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E Delaporte

Publications and source records attributed to E Delaporte.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Demographic factors associated with HTLV-1 infection in a Gabonese community.

An epidemiological study of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and syphilis has been carried out in a multiethnic community of seven neighbouring villages located in eastern Gabon on 1240 subjects over 5 years old (82.7% of the population in this age range). Antibodies to HTLV-1 (anti-HTLV-1) were detected by ELISA with confirmation by Western Blot and antibodies to syphilis by Venereal Diseases Research Laboratory assay with confirmation by the Treponema pallidum haemaglutination assay. The prevalence rate of anti-HTLV-1 was 8.5% and increased from 3.7% in the 5-14 years age group to 23.8% in the over 60 years age group. Logistic regression showed that the positivity for anti-HTLV-1 was associated with age, ethnic group and sex (higher prevalence in females). The seroprevalence rate of syphilis was 8.2%. Seropositivity for syphilis and HTLV-1 were related but age was a confounding variable in this relationship. This study showing a highly heterogeneous distribution of HTLV-1 in a geographically limited area suggests the role of environmental and behavioural factors in HTLV-1 transmission.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Antibodies to V3 loop peptides derived from chimpanzee lentiviruses and the divergent HIV-1ANT-70 isolate in human sera from different geographic regions.

OBJECTIVE: To study the spread of antibodies to V3 loop peptides of two chimpanzee lentiviruses and the divergent HIV-1ANT-70 isolate (group O) in human sera from different geographic regions, and to compare this with reactions to peptides from known North American (subtype B) and Zaïrean (subtype D) strains. METHODS: A total 2495 HIV-1-antibody-positive sera from nine countries were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies to the V3 loop of 10 HIV/SIV isolates (including MN, SF2, HXB2, RF, MAL, ELI, Z6 and ANT-70 for HIV-1, and cpz-gab and cpz-ant for SIV). RESULTS: In each country, the highest prevalences were observed against the MN peptide (58.8-91.7%). Seroreactivity to other peptides from subtype B were generally lower. Prevalences of antibodies to V3 peptides derived from Zaïrean strains belonging to subtype D were generally lower than to subtype B. Relative high prevalences of sera reactive with the SIVcpz-gab V3 peptide were observed. The lowest rates were seen in Brazil (4.2%) and Belgium (25.7%). Among the African countries, the prevalence rates varied between 30.1 and 67.6%. Prevalence to the V3 loop derived from the SIVcpz-ant strains was much lower. Prevalence of sera reactive to the ANT-70 V3 loop peptide was very low, and the highest rates were observed in Cameroon (10.2%), Niger (6%) and Gabon (4.6%). Only the sera reactive to the ANT-70 V3 loop peptide from Cameroon and Gabon were confirmed on a specific HIVANT-70 Western blot (i.e., presence of antibodies to the envelope protein gp 120). CONCLUSIONS: The extent to which different V3 peptide reactivity patterns reflect the circulation of different HIV-1 strains in a particular population is not yet clear. However, V3 peptide serology using the very specific V3 peptide of the HIVANT-70 is a good indicator of the very aberrant group O in a particular population.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Hepatitis C virus genotype 4 is highly prevalent in central Africa (Gabon).

Following a survey of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection recently carried in central Africa (Gabon), we cloned and sequenced PCR products of the 5' non-coding and capsid-encoding regions of HCV RNA from three randomly selected HCV RNA-positive Gabonese subjects. In the capsid-encoding region, the identity between the three Gabonese isolates was 91 to 98%. The three Gabonese sequences showed a divergence of 11 to 17% from published HCV genotypes I to IV (1a, 1b, 2a and 2b) isolates and of 6 to 11% from HCV genotype 4 isolates. Thus the Gabonese isolates, termed HC-G, belong to HCV genotype 4. Based on the sequences of the three isolates, a specific probe (cpsG) was designed to detect the HC-G genotype in 30 randomly selected anti-HCV-positive Gabonese subjects, 14 of whom were HCV RNA-positive. Analysis with cpsG showed that 10 of 14 of the HCV RNA-positive subjects were infected by the HC-G genotype. HC-G is therefore highly prevalent in the HCV RNA-positive Gabonese population. The availability of these Gabonese sequences should facilitate the design of specific serological tests for African HCV isolates.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Interleukin-5 messenger RNA and immunoreactive protein expression by activated eosinophils in lesional atopic dermatitis skin.

