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Biomedical subjects

E Davies

Publications and source records attributed to E Davies.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Oxazepam in the treatment of anxiety associated with depression: results of treatment in 1600 cases (Studies in depression, VI).

A total of 1600 patients suffering from depression and anxiety was treated in one consultant practice over an 8-year period. In most cases, the depressive component was treated by monoamine oxidase inhibitors, but oxazepam was used as the anxiolytic in all cases in the series. Patients were encouraged to regulate their own dosage of oxazepam, and no difficulties occurred with this technique. The results showed the overall effectiveness of oxazepam as an anxiolytic to be better than 87% in those cases where depression co-existed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Rubella-specific IgM detection using Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration.

Sephacryl S-300 has been compared with Sephadex G-200 in the fractionation of sera for the detection of rubella-specific IgM. No difference in sensitivity was found with sera that had low titres of rubella-specific IgM. Sephadex G-200 was apparently more sensitive with some sera which had high titres of rubella-specific IgM due to the contribution of rubella-specific IgA. Sephacryl S-300 offers considerable advantages in ease and speed of preparation, and as it is a more rigid gel higher flow rates can be obtained. Sera may be fractionated in 2.5 hours on Sephacryl S-300 compared with 7-10 hours on Sephadex G-200.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1978

Hospital maintenance.

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Hospital Design and Construction↗
PubMed1978

Thyrotropin-stimulated recruitment of free monoribosomes on to membrane-bound thyroglobulin-synthesizing polyribosomes.

Treatment of ox and dog thyroid slices in vitro with either thyrotropin or dibutyryl cyclic AMP elicited a variety of changes in polyribosome distribution. The most marked and consistent responses were decreases in both free and membrane-bound monoribosomes with a concomitant increase in the specific peak of thyroglobulin-synthesizing polyribosomes. On some occasions there was a shift towards heavier aggregates in the free polyribosomes. The increase in the amount of thyroglobulin-synthesizing polyribosomes was not accompanied by a shift in its location on the gradients. These changes were apparent within 30 min of thyrotropin addition and within 60 min of the addition of dibutyryl cyclic AMP. It is suggested that the major initial effect on translation of both thyrotropin and dibutyryl cyclic AMP is to stimulate the recruitment of pre-existing free monoribosomes on to pre-existing unloaded or under-loaded thyroglobulin mRNA molecules.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Statistics: a time accounting system.

This article outlines a system of statistics currently used by the Occupational Therapy Department at the Montreal Childrens Hospital. This method was one of the results of a Health Systems Engineering Project conducted in the Occupational Therapy Department by the Montreal Joint Hospital Institute in 1975. The article outlines the problems in maintaining statistics which led to the evolution of the current method. A basic description of the procedure is given, samples of the forms used are included, and 3 sample days are calculated to illustrate the method. However, it is felt that the principles may be useful as a guideline to any type of Occupational Therapy Department. This method adheres to the recording requirements of the Dominion Bureau of Statistics, but also provides a careful breakdown of time and effort in all areas of the department's functioning. Some benefits of maintaining complete, standard statistics are also outlined.

Child↗
PubMed1976

Polyribosomes from Peas: VI. Auxin-stimulated Recruitment of Free Monosomes into Membrane-bound Polysomes.

Auxin treatment of aged pea stems (Pisum sativum L. var. Alaska) caused a decrease in monosomes (especially free monosomes) and an increase in polysomes (especially membrane-bound polysomes). These effects were not duplicated by gibberellic acid or benzyladenine. These auxin-stimulated shifts in polysome distribution commenced at least 9 hours before significant growth took place. It is suggested that this auxin-stimulated incorporation of free monosomes into membrane-bound polysomes might involve increased utilization (through activation or synthesis) of messenger RNA(s) acting as template(s) for synthesis of secretable enzyme(s) involved in growth.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1975

Polyribosomes from Peas: V. An Attempt to Characterize the Total Free and Membrane-bound Polysomal Population.

Attempts were made to isolate and characterize the total population of free and membrane-bound polysomes from the elongating region of dark-grown pea stems (Pisum sativum L.). Partial separation of free from membrane-bound polysomes was achieved by relatively low speed centrifugation of the homogenate. Complete separation was not achieved. Based on analysis of the rRNA content of various subcellular fractions, fractionated tissue yielded greater than 95% of the rRNA found in whole tissue. Approximately 45% of the ribosomal material was membrane-bound (released by detergent) and was found in the "wall" (13%), the "nuclear" pellet (2%), and the "mitochondrial" pellet (29%). The remaining 55%, consisting primarily of free polysomes, could be recovered free from membranous material by sedimentation through a dense (700 mg/ml) sucrose pad for 90 hours. The advantages and disadvantages of using sucrose pads for the separation of free and membrane-bound polysomes are discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1973

Polyribosomes from Peas: II. Polyribosome Metabolism during Normal and Hormone-induced Growth.

