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Biomedical subjects

E Charles

Publications and source records attributed to E Charles.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Life events and the occurrence of cancer in children.

Over a two-year period the families of twenty-five children with cancer and of a comparison group of children brought to a general pediatric clinic were studied by means of the Holmes-Rahe Life Schedule of Recent Events and by personal interviews. Results obtained by use of the Holmes-Rahe questionnaire revealed significant differences between the patient and control groups. Histories obtained from families in both groups also revealed that in the cancer group certain important life events were found to have occurred with greater frequency in the year prior to the onset of the disease. The relevance of these findings to previous work done in the field and to some current theories concerning the relationship of genetic, viral, endocrine, and psychological factors in the development of cancer are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Therapists' recognition of psychopathology: a model for quality review of psychotherapy.

In this study 32 randomly selected psychiatric emergency room patients, who were in concurrent psychotherapy, completed the SCL-90 and a clinically oriented questionnaire. Their therapists independently rated the patients' degree of psychopathology on the nine SCL-90 symptom scales. Therapists were highly efficient in recognizing depression (94% of the cases) and anxiety (89%) but not psychotic (35%) and obsessive-complusive (16%) pathology. Variables significantly associated with the therapists' nonrecognition of psychopathology were the diagnosis of borderline, the patient's expression of inadequacy in comparison to the therapist, the patient's fear of offending the therapist, and the patient wanting but not receiving empathy from the therapist. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for peer review and further research.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

A comparative study of borderline patients in a psychiatric outpatient clinic.

The authors applied a list of operational criteria to all new patients in a large psychiatric outpatient department over a one-year period. A randomly selected group of patients clinically diagnosed as having borderline personality disorder was compared with groups with the diagnoses of schizophrenia, neurosis, and nonborderline personality disorder. The group with borderline personality disorder was significantly different from the other groups according to the criteria, especially on items reflecting impulsivity, affectivity, and overvaluation/derogation of others. Impaired reality testing proved a useful distinguishing criterion as well and should be retained as part of the borderline concept.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Clinical supervision of the initial interview: effects on patient care.

The authors raise the question of whether the directly supervised initial evaluation of outpatients by psychiatric residents influences the quality of patient care. The charts of 78 patients with direct supervision and 78 patients with traditional supervision were randomly selected for review four months after the initial interview. More than twice as many patients with direct supervision remained in active treatment or terminated after successful short-term treatment compared with traditionally supervised patients in the early intake period. Patients with direct supervision also received a less pathological diagnosis.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1979

Common mistakes in psychotherapy.

To better monitor the psychotherapy training of psychiatric residents and to understand therapist factors involved in a negative outcome to psychotherapy, the authors surveyed 20 supervisors on the frequency of mistakes made by resident therapists. Among the mistakes most commonly made were wanting to be liked by patients, premature interpretations, overuse of intellectualization, inability to tolerate patients' aggression, and avoidance of fee setting. The authors conclude that the mitigation of the most common errors requires open discussion of countertransference issues.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1978

Maternal plasma and amniotic fluid prolactin levels in normal and hypertensive pregnancy.

Prolactin levels in the plasma and amniotic fluid of 121 normal pregnant women, 78 women with pre-eclampsia and 30 women with essential hypertension complicating pregnancy were determined by radioimmunoassay. Mean prolactin levels in plasma, but not in amniotic fluid, were significantly lower than controls in the group with pre-eclampsia (P less than 0.01) and in the group with essential hypertension (P less than 0.05). These findings suggest altered production and/or clearance of prolactin from the maternal compartment in these patients and may explain their increased response to pressor agents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Evaluation of Problem Oriented Treatment Planning in outpatient psychotherapy.

The paper presents systematic evaluation of a modified problem oriented medical record approach to treatment planning in outpatient psychotherapy. By comparison with a four year period prior to the institution of problem oriented treatment planning (POTP), data from a year in which POTP was used indicated a 50% reduction in patient drop out but no change in clinician rated condition of patients at termination. Findings of the report suggest an optimistic stance on the part of the clinician regarding accomplishment of goals in six weeks when patient and clinician are in agreement as to problem and goal even if the goal entails adjustment to psychological conflict. Contrary to authors' expectations staff acceptance of POTP was good.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1976

Patient dissatisfaction and attempted suicide.

This paper deals with the presence of suicidal behavior in a mental health clinic and psychiatric emergency room, and its relationships to what has been described in the literature as the "dependent-dissatisfied" personality. Procedures included a suicidal potential scale, projective figure drawings, and a brief interview about past and present suicidal behavior. The scale used significantly differentiated between high and low potentially suicidal groups. The high suicidal group showed a significantly greater dissatisfaction with treatment both past and present. The implications for both evaluation and therapy of suicidal patients are discussed.

Attitude↗