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Biomedical subjects

E Cohen

Publications and source records attributed to E Cohen.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Clinical utility of leukemia cell terminal transferase measurements.

Interest in the DNA-synthetic enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) has developed from two sets of observations: first, in normal animals, it occurs only in immature thymic lymphocytes and in a subpopulation of bone marrow lymphocytes; second, it is present in the blast cells of almost all patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A prospective trial to evaluate blast cell TdT as a predictor of responsiveness to vincristine and prednisone in 30 Philadelphia chromosome-positive patients with blastic chronic myelogenous leukemia was undertaken. Eleven of 16 TdT-positive patients responded, whereas only one of 14 TdT-negative patients showed improvement. Among TdT-positive patients under the age of 50 years, the response rate was 78%. Enzyme-negative patients under the age of 50 had an 11% response rate. Blast cell morphology (i.e., lymphoblastic versus myeloblastic) had no significant correlation with either responsiveness or TdT activity. These results suggest that blast cell TdT activity may identify leukemic patients who are likely to respond to vincristine and prednisone irrespective of their conventional classification.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II and III breast carcinoma.

Stage II or III breast carcinoma patients were assigned to one of three adjuvant chemotherapy groups after mastectomy. The efficacy of melphalan, vs cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil, and prednisone (CFP), vs CFP plus BCG vaccine was compared in 173 patients treated for five days every six weeks for the first postoperative year. Tumor size, unfavorable local signs, extent of axillary nodal involvement, menopausal status, and participating hospital were considered in assigning patients to treatment groups. The median follow-up time was 26 months; 24.2% of the patients were studied for more than three years. Recurrent disease occurred in 31.6% of the patients in the melphalan group and in 13.4% and 13.2% in the other two groups. Six patients died of metastatic tumor; three others died of other causes. A favorable significant difference exists for polychemotherapy in prolonging disease-free interval in our series.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1980

A genetically mediated relationship between the readiness to self stimulate lateral hypothalamus and the intensity of the septal and ventromedial hypothalamic rage syndromes.

Rats from two genetically high self stimulating lines (LC1-Hi, LC2-Hi) and from two genetically low self stimulating lines (LC1-Lo, LC2-Lo) were subjected to septal lesions at various ages. The genetically high self-stimulators exhibited the typical marked increase in emotionality following septal lesions, while the genetically low self stimulators showed an attentuated emotional response following septal lesions. In a subsequent experiment, animals from the same lines were subjected to VMH lesions. Once again, animals from the genetic high self stimulating lines showed a marked increase in emotionality following the lesions while the animals from the genetic low self-stimulating lines showed an attenuated emotional response. Hyperphagia was observed in all lines with no relation to the self stimulation genetic background. It is suggested that the septal and VMH systems modulating affective behavior are functionally related to the system modulating self stimulation, while these mechanisms seem to be basically independent of the VMH systems involved in maintenance of body weight.

Anger↗
PubMed1980

Increase in Dry Weight and Total Nitrogen Content in Zea mays and Setaria italica Associated with Nitrogen-fixing Azospirillum spp.

The association between nitrogen-fixing bacteria from the genus Azospirillum and the grasses Zea mays and Setaria italica was investigated in sterilized Leonard-jar assemblies. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from Cynodon dactylon roots in Israel and Azospirillum brasilense (Sp-7, Sp-80, and Cd) were examined. C(2)H(2) reduction activity was detected in systems containing 0.0 to 0.08 but not in those containing 0.16 gram per liter NH(4)NO(3). The organisms tested significantly increased plant dry weight (50-100%), total N content of leaves (50-100%) and C(2)H(4) production (300-1000 nanomoles C(2)H(4) per plant per hour). Highest C(2)H(2) reduction activities were obtained above 30 C and with high light intensities. Significant increases in S. italica dry weight (DW) and nitrogen (N) content were observed in sand (DW = 80%, N = 150%), sandy loam soil (DW = 80%, N = 75%) and loess (DW = 37%, N = 25%). The results obtained in this work clearly demonstrate the potential benefit of inoculating grasses with Azospirillum.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1980

Pathologic flail chest complicating multiple myeloma.

Pathologic flail chest complicated the initial presentation of multiple myeloma in two patients. Both had severe hypercalcemia and diffuse bone disease. Atelectasis and pulmonary edema preceded the appearance of flail chest in one patient; atelectasis complicated the flail chest in the second patient and increased the severity of the flail. Both were treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, delay in stabilizing the first patient's chest wall with positive airway pressure was followed by extension of the flail chest and irreversible respiratory failure. On the other hand, prolonged stabilization of the chest wall in the second patient until a chemotherapy-induced remission occurred was associated with resolution of the flail chest.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

The effect of two different renal preservation methods on canine renal allograft survival.

Preservation of human cadaver kidneys for transplantation has been achieved primarily by two methods, hypothermic pulsatile perfusion with cryoprecipitated plasma and cold storage with an electrolyte solution. It has been suggested that pulsatile perfusion results in an increased antigenicity of the transplanted kidney. To investigate the possibility that pulsatile perfusion causes changes which may accelerate allograft rejection, machine preservation was compared with simple cold storage. The kidneys were preserved by either one of the two methods for 6 or 24 hours followed by allotransplantation in nephrectomised dogs. No immunosuppressive drugs were given. Kidneys which were allografted without undergoing any preservation (0 hrs) had a mean survival time of 10.4 +/- 1.7 days (n =5). Kidneys preserved by machine perfusion for 6 and 24 hours survival for 9.6 +/- 1.4 (n = 5) and 10.9 +/- 1.3 (n =9) days respectively. The mean survival time for simple cold storage for 6 and 24 hours was 9.3 +/- 1.3 (n =7) and 12.0 +/- 1.9 (n =6) days. Our findings suggest that in kidneys exposed to minimal warm ischaemia there is no significant difference between the two methods of preservation on renal allograft survival for the time intervals tested.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

An electrophoretic analysis of selected enzymes of the coconut crab, Birgus latro.

1. Employing starch gel electrophoresis at pH 8.6, a single anodal band of L(+)-lactate dehydrogenase activity was found in skeletal muscle of Birgus latro. 2. Two anodal malate dehydrogenase isozymes were observed in heart, skeletal muscle and pericardial gland tissue. Lung and gill exhibited the faster moving band only. 3. Multiple bands of esterase activity were detected in all tissues examined employing alpha-naphthylacetate or alpha-butyrate as substrate. 4. Multiple molecular forms of superoxide dismutase were observed in all tissues examined. 5. Lung exhibited a single cathodal band of carbonic anhydrase activity.

Animals↗