The main cellular sources of interleukin-5 (IL-5) are T lymphocytes and mast cells. Recently, IL-5 mRNA has been identified in eosinophils from patients with celiac disease, eosinophilic heart diseases, and asthma. In an attempt to determine whether IL-5 is generated by eosinophils in atopic dermatitis we have used i) in situ hybridization with 35S-labeled IL-5 RNA probe combined with immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) (EG2) directed against the activated form of Eosinophil Cationic Protein (ECP) and ii) double-immunostaining with anti-IL-5 MoAb and polyclonal anti-ECP antibody. We found that dermal eosinophils from lesional atopic dermatitis skin express IL-5 mRNA and protein. Moreover, highly purified blood eosinophils were also labeled with anti-IL-5 antibodies. The expression of IL-5 by eosinophils in atopic dermatitis might suggest an autocrine pathway of eosinophil differentiation and activation.

Cytoplasm↗
PubMed1994

Vitamin A and E blood levels in erythrodermic and pustular psoriasis associated with chronic alcoholism.

Vitamin A and E blood levels were determined, using a high-performance liquid chromatographic method, in 7 patients with erythrodermic psoriasis or psoriatic acral pustulosis associated or not associated with chronic alcoholism, during and after the acute episode. These vitamins were also studied in 5 patients with psoriasis vulgaris involving more than 80% of the surface body area and associated with chronic alcohol intake and in 17 patients with psoriasis vulgaris involving more than 50% of the skin but without chronic alcoholism. Vitamin A blood levels were reduced in all the patients in the group "erythrodermic psoriasis/psoriatic acral pustulosis", while vitamin E blood levels were below the normal range during the acute psoriatic episode only in the 5 patients having a history of chronic alcohol intake in this group. In the other groups--psoriasis vulgaris with chronic alcoholism and psoriasis vulgaris without heavy alcohol consumption--vitamin A and E blood levels were not reduced. The implication of vitamin E in psoriasis, probably by its antioxidant activity, and its relationship with selenium are discussed. We suggest that attention should be paid to the vitamin A deficiency in erythrodermic or pustular psoriasis and to the vitamin E deficiency when these inflammatory diseases are associated with chronic alcoholism.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1994

[Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens and suffidiens. Efficacy of isotretinoin].

Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens is a rare, chronic and suppurative scalp disease. The treatment of this condition is difficult. CASE REPORT. We report a case successfully treated with isotretinoin at the dose of 2/3 mg/kg/day during eight month. DISCUSSION. The main difficulty is the maintenance of remission after drug withdrawal, so, duration of treatment has to be defined. A eight month's therapy seems to constitute the minimum duration in this pathology. A second course of isotretinoin is still possible if relapse occurs. CONCLUSION. A long course of isotretinoin can be considered as the most effective treatment in perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Buruli ulcer in a Zairian woman with HIV infection].

INTRODUCTION: Isolated cutaneous mycobacterial infection is exceptional in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We report a case of Buruli ulcer observed in a Zairan female infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). CASE REPORT: An HIV positive female patient was hospitalized for deep skin ulceration with detached and necrotic borders on the posterior aspect of the lower limb. Histological examination of a surgical biopsy showed numerous acid-fast bacilli identified as Mycobacterium ulcerans by thin layer gas chromatography. The clinical course was favourable with a three-drug antibiotic therapy replaced by rifampicin-clarithromycin after three months. The patient's immune status did not change for two years with a CD4 count of 500/mm3. The patient was negative for P24 antigen. DISCUSSION: While it is relatively easy to diagnose Buruli ulcers, identifying the causal bacteria is sometimes quite difficult requiring long culture periods. New techniques such as gas phase chromatography have been very useful in particularly low-count sub-cultures. Surgery remains the predominant therapy in endemic areas but antibiotic combinations are also effective. HIV-related immunosuppression did not change the clinical aspect of cutaneous mycobacteriosis in this patient whose immunological status was not modified.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Regulation of cytochrome P-4501A and cytochrome P-4502E induction in the rat during the production of interferon alpha/beta.

