particles with delta antigen and RNA in the serum of an HBV carrier.
The hepatitis B virus-associated delta antigen was detected in the serum of a young female drug addict with acute hepatitis and a previous history of hepatitis B surface antigen carrier. Delta antigen was associated with a 35- to 37-nm subpopulation of hepatitis B surface antigen particles which banded at a density of 1.25 gm per cm3 of CsCl and contained a small RNA of approximately 5.5 X 10(5) molecular weight. This report demonstrates that delta antigen is associated with a unique subpopulation of hepatitis B surface antigen particles and small RNA in human serum.
The correspondence between coronary heart disease mortality and risk factor prevalence among states in the United States, 1991-1992.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the correspondence between seven established risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) and CHD mortality among the states in the United States. An ecologic analysis relating CHD risk factor prevalences to CHD mortality rates among 49 states was undertaken in 1991-1992. METHODS: Approximately 68,000 men and women ages 45-74 were randomly sampled and interviewed by telephone in surveys conducted in 49 states in 1991 and 1992. From these interviews, we estimated state-specific prevalences of smoking, overweight, physical inactivity, hypertension, elevated cholesterol, diabetes, and alcohol abstinence. These seven CHD risk factors were also combined to create a CHD risk index for each state. The main outcome measures were mortality rates from CHD (ICD9 codes 410.0-414.9) in each of 49 states in 1991-1992 for men and women ages 45-74. The analysis was based on multiple linear regression and Spearman's rank-order correlations between the CHD risk factor prevalences, the combined CHD risk index, and the CHD mortality rates among the 49 states. RESULTS: The prevalences of most of the CHD risk factors correlated with CHD mortality rates in the expected directions, and correlations were similar for men and women. The CHD risk index correlated strongly with CHD mortality for both men (r = 0.75) and women (r = 0.80). CONCLUSION: About 60% of the variance in CHD mortality between the states in the United States (56% for men and 64% for women) is attributable to differences between the states in the prevalences of seven established risk factors for CHD. As state health agencies prioritize resources for chronic disease prevention programs, they should consider the potential benefits of increased efforts to reduce the prevalences of modifiable CHD risk factors in their populations to reduce CHD mortality.
Lung cancer mortality rates in birth cohorts in the United States from 1960 to 1994.
We sought to describe the changing death rates from lung cancer in the US white population in sequential birth cohorts, adjusting for cohort smoking prevalence and duration. We searched the US mortality database (1960-1994) for all deaths among whites in which lung cancer was listed as the underlying cause of death. To determine the population at risk for lung cancer, we used the 1970, 1978-1980, and 1992 National Health Interview Surveys to estimate the annual number of current and recent smokers (those who had quit within 5 years) in 11 5-year birth cohorts, starting in 1901. We then determined annual lung cancer mortality rates for each birth cohort, stratified by sex and adjusting for the prevalence and duration of smoking. The population-based rates of lung cancer mortality were much higher among men than among women across all ages and birth cohorts, reflecting higher smoking rates among men. These differences decreased after we controlled for current and recent smoking within the cohorts and were slightly increased in women after we controlled for duration of smoking. Differences in lung cancer death rates across birth cohorts of US men and women primarily reflect differences in the prevalence and duration of smoking in these birth cohorts. Changes in cigarette design that have greatly reduced tar yields have a relatively small effect compared with that of people's smoking status and duration of smoking.
Knowledge about indoor radon in the United States: 1990 National Health Interview Survey.
The Year 2000 objectives for environmental health include radon testing in 40% of residences overall and in 50% of residences that house a smoker, former smoker, or a child. Baseline data about radon and radon testing were determined by questions included in the 1990 Health Promotion and Disease Prevention supplement for the National Health Interview Survey. Minorities and individuals with low income or minimal education were significantly less likely to have heard of indoor radon than were whites and those with more education or income. In this survey, only 3%-5% of residences had been tested for radon. A substantial increase above the rate of testing noted for 1990 will be needed to achieve the Year 2000 objectives for indoor radon.
Don't just "do spirometry"--closing the loop in workplace spirometry programs.
The authors acknowledge that surveillance is a word that often causes eyes to glaze over and recognize that spirometry is often a casualty of a routine approach to surveillance. This article describes how to use spirometry as an active part of an on-site workplace occupational health program whose emphasis is avoiding trouble by knowing where and how to look for signs of occupational lung disease.