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Biomedical subjects

E E Jones

Publications and source records attributed to E E Jones.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Basis of the stereospecific preference of porcine kidney fibroblasts for D-2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid as a source of methionine.

In previous studies we have found that porcine kidney fibroblasts will grow in medium containing D-2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid (D-methionine hydroxy analogue, D-MHA) as the sole source of methionine but not in medium containing the L-isomer (L-MHA) alone. The fibroblasts have been found to have both D-2-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.6), which uses D-MHA as substrate (Km = 6.0 mM) and L-2-hydroxy acid oxidase (EC 1.1.3.1), which uses L-MHA as substrate (Km = 7.1 mM). These two activities should make it possible for the fibroblasts to grow on either isomer. Only one protein band with L-2-hydroxy acid oxidase activity can be detected with enzyme-specific staining of protein profiles obtained after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme L-2-hydroxy acid oxidase from porcine kidney has properties that are different from the two porcine isozymes reported previously by others. Passage of DL-[14C]MHA at tracer levels into the porcine kidney fibroblasts in culture is reduced to 31% of control in the presence of 3.75 mM D-MHA, 86% of control with 3.75 mM L-MHA and 65% with 3.75 mM D-lactate but is not affected by up to 3.75 mM L-lactate. It appears that the transport specificity is the basis for the growth promotion of kidney fibroblasts by the D-isomer of MHA as opposed to L-MHA when each is used as the sole source of methionine.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1988

Chlorpromazine plasma level monitoring of schizophrenic patients.

In general, plasma level monitoring and pharmacokinetics are widely studied and have been successfully applied in the field of epileptic therapy. Before similar monitoring can be used with psychiatric drugs the possible problems of obtaining samples from the type of patient who receives this therapy should be considered. Patients who receive chlorpromazine sometimes show plasma levels lower than the recommended range, even though their symptoms are considered controlled. Correct interpretation of plasma level results depends on an understanding of the factors responsible for these low plasma levels.

Chlorpromazine↗
PubMed1987

Metabolism of methionine and methionine hydroxy analogue by porcine kidney fibroblasts.

Porcine kidney fibroblasts in culture are able to utilize the 2-hydroxy analog of methionine (MHA) as the sole methionine source, but higher concentrations of MHA than methionine are required. The optimal concentration for growth with L-methionine ranges from 0.02 to 1.0 mM, whereas that for DL-MHA is 7.5 mM. At concentrations above 1.0 mM, L-methionine exhibits a toxic effect. Supplementing 1.0 mM L-methionine with DL-MHA allows greater growth than that provided by an equimolar concentration of L-methionine alone, and no toxic effect is seen at methionine source (DL-MHA) concentrations up to 7.5 mM. Early in the growth phase of cells where DL-MHA is the sole source of methionine, a 48-h lag period is observed over that seen in cells grown in the presence of 1.0 mM L-methionine. After the lag period, the MHA-supplemented cells double at the same rate as the methionine-supplemented cells. Studies with the purified isomers of D- and L-MHA indicate that only the D-isomer is utilized by these fibroblasts.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Self-promotion is not ingratiating.

Pairs of subjects participated in two unstructured conversations spaced one week apart. In the second session, one subject of the pair was asked to participate either as an ingratiator or as a self-promoter. Naive target subjects clearly distinguished between presenters attempting to appear likable or competent. As verified by observer subjects, ingratiators used reactive verbal and nonverbal behaviors, whereas promoters used proactive behaviors. Preparation time did not produce differential behavioral tactics. The results are discussed in terms of the use of conversational resources to produce the attributions of likability and competence.

Achievement↗
PubMed1985

Age-specific differences in duration of clinical protection after vaccination with meningococcal polysaccharide A vaccine.

