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Biomedical subjects

E Cohen

Publications and source records attributed to E Cohen.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Nafcillin-induced neutropenia in children.

Neutropenia developed in three pediatric patients treated intravenously with nafcillin. This association has not been, to our knowledge, previously reported in children. One of the patients is the youngest reported who had neutropenia associated with any penicillin; another patient had a prolonged recovery. The literature pertaining to marrow suppression by all penicillins is reviewed. This usually occurs 10 to 25 days after the inception of high-dose intravenous therapy and resolves when the penicillin therapy is discontinued. An absolute neutrophil count of less than 1,000/ml is an indication to change to an antibiotic other than a penicillin. Children receiving intravenous penicillins should have WBC counts with differential analysis two to three times a week.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Expression of esterases during ontogenesis of the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Tenebrionidae; Coleoptera).

Two electrophoretically fast-migrating, nonspecific esterases were detected in two strains of the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum and designated F (fast) and S (slow) according to their relative migration distances. Both isozymes are associated with the alimentary canal and display ontogenetic changes. Their activity is very low in the egg stage, increases in the larva, and declines dramatically in the pharate pupa and pupa. The overall activity in the pupal stage is low, yet increases gradually throughout this period. In the adult, the activity of the esterases rises sharply. The larval and adult F and S isozymes were found to hydrolyze alpha- and beta-naphthylacetate and alpha-naphthylpropionate with almost equal capacity. alpha-Naphthyl laurate was cleaved by the F enzyme of both larvae and adults. The F and S were insensitive to inhibitors of arylesterases and cholinesterases and were markedly inhibited by the organophosphate di-isopropylphosphorofluoridate (DFP) and could be classified as carboxylesterases. Differential sensitivities of larval and adult esterases to urea and heat treatment as well as to DFP may indicate the expression of different genes during metamorphosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in human prostatic fluid: an aid in recognition of malignancy?

A total of 1,435 specimens of prostatic fluid were collected from 1,076 patients by rectal massage. Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in the fluid were separated by acrylamide disk electrophoresis and the ratio of lactic dehydrogenase-5/lactic dehydrogenase-1 was used as the parameter for the test. There were significant differences in the ratio among patients with a normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic carcinoma. The mean values of lactic dehydrogenase-5/lactic dehydrogenase-1 ratios were 0.48 +/- 0.09, 1.36 +/- 0.17 and 5.21 +/- 0.79, respectively. Of 30 patients with histological evidence of prostatic carcinoma 25 (85 per cent) had a ratio greater than 2 in the prostatic fluid. On the other hand the ratio was less than 2 in 50 of 57 men (88 per cent) with a histological diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia devoid of inflammation. When prostatic fluid contained white blood cells a positive correlation was observed between the ratio and the number of white blood cells per microscopic field (r equals 0.289, p less than 0.001). The results indicate that a lactic dehydrogenase-5/lactic dehydrogenase-1 ratio exceeding 2 in the prostatic fluid in the absence of inflammation should be regarded as an indication of high risk of the presence of carcinoma of the prostate.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Neuropsychologic effects of continuous oxygen therapy in the aged.

This study investigated the effects of continuous therapy with oxygen on the neuropsychologic functioning of aged subjects professing problems with their memory. Nineteen men (mean age, 71 years) were evaluated on eight neuropsychologic measures during three different periods of time. Subjects were tested before any treatment, after a month of continuous therapy with oxygen, and after a period of sham treatment. The results indicated statistically significant improvement in the Wechsler Memory Quotient and, with one exception, improvement in all other measurements in favor of the treatment with oxygen. Differences between the results of this investigation and those of other studies are discussed, along with the factors possibly accounting for these differences.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Filtration leukapheresis: effects of donor stimulation with dexamethasone.

Dexamethasone was administered to 51 donors prior to filtration leukapheresis. The results of this maneuver, including the consequences of transfusion, were contrasted with results in 52 donors who did not receive the steroid. Yields of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, the posttransfusion increments in recipients, themorphologic polymorphonuclear leukocytes obtained, and the incidence of donor and recipient reactions were all beneficially influenced by this manipulation. Possible mechanisms responsible for these observations are discussed. It is recommended that dexamethasone stimulation be used in filtration leukapheresis when circumstances do not otherwise contraindicate such a maneuver.

Blood Donors↗
PubMed1976

Granulocyte transfusions in children using filter-collected cells.

Twenty-three children with various stages and morphologic types of leukemia were treated with multiple granulocyte transfusions obtained by filtration leukapheresis when neutropenia-associated infection appeared unresponsive to antibiotics. All children meeting the above qualifications were given granulocyte transfusions during this time period. Twenty-one of 23 became afebrile during or shortly after the transfusions; one died with disseminated Herpes simplex; and one became well enough to be discharged, although he was never free of fever. Frequent mild to moderate fever and chills were noted. One child developed a severe pulmonary reaction followed by resolution of pneumonia. Filtration leukapheresis is a useful adjunct in controlling severe infections in neutropenic children.

Adolescent↗