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Biomedical subjects

E Ford

Publications and source records attributed to E Ford.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

In-hospital mortality rates from acute myocardial infarction by race in U.S. hospitals: findings from the National Hospital Discharge Survey.

Mortality rates in the United States from coronary artery disease are higher among blacks than whites at younger ages, with a crossover to lower rates above the age of 70. The factors that determine this crossover of age-specific death rates have not been elucidated. Selection from the black population of younger individuals who are sicker by virtue of being more coronary prone might leave a relatively healthier group of older persons. Support for this hypothesis would consist in part of evidence that coronary artery disease has an earlier onset in the black population. We examined data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey for the years 1973-1984 to determine if age-related differences in case-fatality rates existed between whites and nonwhites. In-hospital case fatality rates were 10% to 70% higher for each of the 10 year age groups for nonwhites up to age 70, at which time a crossover occurred. The median age at death from myocardial infarction was approximately 5 years younger in nonwhites compared with whites. National estimates of hospitalization rates for myocardial infarction from these data likewise suggest that nonwhites receive less health care for coronary artery disease than whites relative to recorded fatal events. The age-specific trends in case-fatality support the hypothesis that a cohort selection effect in part determines the black/white differentials in coronary artery disease. Relative susceptibility of the black and white population is thus not appropriately estimated by age-adjusted rates, but should be examined on an age-specific basis within the framework of selection effects on a cohort.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Anti-antibody enhancement of iodine-131 anti-CEA radioimmunodetection in experimental and clinical studies.

Imaging of tumors with radiolabeled antibodies, especially when located in the blood-rich visceral organs, may be improved through administration of a second antibody directed against the primary tumor-associated antibody. In hamsters bearing a human colonic carcinoma xenograft producing carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), we injected donkey anti-goat IgG 24 hr after administration of 131I-labeled goat anti-CEA IgG and achieved enhanced tumor imaging 24-48 hr later, with a significant relative decrease of radioactivity in blood and all major organs except the spleen. In seven of nine patients, this method of anti-antibody clearance of nontargeted radioactive murine monoclonal antibodies revealed sites of cancer, including liver metastases. Characterization of radioactivity in the plasma before and after administration of the second antibody confirmed that complexes were quickly formed between primary and secondary antibodies, and imaging of the patients revealed a rapid uptake of radioactivity in the liver at 2 hr that dissipated within 24 hr. Radioactivity in the spleen gradually increased over time. The method of anti-antibody immunological enhancement of cancer imaging is feasible and may reveal tumor sites missed by conventional imaging.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Computed tomographic volumetric calculation reproducibility.

Previous studies have described computed tomographic (CT) measurement of the total volume of large organs and tumors. This study examines sources of error in the CT volumetric measurement of small anatomic structures, and has potential application to the volumetric measurement of small extravisceral tumors. Volume is determined by multiplying observer measurement of area by the CT slice thickness. We focused on the measurement of small cross-sectional areas as a major source of error in volumetric calculations. One observer made ten area measurements on each of 12 structures of various sizes. For areas larger than 8 to 10 cm2, any single measurement was within 2 to 4% of the mean of ten values. For areas smaller than 8 to 10 cm2, measurements varied more with respect to the mean, and rose approximately exponentially as the measured cross-sectional area approached zero.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Intracranial penetration due to BB air rifle injuries.

The toy BB gun that was commonly available 20 years ago has been modernized into a weapon with lethal potential. We report four children who had intracranial penetration by BBs. Three were shot by another young child, and the fourth child was injured by an intoxicated adult. Two of the children have permanent, severe neurological sequelae. BB rifles should require the same safety precautions and considerations as more traditional firearms.

Brain Injuries↗
PubMed1985

Structure and expression of amplified cKi-ras gene sequences in Y1 mouse adrenal tumor cells.

A recombinant library of double minute chromosomal DNA, enriched in specific sequences that are amplified in Y1 mouse adrenal tumor cells, was used as a source of material to explore the structure and expression of amplified cKi-ras genes in these cells. From DNA sequence analysis of these cloned fragments, we found no evidence for the presence of point mutations previously demonstrated to be associated with activation of the transforming potential of ras genes. A comparison of the mouse gene with that of the homologous human cKi-ras2 gene reveals 94% nucleotide sequence homology within the coding regions and 97% homology for the predicted amino acid composition. Like the human gene, the mouse cKi-ras gene contains alternative 3' coding exons. Blot hybridization analyses of RNA revealed a preferential utilization of the more 3' of the two fourth coding exons in the generation of Y1 cKi-ras transcripts.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

A combined crisis-outpatient clinic: a better system for delivery of psychiatric care?

The successful merger of a crisis clinic with an adult outpatient clinic suggests that the traditional splitting of crisis and outpatient care in American psychiatry may not optimal. In the combined clinic more patients were seen, staff time was utilized more efficiently, staff morale was increased, and educational needs were more easily satisfied. Patient care was not compromised in any way.

Adult↗