Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E F Gaffney

Publications and source records attributed to E F Gaffney.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Brunn's nests and glandular metaplasia: normal urothelial variants in the supramontanal prostatic urethra.

Sections of 292 transurethral prostatic resection specimens and 52 intact prostatic urethral specimens from male patients 10 to 89 years old were examined for the presence of Brunn's nests and glandular metaplasia in the urothelium of the supramontanal prostatic urethra. The complex pitted urethral mucosa at and below the verumontanum was not assessed. Either or both lesions were present focally in 211 transurethral prostatic resection specimens (72 per cent) and in 51 intact urethral specimens (97.5 per cent). Brunn's nests and glandular metaplasia consisted chiefly of transitional cells but in 47 transurethral prostatic resection cases glandular metaplasia contained prostatic acinar-type cells and in 1 case intestinal-type goblet cells were noted. Brunn's nests and glandular metaplasia were associated with inflammation in only 27 per cent of the cases and were not associated with dysplasia or urethral tumors except for 1 benign papilloma. We conclude that Brunn's nests and glandular metaplasia are so common in the supramontanal prostatic urethra that they represent normal urothelial variants in this segment of the urinary tract.

Epithelium↗
PubMed1987

Modification of caecal lymphoid tissue and relationship to granuloma formation in sporadic ileocaecal tuberculosis.

The histopathology of eight cases of sporadic ileocaecal tuberculosis is described with particular reference to caecal lymphoid tissue. Adjacent to areas of ulceration in all cases there was an increase in lymphoglandular complexes (LGC) and proliferation of paravascular lymphoid aggregates deeper in the gut wall. Early and fully-developed granulomas were present in locations comparable to LGC and lymphoid aggregates. Immunocytochemical staining of paraffin sections with monoclonal antibodies UCHL1 (T-lymphocyte membrane antigen) and LN-1, LN-2 and LN-3 (B-lymphocyte and Ia antigens) showed that central cells in LGC and lymphoid aggregates stained like follicular centre B-lymphocytes. Both LGC and lymphoid aggregates had a distinct peripheral rim of cells staining as T-lymphocytes, but LN-2 and LN-3 also stained scattered peripheral cells, some of which were recognizable as interdigitating reticulum cells. Most lymphocytes within and around granulomas stained as T-lymphocytes. In lymph nodes, granulomas appeared to occur first at the periphery of, and later to efface, cortical follicles. Lymph node compartments showed the expected T- and B-zonation, and lymphocytes associated with granulomas stained as in caecal granulomas. Our observations suggest that LGC are sites of mycobacterial antigen sampling, of T-lymphocyte and macrophage activation, and of (potential) granuloma formation in ileocaecal tuberculosis. Lymphoid aggregates deeper in the gut wall probably subserve a similar function during extension of the lesion. The location of both LGC and lymphoid aggregates beside lymphatics is suited to the transfer of their cellular constituents throughout the gut and to regional lymph nodes.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Aggressive oncocytic neuroendocrine tumour ('oncocytic paraganglioma') of the cauda equina.

An oncocytic neuroendocrine tumour ('oncocytic paraganglioma') of the cauda equina is reported. The tumour was predominantly intradural, with extension into and destruction of surrounding vertebral bone. The tumour had an organoid pattern, and the tumour cells had abundant non-argyrophilic eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunocytochemical stains for neurone-specific enolase, S-100 protein, keratin and carcinoembryonic antigen were positive, but stains for glial fibrillary acidic protein were negative. On ultrastructural examination, there were numerous mitochondria and scattered 200 nm dense-core membrane-bound granules, that rarely clustered in small aggregates. Intermediate filaments were focally arranged in long compact bundles. The histogenesis of tumours reported as cauda equina paragangliomas is discussed.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1986

Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical definition of component neoplasms in an unusual gastro-oesophageal collision tumour.

An unusual collision tumour (concrescence of two neighbouring independent neoplasms) is reported. One tumour was a small cell undifferentiated (oat cell) carcinoma of the lower oesophagus and the other was a gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma. There was little intermingling of the two patterns. The adenocarcinoma stained strongly positive for mucin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), but the small cell carcinoma was negative for both and also argyrophil-negative; both were negative for neurone-specific enolase and common leukocyte antigen. Ultrastructural study showed extra-cellular glandular lumina lined by cells with apical microvilli and junctional complexes in the adenocarcinoma; primitive cells without tonofilaments or dense-core granules, and joined by rudimentary desmosomes were seen in the small cell carcinoma. Collision carcinomas may result from a carcinogenic stimulus affecting two neighbouring regions of mucosa or may simply be the chance apposition of two unrelated tumours.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Lipoblastomatosis: ultrastructure of two cases and relationship to human fetal white adipose tissue.