Sequential case-control studies were used to monitor changes in the clinical protection induced by group A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine over a 3-year period. Overall, vaccine efficacy declined from 87% 1 year after vaccination to 70% and 54% at 2 and 3 years, respectively. When stratified by age at time of vaccination the data showed that, although vaccine efficacy remained high in children greater than or equal to 4 years of age (vaccine efficacy 85%, 74%, and 67% at 1, 2, and 3 years after vaccination, respectively), it declined dramatically in those less than 4 years of age at time of vaccination (vaccine efficacy 100%, 52%, and 8%, respectively, at 1, 2, and 3 years after vaccination). Thus, a single dose of group A meningococcal vaccine does not yield lasting clinical protection in children less than 4 years of age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Ectopic pregnancy.

The diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy has become precise and reliable. Consequently, the management of ectopic pregnancy has progressed to the point where the physician is often able to preserve fertility. Therefore, conservative surgery is indicated if the patient desires future fertility and conditions are appropriate. The combination of ultrasound, beta-hCG pregnancy testing, and laparoscopy has led to a rising incidence of diagnosed ectopic pregnancy prior to rupture. This has greatly facilitated the use of the conservative approach to the management of tubal pregnancy. Although ectopic pregnancy can be diagnosed early and managed conservatively, it is, and will remain a potentially life-threatening disease and must be approached as such. Table 3 summarizes our proposed surgical management of tubal pregnancy. Table 4 summarizes the results of conservative surgery for tubal pregnancy.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1985

Liquid diets fed hourly to pigs weaned at 19 days of age and exposed to rotavirus (weanling diarrhea).

Five diets were tested for their capacity to promote weight gains in newly-weaned, 19-d-old, rotavirus-exposed pigs. The diets were tested under conditions designed to minimize the stress of weaning. That is, rotavirus-exposed pigs were moved at weaning to an isolation unit, caged individually and fed hourly liquid diets that were high (approximately 26%) and low in protein (approximately 11%). In all experiments, pigs experienced postweaning rotavirus-associated diarrhea and depression in rate of gain. Pigs grew faster: when fed diets high in protein (approximately 26% protein) vs low in protein (approximately 11% protein) and when fed diets containing cows' milk proteins vs proteins from soybean flour. A diet containing antibodies to rotavirus did not ameliorate the weanling diarrhea.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1985

Diphtheria: a possible foodborne outbreak in Hodeida, Yemen Arab Republic.

Between 29 August 1981 and 16 January 1982, an epidemic of diphtheria produced 149 cases in Hodeida, Yemen Arab Republic. The overall attack rate was 11.8 per 10 000; the most frequent victims were males under 5 years of age, with an attack rate of 55.7 per 10 000. Severity of the illness varied inversely with age and the number of previous doses of DPT. A case-control study showed that vaccination with DPT was protective (P = 0.03) with an efficacy of 87.3% (95% confidence interval, 32.2-99.5%) among those who had received 3 or more doses. Risk factors for the development of disease were previous contact with a case (P = 0.002), previous contact with a person having skin disease (P = 0.04), obtaining drinking-water from a wheeled carrier (P = 0.008), and consumption of factory-made yoghurt (P = 0.003). The secondary attack rate among household contacts under 15 years of age was at least 1.3%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Predisposition to invasive pneumococcal illness following parainfluenza type 3 virus infection in chimpanzees.

An outbreak of invasive disease, including pneumococcal bacteremia, meningitis, and pneumonia, involved 17 of 83 (20.5%) chimpanzees at a primate rehabilitation unit. Invasive disease was more common in splenectomized than in nonsplenectomized animals (42.9% vs 18.4%), but the difference was not statistically significant. The outbreak followed closely an outbreak of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) that occurred with equal frequency in splenectomized and nonsplenectomized chimpanzees. Those with URTI were 5.7 times as likely to develop invasive disease than those without URTI (P less than 0.005). Fourteen of 20 (70%) chimpanzees with recent URTI and serologically examined had a 4-fold or greater rise in titer to parainfluenza type 3 virus. The outbreak of invasive disease occurred despite the fact that most of the chimpanzees had been vaccinated with pneumococcal vaccine. Efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine could not be demonstrated among any segment of the chimpanzee population, and testing of sera from 23 vaccinated chimpanzees against 4 pneumococcal serotypes (3, 6, 8, and 14) failed to show a meaningful immune response. The findings demonstrated that viral URTI can predispose primates to invasive infections and suggested that pneumococcal vaccine is not protective in chimpanzees.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effect of dietary nickel on growth, urease activity, blood parameters and tissue mineral concentrations in the neonatal pig.

