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Biomedical subjects

E Dahl

Publications and source records attributed to E Dahl.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

The nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome--Gorlin's syndrome. Multiple jaw cysts and skin cancer.

The nevoid basal cell carcinoma (NBS) syndrome with its characteristic multiple cysts of the jaws and skin cancer is of great interest to the dentist, the dermatologist and the oncologist. The dentist may have the opportunity of making an early diagnosis as the multiple cysts appear mostly in the ramus of the lower jaw. There is a great risk of recurrence as surgical removal is often very complicated. The disease is hereditary and is transmitted through females. The skin cancer can in most cases be treated surgically. It is essential that the family with the syndrome is investigated regularly and at periods of about six months.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Aluminium accumulation and immunosuppressive effect in recipients of kidney transplants.

Aluminium that has accumulated in the body is thought to have a generalised cytotoxic effect. A prospective study of aluminium accumulation in bone-that is, subclinical aluminium toxicity--was carried out in 94 recipients of kidney allografts, who were followed up for three years. Subclinical aluminium toxicity was found in 66 patients. A significantly smaller proportion of patients with aluminium accumulation experienced a rejection episode: 30 (58%) nu 12 (86%) who received grafts from cadavers and 4 (29%) nu 10 (71%) who received grafts from living donors. On multivariate analysis only the source of the kidney and aluminium accumulation were found to influence the rejection rate. These findings suggest that aluminium accumulation has an immunosuppressive effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Renal osteodystrophy in predialysis patients without stainable bone aluminum. A cross-sectional bone-histomorphometric study.

Histomorphometry was performed on transiliac bone biopsies, double-labeled with tetracycline, from 60 consecutively admitted patients (20 women) at various stages of chronic renal failure (CRF). Eleven patients (1 woman) had normal bone resorption and formation indices. Bone resorption and osteoid formation increased with progression of renal failure, but abnormal values were seen even at slightly elevated creatinine levels. Mineralization lag time increased with CRF duration; prolonged values were only seen in patients with polycystic kidney disease or chronic pyelonephritis with advanced CRF. All patients with impaired mineralization also had increased bone resorption. Diabetes mellitus did not protect against skeletal lesions. The biochemical tests were too insensitive to predict type or severity of bone disease, and hand X-rays had no diagnostic value in early stages of renal osteodystrophy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Gastrointestinal absorption and urinary excretion of aluminium in patients with predialysis chronic renal failure.

In a randomized cross-over study, serum and urinary aluminum (A1) was measured in 8 patients with predialysis chronic renal failure. Samples were taken after ingestion of an A1-containing phosphate binder (ACPB) with either water or 7% citric acid, and A1 was analyzed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Both serum levels and urinary excretion of A1 increased markedly after ingestion of ACPB with citric acid. Only urinary A1 excretion increased significantly after ACPB with water. Citric acid alone caused no change in serum concentration or urinary excretion of A1. The serum A1 increase after ACPB with citric acid indicates that absorption of A1 is taking place in both upper and lower intestines. Marked individual variations in gastrointestinal A1 absorption, independent of kidney function, were seen after intake of ACPB with citric acid. These variations could not be predicted from changes in serum concentrations or from urinary excretion of A1 after intake of ACPB with water. Intake of ACPB caused a significant decrease in serum phosphate.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Seasonal variations in serum aluminum concentrations.

During 1984 and 1985 we performed frequent measurements of serum aluminum (Al) in patients with moderate chronic renal failure, and healthy controls, all living in the Oslo region. The results demonstrated seasonal variations with high levels in the autumn. During the peak periods serum Al increased by a factor greater than four. Outside the peaks patients using Al-containing phosphate binders had higher serum Al levels than non-users, a difference not seen during the peaks. Serum Al levels were unrelated to parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations and to calcitriol intake. Urinary excretion and the glomerular filtration rate was stable during the period with high serum Al in the autumn 1984. Increased gastrointestinal absorption of Al, possibly caused by a waterborne factor with chelating properties, may explain the seasonal variations.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effects of ureteral occlusion and ethacrynic acid infusion on renal prostaglandin degradation in the dog.