Two cases of lipoblastomatosis were examined by electron microscopy. In each there was a spectrum of adipose cell differentiation from mature adipocytes to undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. The cells had various shapes and were loosely related to one another and to small blood vessels in a stroma containing sparse collagen and proteoglycan granules. Adipocytes and lipoblasts had a discrete basal lamina but this was absent in immature mesenchymal cells, which had prominent intermediate (10-nm) microfilaments and few or no lipid droplets. Neither case had foci resembling brown adipose tissue or hibernoma (large polygonal cells closely apposed to one another and to capillaries with densely packed pleomorphic mitochondria and focal undulating plasmalemmal invaginations). Both the ultrastructure of lipoblastomatosis and its characteristic loose lobular arrangement by light microscopy closely resemble human fetal "white" adipose tissue.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

Paratesticular leiomyosarcoma: an ultrastructural study.

We report a case of paratesticular leiomyosarcoma in an 84-year-old man. The tumor was firm and nodular, and attached to the upper pole of the left testis. Light microscopy showed a sarcoma with numerous mitoses. On electron microscopy tumor cells contained 7 nm. microfilaments, with regular dense bodies, micropinocytotic vesicles and the other hallmarks of smooth muscle differentiation, in addition to prominent pools of glycogen. This case illustrates the value of electron microscopy in the investigation of unusual urological tumors.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Ultrastructure and immunohistochemical localization of estradiol in three thecomas.

Three ovarian thecomas were studied by ultrastructural and immunohistochemical techniques. In each tumor, a small number of tumor cells stained for estradiol. Vacuolated as well as plump non-vacuolated tumor cells were positive, but spindle-shaped cells were negative. Ultrastructural examination showed two principle cell types. Type I cells were immature mesenchymal cells that differed from typical steroid-secreting cells because only a minority had conspicuous smooth endoplasmic reticulum, although mitochondria often had tubular cristae. Type II cells were distinguished by abundant intermediate (10-nm) microfilaments and round mitochondria with incomplete cristae and empty centers. Focal smooth muscle differentiation was present in each tumor. Adherens-type intercellular junctions, including desmosomes in one case, and degenerate cells with markedly vesiculated cytoplasmic membrane systems were also present. Lipid was not abundant, but it was more conspicuous in degenerate cells and in type II cells. Thecoma cells thus closely resemble both ovarian stromal cells and theca interna cells, which are known to be capable of steroidogenesis. The localization of estradiol in a minority of tumor cells in each thecoma suggests that thecoma cells, too, are capable of steroid synthesis and supports the popular concept that hyperestrogenism in patients with thecomas may be the result of estradiol secretion by these tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Hibernoma: distinctive light and electron microscopic features and relationship to brown adipose tissue.

Four hibernomas and samples of developing human brown and white adipose tissue were observed. Distinctive features of hibernomas were 1) lobules of closely apposed large polygonal cells and capillaries; 2) three principal cell types (granular eosinophilic, multivacuolated, and univacuolated) varying in prominence from case to case; 3) investment of each tumor cell by basal lamina; 4) an inverse relationship between lipid droplet size and the number of mitochondria per unit of cytoplasm; 5) pleomorphic mitochondria with dense matrixes or large, round mitochondria with transverse lamellar cristae; 6) undulating plasmalemmal invaginations; 7) micropinocytotic vesicles; 8) periodic short plasmalemmal densities; and 9) a conspicuous lack of cytoplasmic membrane systems. The frequent association of micropinocytotic vesicles and undulating plasmalemmal invaginations in proximity to capillaries strongly suggests that the invaginations represent a localized cell membrane adaptation for efficient endocytosis. In human fetal brown adipose tissue, which is first recognizable in fetuses of 21 weeks' gestational age, the most characteristic cell was the polygonal multivacuolated cell. Univacuolated cells were present in brown adipose tissue of older fetuses, and in infants and adults entire lobules containing univacuolated cells coexisted with lobules of multivacuolated cells and granular eosinophilic cells. The ultrastructure of human brown adipose tissue resembled that of hibernomas and was similar to previously described features of this tissue in animals. Developing white adipose tissue differed from brown adipose tissue by its loose plexiform arrangement of capillaries and spindle-shaped cells in less circumscribed lobules and by the absence of polygonal multivacuolated cells. The authors did not identify centripetal lobular maturation in white adipose tissue, but peripheral growth "caps" were a common finding in maturing brown adipose tissue. They consider brown adipose tissue to be a special form of adipose tissue, the variable cytologic composition of which is reflected in the histologic spectrum of hibernomas.

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗
PubMed1983

Ovarian granulosa cell tumors--immunohistochemical localization of estradiol and ultrastructure, with functional correlations.