Day-old pigs were individually fed a low nickel (0.16 ppm) liquid milk-based diet supplemented with either 0, 5 or 25 ppm nickel on a dry matter basis for a 21-day period. At the end of the liquid feeding period, five pigs per treatment were killed, and the remaining five were fed a dried skim milk-based diet (0.12 ppm nickel) with similar levels of added nickel for an additional 28 days. Dietary nickel did not affect animal gain, liver cholesterol, serum protein concentrations or bacterial urease activity in the gastrointestinal tract. The addition of 5 ppm nickel to the basal dry diet reduced ammonia concentrations in the cecum by 33%. Pigs receiving the high level of nickel had decreased serum alkaline phosphatase and increased serum glucose at 49 days, compared to controls. Animals receiving 5 ppm nickel had higher liver iron and zinc concentrations than controls at 21 days but not at 49 days. Control pigs had lower kidney and lung nickel concentrations than animals receiving 5 ppm nickel at 21 days but not at 49 days. Increasing dietary nickel from 5 to 25 ppm resulted in increased concentrations of nickel in serum, kidney, lung, spleen and muscle. These results suggest that 0.12-0.16 ppm nickel is adequate for growth of neonatal pigs fed milk-based diets. However, additional nickel may improve the iron and zinc status of the young pig.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1984

The use of low protein liquid diets to determine the methionine requirement and the efficacy of methionine hydroxy analogue for the three-week-old pig.

A mechanical feeding device that dispenses liquid diets hourly was developed to feed 3-week-old pigs under carefully controlled and sanitary conditions. Pigs were weaned at 19-21 days of age, placed in individual cages of the automatic feeder, and trained to eat low protein (9%) milk diets, which were supplemented with essential amino acids, glutamic acid and monosodium glutamate so as to be equivalent to 14% protein nitrogen. The basal 9% protein diet contained 0.25% L-methionine and 0.08% L-cysteine and was supplemented with L- or DL-methionine or DL-methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA) at various levels for evaluation of the methionine requirement. Pigs fed the basal diet showed a significant decrease in gain, feed efficiency and plasma urea (P less than 0.05) relative to animals that received supplemental methionine or MHA. The plasma methionine concentration remained below 0.2 mumol/ml plasma when pigs were fed diets containing 0.25-0.51% methionine; however, a significant increase in plasma methionine (P less than 0.05) was seen when pigs were fed diets that contained greater than 0.51% methionine activity in the form of L- or DL-methionine or DL-MHA. The highest average daily gain (470 g) obtained with a diet containing 0.51% methionine was significantly better (P less than 0.05) than diets containing more or less L- or DL-methionine, and the feed efficiency of this diet (1.58 kg feed per kilogram gain) was also significantly better (P less than 0.05) than the feed efficiency obtained with other dietary methionine levels. MHA (0.17%) added to the basal diet significantly improved the average daily gain (P less than 0.05) and lead to a significant decrease in plasma urea (P less than 0.05) relative to pigs that received the basal diet. Supplemental MHA (greater than 0.51% methionine level) produced significant increases (P less than 0.05) in plasma methionine. These data show that the methionine requirement of the 3-week-old pig can be satisfied with L- or DL-methionine or DL-MHA at a level equal to 0.51% of the dietary solids and that these three are equivalent. These experiments also show that low protein diets supplemented with amino acids can be used for liquid feeding of pigs weaned at 3 weeks of age, and average daily gains of greater than 400 g can be realized.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1984

An exchange assay for the measurement of cell nuclear estrogen receptors in microdissected brain regions.