Polyribosomes as large as 10-mers (strands of messenger RNA bearing 10 ribosomes) were isolated from etiolated pea (Pisum sativum L. var. Alaska) stem tissue during all stages of development when methods were used which essentially eliminated ribonuclease activity during extraction. Actively growing tissue, harvested from the apical 10 mm, yielded many large polyribosomes and a low (<20%) proportion of monosomes. Similar tissue, allowed to age by applying lanolin to decapitated apices, showed a progressive decrease in number of larger polyribosomes and an increase in the proportion of monosomes. Hormone treatments, which prolonged growth and delayed aging, delayed the loss in large polyribosomes and the increase in proportion of monosomes. Growth-stimulating hormones, added to previously aged tissue, stimulated the production of many large polyribosomes in pre-existing cells.It is suggested that (a) large polyribosomes occur in all regions of the pea stem, (b) changes in polyribosome distribution appear to precede changes in growth rate, (c) loss of larger polyribosomes is closely related to a decrease in mRNA templates followed more gradually by loss of ribosomes, (d) hormone-stimulated continuation of growth is accomplished through maintenance of available mRNA.Methods are described, involving detailed analysis of polysome distribution, which, although they cannot be used to measure changes in initiation of ribosomes on to mRNA, do permit measurement of the amount of polysomal-associated mRNA present in tissues at different stages of growth. These analyses lead to the further suggestion that hormone stimulation of growth of previously nongrowing tissue is accomplished primarily through an increase in available mRNA prior to synthesis of ribosomes.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1973

Polyribosomes from Peas: III. Stimulation of Polysome Degradation by Exogenous and Endogenous Calcium.

Attempts were made to isolate microsomes from Pisum sativum L. var. Alaska by low speed centrifugation of a postmitochondrial supernatant made 8 mm in Ca(2+). However, the addition of Ca(2+) in concentrations as low as 1 mm to the postmitochondrial supernatant resulted in extensive polysome degradation. Degradation was dependent on both Ca(2+) concentration and the duration of incubation. Resuspension of isolated polysomes in Ca(2+)-containing buffer did not result in degradation, whereas resuspension in Ca(2+)-containing postpolysomal supernatant did. Both Ca(2+) and a heat-labile factor in the supernatant were required for polysome degradation. The degradation in the homogenate with or without added Ca(2+) could be reduced by (a) dilution with larger volumes of grinding buffer, (b) increasing the concentration of tris-HCl in the grinding buffer, (c) adding diethylpyrocarbonate or ethyleneglycol-bis (2-aminoethylether) tetraacetic acid (a specific calcium chelator) prior to homogenization or immediately after the addition of Ca(2+). Endogenous Ca(2+) can increase the destruction of polysomes during their isolation in this tissue, presumably by activating a ribonuclease. Addition of Ca(2+) is not a useful technique for separating undegraded free and membrane-bound polyribosomes.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1972

Polyribosomes from peas: an improved method for their isolation in the absence of ribonuclease inhibitors.

Profiles of polyribosomes were obtained from etiolated stem segments of Pisum sativum L. var. Alaska isolated in various buffers. Tissue homogenized in a medium containing 0.2 m tris-HCl, pH 8.5, 0.2 m sucrose, 30 mm MgCl(2), and 60 mm KCl yielded polyribosomes exhibiting far less degradation than tissue homogenized in conventional media containing tris-HCl at lower ionic strength and pH. A further decrease in degradation was found when polyribosomes were sedimented through a sucrose pad buffered at pH 8.5 prior to centrifugation. Increased separation was obtained using heavy (125-500 mg/ml), linear sucrose gradients. Using these techniques, messenger RNA species bearing up to 12 ribosomes (dodecamers) were resolved, with messenger RNA chains bearing 9 ribosomes (nonamers) being the most abundant (having the highest absorption peak). The data presented suggest that buffer of high ionic strength and high pH was more effective in preventing degradation of polyribosomes than was diethyl pyrocarbonate and, furthermore, that ratios involving large polyribosomes (hexamers and larger) were more accurate indices of degradation than were ratios involving total polyribosomes.

Journal Article↗