The down regulation of constitutive hepatic microsomal cytochromes P-450 (P450) by interferons has been well described in experimental animals and humans, however the down regulation of induced forms of P450 has not been documented clearly. Differential down regulation of constitutive and induced P450 could alter the proportions of P450 enzymes and, hence, the relative bioactivation/detoxification of xenobiotics. We investigated the effects of polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid, a potent stimulator of interferon alpha/beta production on CYP1A and CYP2E induction in the rat. Polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid down regulated the constitutive and pyridine-induced expression of CYP2E1 and the pyridine- and beta-naphthoflavone-induced expression of CYP1A1 as demonstrated by metabolic activity and immunoblot analyses. Depression of CYP2E1 and CYP1A1 protein expression by polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid was accompanied by a corresponding decrease in mRNA encoding these proteins. Induction of CYP1A2 mRNA also was depressed. Therefore, interferon alpha/beta down regulated induction of members of the CYP1A and CYP2E subfamilies at a pretranslational level independent of the mechanism of induction. Induction of the CYP1A and CYP2E subfamilies did not confer resistance to down regulation by interferon, although the magnitude of down regulation by interferon appeared to be influenced by the magnitude of P450 induction. The potential significance of down regulation of induced P450 in the clearance of certain therapeutic agents and in xenobiotic bioactivation and detoxification is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Gabon and its relation to HTLV-I.

A case-control study was performed in Libreville, Gabon, to determine whether a relationship can be established between the relatively high proportion of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) among all cancer cases and the high seroprevalence rate of HTLV-I observed, and to discover whether cases of adult T-leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) related to HTLV-I exist in Gabon. From November 1987 to April 1989, a total of 32 patients with NHL were recruited; 6 were infants with Burkitt's lymphoma and 26 were adults with NHL. Each patient was matched with 2 asymptomatic controls for age, sex and ethnic group. HTLV-I serology was done by ELISA and Western blot. Comparison of the groups was done by chi-square analysis. None of the 6 infants with Burkitt's lymphoma and none of their controls had antibodies to HTLV-I. Of the 26 patients with NHL, 7 (26.9%) had HTLV-I antibodies. Among the 52 controls, the HTLV-I rate was 13.4% (n = 7). There was no difference between cases and controls (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.16). Among the 26 NHL, 4 cases fitted the criteria of ATLL and were HTLV-I-positive; 3 others who were positive for HTLV-I were a woman with lymphoblastic gastric NHL and 2 old men with an unclassified lymphoma. From the results of this limited series it is not possible to state that there is an association between NHL and HTLV-I infection. Nevertheless, cases of ATLL related to HTLV-I are reported from this area. Based on the HTLV-I seroprevalence rates reported in Gabon, the estimated incidence rate of ATL among seropositive people in Gabon appears much lower than in Japan. Different explanations can be proposed, but under-diagnosis of ATLL is probably one of the main factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

A new case of isolated trichothiodystrophy.

We describe a new case of isolated trichothiodystrophy. This entity is characterized by sparse and brittle hair, low sulfur hair content, tiger tail pattern of the hair under polarizing microscopy, clean transverse fractures through the hair shaft and absent or defective hair cuticles. To our knowledge there are only two reported cases of isolated trichothiodystrophy without associated additional ectodermal or neuroectodermal dysplasias. Polarized microscopy of cut hair showed transverse fracture points (trichoschisis) and alternating dark and bright bands. Low sulfur content of the hairs was confirmed by amino acid analysis. Many acronyms and eponyms have been created to describe sulfur-deficient brittle hair associated with neuroectodermal abnormalities, leading to confusion. We suggest to use a simple classification scheme, according to increasing severity of associated features as proposed by Van Neste.

Child, Preschool↗