An exchange assay is described for the measurement of nuclear estrogen receptors (ERn) in microdissected brain regions. The distribution of ERn in the hypothalamus and amygdala of the rat 1 h after an injection of estradiol (E) is presented. Combining the exchange assay with a previously described method for measurement of cytosol estrogen receptors (ERc) in microdissected brain samples, gonadectomized male and female rats were compared for ERc and ERn. While ERc concentrations tended to be higher in females than in males in all regions of the hypothalamus, with a significant sex difference in the arcuate-median eminence, no sex difference in ERn concentrations was observed after E injection. These results suggest that ERc measurements alone are not sufficient to establish the capacity of the E receptor system: ERn measurements are also necessary to establish the relationship between receptor levels and physiologic estrogen responsiveness.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Hunter's disease in a girl: association with X:5 chromosomal translocation disrupting the Hunter gene.

We describe a 3 year old girl with the typical clinical features of the X linked recessive condition, Hunter's disease. The diagnosis was confirmed by the pattern of urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycans and the absence of iduronate sulphatase activity in her fibroblasts. She also had an apparently balanced reciprocal chromosomal translocation 46XX,t(X:5) with the X breakpoint being between q26 and q27. Pedigree analysis, and the normal iduronate sulphatase activity in the mother's fibroblasts, serum, and hair roots indicate that the affected child represents a new mutation. Since the parents' karyotypes are normal, it seems that the translocation disrupted the iduronate sulphatase gene itself, thus mapping this to Xq26-27 for the first time. The severe clinical features, not expected in a girl, may be explained by non-random X inactivation.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1982

Mitochondrial carbamyl phosphate and citrulline synthesis at high matrix acetylglutamate.

Matrix acetylglutamate of uncoupled rat liver mitochondria increased about 10-fold, to 4.3 nmol/microliters, upon incubation with 5 mM concentrations of that compound. Uncoupled mitochondria incubated with the reagents needed for carbamyl phosphate and citrulline synthesis and 5 mM acetylglutamate synthesized citrulline at velocities which reached 99 nmol/min/mg of protein; simultaneously, as much as 47 nmol/min/mg of carbamyl phosphate accumulated and was distributed between matrix and medium. Maximal total carbamyl phosphate synthesis was, therefore, 146 nmol/min/mg, similar to the activity measured in liver homogenates. Without added acetylglutamate, some carbamyl phosphate accumulated when citrulline synthesis was about 40 nmol/min/mg. The finding that ornithine transcarbamylase can be limiting for citrulline synthesis shows that the activity of this enzyme is greatly restricted in mitochondria. The stimulation by ornithine of mitochondrial carbamyl phosphate synthesis was prevented when ornithine transcarbamylase was inhibited more than 96% by 5 mM delta-N-phosphonacetyl-L-ornithine, suggesting that the normal stimulatory effect of ornithine on carbamyl phosphate synthetase occurs via ornithine transcarbamylase. Lower concentrations of delta-N-phosphonacetyl-L-ornithine were required to achieve a given inhibition of citrulline synthesis from added carbamyl phosphate from endogenously synthesized carbamyl phosphate. The results reported suggest the existence of interactions between carbamyl phosphate synthetase and ornithine transcarbamylase in the matrix.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1982

Psychotherapists' impressions of treatment outcome as a function of race.

One hundred sixty-four black and white patients, evenly divided by race, were seen in individual psychotherapy for a mean of more than 31 treatment hours. Half the patients in each group were in racially similar therapist-patient matches and half in racially dissimilar pairings. Assessments of treatment outcomes and personality descriptions of patients were obtained from therapists after termination. White therapists generally rated their clients, and especially their black clients, as psychologically more impaired than did black therapists. Adjective descriptions revealed important differences in the perception of black and white clients by therapists of the two races. In the view of therapists, all patients improved as a result of treatment, and black and white patients, with few exceptions, appeared to benefit about equally. Contrary to expectation, there were no differences in psychotherapy outcome as a function of client-therapist racial match.

Adjustment Disorders↗