The two major renal prostaglandins PGE2 and PGI2 are partly metabolized during a single passage of the kidney. To examine whether stopping glomerular filtration affected the renal degradation, PGE2 and PGI2 were infused into the suprarenal aorta of dogs during ureteral occlusion. Prostaglandin synthesis was blocked by indomethacin, 10 mg kg-1 b.w. i.v. About 20% of PGI2 and 80-90% of PGE2 were metabolized during one passage through the kidney. Prostaglandin degradation and arterial input were proportional (r greater than 0.95). Compared to control conditions at free urine flow, PGI2 degradation was not changed, whereas the degradation of PGE2 was slightly increased by ureteral occlusion. Ethacrynic acid might reduce degradation of PGE2 by inhibiting two degradation enzymes. To examine the influence of ethacrynic acid, PGE2 was infused in different doses into the suprarenal aorta of dogs before and after administration of ethacrynic acid 3 mg kg-1 b.w. i.v. At all dose levels of PGE2, 75-80% was degraded by one passage through the kidney, whether ethacrynic acid was administered or not. However, although ethacrynic acid did not alter the total renal output, the urinary fraction was reduced from 20-30% to 10-15%. We conclude that degradation of both PGE2 and PGI2 is mainly confined to the blood vessels, and that ethacrynic acid in conventional doses does not prevent degradation of PGE2, but redistributes PGE2 output from urine to renal venous blood.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Low dose calcitriol versus placebo in patients with predialysis chronic renal failure.

The effects of a small dose of calcitriol (less than or equal to 0.50 micrograms/day) on parathyroid and renal function, bone histomorphometry, and aluminum (Al) metabolism were studied in a randomized double blind study of 30 patients with predialysis chronic renal failure. The patients were followed at least monthly for 8 months. Serum Al levels were measured, and transiliac bone biopsies, double labeled with tetracycline, were obtained at both the beginning and end of the 8-month treatment period. Serum calcium and ionized calcium concentrations increased in the treatment group, and the calcitriol dosage had to be reduced in 8 patients at least once because of hypercalcemia. Calcitriol treatment did not significantly influence either serum A1 levels or the presence of stainable Al in bone. Serum PTH, urinary cAMP excretion, and bone resorption indices decreased in the treatment group, indicating suppression of parathyroid hyperfunction. Throughout the study renal function decreased at a similar rate in both groups, suggesting that calcitriol treatment had no depressive effect on renal function. We conclude that a low dose of calcitriol may be used to preserve or even restore bone metabolism in patients with predialysis chronic renal failure if serum calcium is closely followed and hypercalcemia promptly treated.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Osseointegrated oral implants. A Swedish multicenter study of 8139 consecutively inserted Nobelpharma implants.

Fourteen Swedish teams outside the University of Gothenburg, each with minimally three years' experience in the Nobelpharma osseointegrated implant participated in a retrospective multiclinic study. The total number of consecutively inserted implants at the 14 clinics was 8139. The outcome of every implant was reported and all implant failures, irrespective of when they occurred, were published. The success criteria included absence of implant mobility, absence of radiolucent zones on x-rays, and an annual bone loss after the first year of less than 0.2 mm. In the mandible 334 implants were followed for five to eight years, with only three failures, for a success rate of 99.1%. In the maxilla 106 implants were followed for five to seven years, with a success rate of 84.9%. In irradiated and grafted mandibles, 56 implants were inserted and none was lost during a follow-up of up to five years. In the irradiated maxilla there were 16 implants inserted with three reported failures and in the grafted upper jaw 71 implants were inserted with 12 failures. The proportions of mandibular and maxillary sleeping implants were 0.8 and 0.3%, of patient drop-out implants 0.3 and 0.6%, and of patient death implants 0.9 and 1.2%, respectively. It was concluded that the osseointegrated implant, if inserted according to the guidelines of Brånemark, results in a very high degree of clinical success, thereby meeting any published oral implant success criteria.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1988

A transplantable rat Leydig cell tumour. 6. Effect of castration and hypophysectomy on tumour growth, morphology and plasma levels of pituitary hormones and testosterone.