The authors studied immunohistochemical localization of estradiol and ultrastructure in 11 ovarian granulosa cell tumors in an effort to establish the cellular source of increased estrogen in patients with granulosa cell tumors. Estradiol was identified by the immunoperoxidase method in 10 tumors, and staining was confined to scattered groups of granulosa cells or isolated granulosa cells. The majority of tumor cells in all 5 cases examined by electron microscopy were undifferentiated cells, but in 2 cases, a small percentage of tumor cells contained mitochondria with tubular cristae and well-developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Interpreted in conjunction with in vitro studies of granulosa cells, the results suggest that neoplastic granulosa cells may resemble ovarian follicular granulosa cells of all stages of maturation and are capable of estrogen production.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Idiopathic calcifying tenosynovitis. Histopathologic features and possible pathogenesis.

We report the histopathologic findings in two cases of idiopathic calcifying tenosynovitis, one involving the insertion of the right pectoralis minor tendon, and the other the left ring finger proximal interphalangeal joint of a 54-year-old male and a 28-year-old female, respectively. At operation, cream cheese-like material was identified in each case. Sections of tendon in the first case showed numerous circumscribed lesions in various stages of evolution. Early lesions consisted of central granular or globular proteinaceous material surrounded by histiocytes, lymphocytes, and foreign-body giant cells, with a peripheral network of small blood vessels. Larger, more mature lesions contained similar proteinaceous material, but had central cavitation, a thinner reactive inflammatory zone, and a fibrous capsule. The largest lesions were cystic, had no proteinaceous material or significant inflammatory zone, and had a thick fibrous capsule. No calcification was identified in the intratendinous lesions. In contrast, the hyperplastic synovium and other peritendinous tissues contained numerous round psammoma-like calcifications. It is concluded that the synovial and peritendinous psammoma-like calcifications in our cases represent a reaction to a primary tendinous lesion, which may be a consequence of ischemia or persistent mild trauma.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Prostatic melanosis with involvement of benign and malignant epithelium.

We report an unusual case of prostatic melanosis. Grossly, the majority of prostatic chips contained areas of black discoloration. Microscopically, pigment was identified within the prostatic stroma, in benign prostatic ducts and within the cells of a well differentiated prostatic adenocarcinoma. The pigment was identified as melanin by histochemical methods and electron microscopy. The histogenesis of prostatic melanosis is discussed and it is proposed that the melanin pigment is derived from (aberrant) stromal melanocytes.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Prominent parietal epithelium: a common sign of renal glomerular injury.

Reported abnormalities of the normally inconspicuous renal glomerular parietal epithelium include tubular metaplasia, adenomatoid transformation, columnar metaplasia, and embryonal hyperplasia of Bowman's capsular epithelium. In this study, glomerular parietal epithelium was analyzed in 77 consecutive renal biopsy specimens representing a spectrum of renal diseases. In 57 biopsy specimens, prominent parietal epithelium (PPE) (ten or more enlarged parietal cells with hyperchromatic or vesicular nuclei and discernable vacuolated cytoplasm in at least two glomeruli) was identified and graded according to its severity in the specimen. Extensive PPE was present in all five cases of diabetic nephropathy and was common in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, acute glomerulonephritis, focal sclerosing glomerulopathy, and diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis. In most disease categories, however, PPE varied in grade from case to case. Interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (39 of 57 biopsy specimens) and vascular thickening (43 or 57 biopsy specimens) were common in specimens containing PPE. On electron microscopy, normal parietal cells appeared to be mature and relatively inactive. PPE cells, in contrast, had features compatible with actively proliferating cells and damaged cells. It is proposed that PPE may be the result of acute or chronic glomerular injury. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed, as is the probable relationship between PPE and crescents.

Glomerulonephritis↗
PubMed1982

Nodular fasciitis (pseudosarcomatous fasciitis) of the vulva.

Nodular fasciitis (pseudosarcomatous fasciitis) is a benign nonneoplastic connective tissue proliferation of unknown pathogenesis, which most commonly involves the upper limb subcutaneous fascia. Nodular fasciitis of the vulva is an entity rarely encountered by gynecologists or pathologists, but has considerable potential for misdiagnosis as sarcoma and for inappropriate treatment. The patient, a 32-year-old black female, presented with a 3-cm right labial mass, which was nodular, rubbery, and yellowish-white on section. Microscopically, there was an admixture of large mesenchymal cells, small blood vessels, and lymphocytes in a sparsely collagenous matrix. Other features included extravasated erythrocytes, intercellular clefts, and pseudocysts. Although mitoses were common (8 per 10 high power fields), there were no atypical mitoses and no bizarre tumor giant cells. The large mesenchymal cells were identified by electron microscopy as myofibroblasts, cells which abound in a variety of other reactive and non-neoplastic conditions. It is important not to misdiagnose nodular fasciitis as a vulvar sarcoma, because nodular fasciitis requires only simple excision and does not recur or metastasize.

Adult↗