Growth rate and morphology were studied in a transplantable rat Leydig cell tumour (H-540) grown in intact, castrated and hypophysectomized rats. The plasma levels of pituitary hormones and testosterone were measured in the same rats. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. The growth curves of tumours in intact and castrated rats were S-shaped and very similar during the observation period of three weeks. 2. In hypophysectomized rats, the onset and progression of tumour growth were delayed, compared with intact and castrated rats. 3. The thymidine labelling index as well as the size of the S and G2 phase compartments were decreased in tumours greater than 10 g compared with smaller tumours and tumours grown in hypophysectomized rats. 4. Testosterone concentrations in plasma correlate well with increasing tumour weight up to approximately 10-15 g in intact and castrated rats. 5. Plasma testosterone levels in tumour-bearing hypophysectomized rats were 7-fold higher than those of corresponding intact and castrated rats. 6. In castrated rats, suppression of LH production occurs by very small tumours (less than 2 g), whereas FSH levels show a gradual decrease with increasing tumour size. PRL production was independent of castration, tumour weight, and testosterone levels. 7. In spite of no major differences in cell morphology, the morphometric analysis revealed a reduction in tumour cell size and nuclear size in hypophysectomized rats compared with intact and castrated rats. It is concluded that pituitary hormones stimulate tumour growth, but surprisingly appear to reduce the secretion of testosterone from these tumours.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Histomorphometric analysis of normal bone from the iliac crest of Norwegian subjects.

Transiliac bone biopsies were obtained from 72 healthy Norwegians (46 women) aged 21-81 years. Twenty-two men and 40 women were double-labelled with tetracycline. Histomorphometric analysis was done on undecalcified sections by means of point counting and simple measurements in order to establish normal mean values and ranges in a Norwegian population. The data obtained correspond well with those disclosed by other European studies. Osteoid surface was correlated with eroded surface in men but not in women. All bone measurements were independent of age in men. In women, all measured formation indices except apposition rate increased, while mean cortical thickness and cancellous bone volume decreased with age. Surface based bone formation rate also increased with age in women. Mean values for osteoid and labelled surfaces as well as bone formation rate were higher in men. The deviation from other reports may be due to a different age distribution with more older people in the present study.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Cleft lip and palate in Denmark, 1976-1981: epidemiology, variability, and early somatic development.

The present investigation describes the incidence and variability of the primary cleft condition in all Danish infants born with cleft lip, cleft palate, or both, from 1976 to 1981 and analyzes general somatic growth from birth to age 22 months. Because of excellent sampling conditions in Denmark, the study material is nearly complete. Six hundred and seventy-eight infants with facial clefts were born during the period, corresponding to 1.89 per 1,000 of all newborns. Six hundred and two patients were examined--most of them twice: at 2 months and at 22 months. Material uptake included plaster casts of the upper jaw, cephalometric films in three projections, anthropometric registrations, and information from hospital charts. A detailed grading of the clefts according to severity was carried out. Sex distribution was 61% males and 39% females, of whom 34% had isolated cleft lip, 39% combined cleft lip and palate, and 27% an isolated cleft palate. Left-sided clefts were most frequent. In the combined cleft lip and palate group, 90% exhibited subtotal or total clefts, whereas the clefts were less severe in the isolated cleft lip and isolated cleft palate patients. Birth weight and length showed values close to the average for Danish newborns, but a lag was seen in infants in whom severe palatal cleft was included. The extended method of classification was suggested to select subgroups for special care.

Body Height↗
PubMed1987

Renal degradation and distribution between urinary and venous output of prostaglandins E2 and I2.

To examine renal degradation and distribution between urine and renal venous blood, prostaglandins E2 and I2 (PGE2 and PGI2), and a metabolite of PGI2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, were infused into the suprarenal aorta of anaesthetized dogs after blocking prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin, 10 mg kg-1 body wt iv. During one passage through the kidney 80% of PGE2 and only 25% of PGI2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were metabolized. Prostaglandin degradation and arterial input were proportional (r greater than 0.90). To stimulate the intrarenal prostaglandin synthesis in unblocked kidneys, arachidonic acid was infused at rates ranging from 24 to 160 micrograms min-1 kg-1 body wt. During arachidonic acid and PGE2 infusion the urinary excretion of PGE2 was about 20% of the renal venous output over a wide range of infusion rates. During arachidonic acid and PGI2 infusion urinary excretion of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was about 10% of total renal output, but failed to increase further when total renal output exceeded 70 pmol min-1. Further increase in output occurred only in the renal vein. In contrast, during 6-keto-PGF1 alpha infusion the urinary excretion and the renal venous output of this metabolite were related as 1:2 over a wide range of infusion rates. Thus, PGI2 is much less degraded by renal tissue than PGE2, and the distribution patterns differ. Similar distributions between urine and renal venous blood during aortic infusion and stimulated intrarenal synthesis suggest a pre-glomerular vascular origin of both prostaglandins.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1987

Malocclusion in complete unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate. The results of a change in the surgical procedure.

In 1972 the surgical interference with the cleft in the hard palate was changed to a one-layer closure by a vomer flap. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the effect of this change in the surgical management on the width of the maxillary dental arch and the frequency of malocclusion. Two groups of CLP children were examined: group 1 consisted of 58 children operated on before and in 1972. Group 2 consisted of 72 children operated on after 1972. All of the children had been operated on by the same surgeon. The remainder of the surgical procedures was the same in the two groups. No significant differences were observed, either in the maxillary dental arch width or in the frequency of malocclusion. A minor decrease in the frequency of mandibular overjet and crossbite was seen in the vomer group. Less need for closure of fistulas in the anterior part of the hard palate was seen in group 2.

Cleft Lip↗
PubMed1987

The effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 24,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 on adenylyl cyclase of iliac crest biopsies: diagnostic and prognostic tool for evaluation and treatment of uremic patients.

The bone adenylyl cyclase (AC) complex of iliac crest biopsies of normals, uremic patients and subjects with primary hyperparathyroidism (PrHPT) have been investigated. Bone resorption (RS) in uremic patients appears to be related partly to increased serum parathyroid hormone (s-PTH) levels and to netto PTH-stimulated AC (net PTH-AC) and partly to the uremic condition (as estimated by s-Creatinine) per se. Serum PTH is able to completely desensitize the PTH dependent bone AC in normals in vivo, but only partially in uremic patients. In patients with PrHPT, the bone AC appears to be inert to homologous desensitization. Positive aluminum staining is associated with blunted CT-responsive and low basal AC. In the combined group of normals and uremic patients, net PTH-AC is (as predicted from human in vitro data and the rat model) inversely related to serum 24,25-diOH-D3. Net PTH-AC, when corrected for s-24,25-diOH-D3 levels, correlated well with RS. The described action of 24,25-diOH-D3 presents a clearly defined rationale for the use of 24,25-diOH-D3 concurrently with 1,25-diOH-D3 to treat renal osteodystrophy: By administering 1,25-diOH-D3, s-Ca2+ and s-PTH will normalize and consequently net PTH-AC diminish. 24,25-diOH-D3 is then believed to further reduce net PTH-AC and RS. A concomitant alleviation of the uremic condition would eventually ensure the fastest possible restoration of bone structure and function.

24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3↗
PubMed1987

Tooth transplantation to bone graft in cleft alveolus.

Autotransplantation of teeth has developed from a last resort operation into a well tested and relatively predictable clinical procedure. This article documents four cases where autologous teeth were successfully transplanted into bone from the iliac crest grafted to an alveolar cleft. The possibility of tooth transplantation should be considered when planning dental rehabilitation for patients with cleft.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Plasma CEA in large bowel carcinoma: which patients should be followed by regular postoperative measurements? Preliminary follow-up results in 100 patients with different tumor DNA-ploidy patterns.

In 100 patients with large bowel carcinomas, the tumors were divided into a distinctly aneuploid (AN) group (63) and a near diploid (ND) group (37) by flow cytometric (FCM) DNA quantitation of cell suspensions. Preoperative plasma CEA levels were determined in all patients. Thirty-eight patients with AN and 28 patients with ND tumors were operated on for cure and had normal plasma CEA levels postoperatively. These two groups had regular CEA plasma measurements as part of the clinical follow-up. In the AN group, 12 of 15 patients have had recurrence preceded by CEA elevation. In the ND group, however, only one of eight recurrences was preceded by a rise in CEA level; the one with elevation also had increased plasma CEA prior to operation. It thus seems that a low CEA output of ND tumors explains many of the "false-negative" CEA measurements in disseminated cases. It is concluded that, in addition to patients with an elevated preoperative plasma CEA level, all patients with aneuploid tumors should be subjected to repeated plasma CEA measurements as part of the follow-up program.

Adult↗