Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E Charles

Publications and source records attributed to E Charles.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Patients with multiple sclerosis presenting to psychiatric hospitals.

BACKGROUND: Although many neuropsychiatric syndromes are associated with multiple sclerosis, few recent studies have examined the clinical features of psychiatric illness in inpatients with multiple sclerosis. Florid psychopathology can obscure neurologic symptoms in multiple sclerosis. It is therefore important to consider the range of severe psychiatric states that can occur in multiple sclerosis and the frequency with which multiple sclerosis patients are seen in inpatient facilities. METHOD: We examined records for 2720 consecutive admissions to three psychiatric units and conducted a chart review comparing the DSM-III psychiatric diagnoses of patients with multiple sclerosis with those of the inpatient population as a whole. RESULTS: The 10 patients with multiple sclerosis were significantly more likely to present with histories of mania and manic psychosis than the inpatient population as a whole. Further, 7 of the 10 patients had psychiatric hospitalizations before the multiple sclerosis diagnosis. In 4 of these 7 patients, a review of the medical record documented neurologic symptoms that were not recognized as typical of multiple sclerosis. Three of these 4 patients were psychotic and the fourth was catatonic at the time of their admissions. CONCLUSION: While multiple sclerosis patients account for a small proportion of all psychiatric admissions, clinicians should consider the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in patients exhibiting manic symptoms in tandem with unexplained neurologic findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Assessment of quality of life as observed from the baseline data of the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) trial quality-of-life substudy.

The improvement of aspects of a patient's quality of life may be as important as prolonging survival in evaluating clinical trials of heart failure. The purpose of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the baseline measures from the quality-of-life substudy from the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) trial. The measures included the 6-Minute Walk Test, Dyspnea Scale, Living with Heart Failure, Physical Limitations, Psychologic Distress and Health Perceptions, as reported by both patients and staff. Cognitive functioning, such as Vocabulary, Digit Span and Trails Making, was also assessed. Patients were classified as New York Heart Association class I (n = 158) versus II or III (n = 150). The internal consistencies (i.e., reliabilities) of the self-report measures were high, except for the Health Perceptions of Class II or III patients. Reliability of the SOLVD quality-of-life battery was confirmed by significantly better life quality among New York Heart Association class I patients versus class II or III patients combined on the Walk Test, Physical Limitations, Dyspnea, Living with Heart Failure, Psychologic Distress and staff perceptions of patient health. In accordance with prior studies, the measures were uncorrelated with left ventricular ejection fraction. By demonstrating strong internal consistencies, reliability based on physician reports, and independence of ejection fraction levels, use of this quality-of-life assessment battery in this and other clinical trials of compromised ventricular functioning is supported.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1992

Effects of fluoride on secretory and postsecretory phases of enamel formation in sheep molars.

Effect of fluoride was assessed on molars during and after mineralization. Two groups of 7 sheep each were dosed orally with 3.5 mg of fluoride/kg of body weight daily for 4 months (from 5 to 9 months after birth). Sheep of the first group were slaughtered immediately after fluoride administration; those of the second group were slaughtered 4 months later at the age of 13 months. Three control groups of 7 sheep each were slaughtered at 5 months (to determine the state of the teeth at the beginning of fluoride administration), and at 9 and 13 months. During fluoride administration, plasma fluoride concentration rapidly increased to about 0.50 microgram/ml; after fluoride administration, it stabilized at 0.20 microgram/ml in treated sheep, whereas controls had concentration of 0.10 micrograms/ml (P less than 0.01). Parts of the molars that were in the process of mineralization during fluoride administration (mainly second molars) had thinning enamel, with pits, mainly close to the apex, marked decrease in hardness throughout the layer (less than 100 Vickers U, compared with 240 Vickers U), and fluoride accumulation twice as high as that in controls (1,000 to 2,500 mg/kg [dry weight]). Fluoride accumulation was higher in dentine (2,700 to 4,200 mg/kg), but hardness was less affected. On parts of the molars that were already mineralized (mostly, the first molar), changes in the appearance of enamel and cementum, decreased hardness (less important than in teeth during mineralization) affecting outer enamel more than inner enamel, high fluoride concentration (4,000 to 5,500 mg/kg [dry weight]) in outer enamel extending over 200 microns were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Ameloblasts↗
PubMed1990

Fluoride pharmacokinetics in the ewe: a linear pharmacokinetics model.

The kinetics of fluoride was studied in a group of 3 adult ewes given sodium fluoride solutions at 3 dose levels (0.15, 0.375 and 0.75 mg/kg bw). Data were analysed using both compartmental and noncompartmental approaches. A 3-compartment open model was selected to describe the data. Comparison of the different parameters indicated an absence of change with dose level, suggesting that fluoride behaved linearly at the doses under study. The half-life of elimination was 2.57 +/- 1.28 h, the steady-state volume of distribution was 0.26 +/- 0.5 L/kg and the body clearance was 0.105 +/- 0.26 L/kg/h. It was concluded that a single intravascular fluoride administration (bolus) may be used to evaluate oral bioavailability of fluoride in sheep in toxicity studies.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

[Soil fluoride: low digestive absorption in sheep].

The percentages of digestive absorption of fluoride contained in various soils were assessed by the balance technique in groups of 4 ewes given soil enriched concentrated feed. Four soils collected in an area close to a source of fluoride and 3 samples from non polluted sites were used. The levels of extractable fluoride were significantly higher in the polluted soils. The various soils have little influence on the amounts of fluoride excreted in urine; these amounts are not correlated with the amounts of fluoride absorbed in the digestive tract. The percentages of digestive absorption of soil fluoride ranged between 4.5 and 23%, with 4 values close to 20%. The values are correlated with the soil total fluoride concentration and not with the soil extractable fluoride concentration.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Indicators of lead, zinc and cadmium exposure in cattle: II. Controlled feeding and recovery.

Two pre-exposed and 2 normal heifers were fed lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd) polluted hay (500 g/100 kg body weight) over a 17-week period. They were then examined over a 10-month period (42 or 38 weeks) to study the decay of the indicators of exposure. The elimination pattern of blood Pb and Zn protoporphyrin concentrations displayed a very slow decay. A bi-exponential equation, with the half-times of the fast component set at approximately 1 week, and the half-times of the slow component set from 3 mo to 2 years, was fitted to blood Pb levels. In man, the half-life of the slow component is still longer (2 to 15 years). This slow elimination rate represents release of Pb from skeleton, which in bovines, may accumulate up to 100 ppm Pb/dry or more. Lead concentrations in the hair were not proportionate to the areas under the curves of blood Pb levels; there was the same lack of correlation concerning skeleton and viscerae Pb levels. The withdrawal of contaminated hay from the diet resulted in a significant increase in blood copper. This is in accordance with the depressive effect of Pb and Zn on the bioavailability of this metal.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1987

Met-enkephalin, age and anatomy: a microiontophoretic study in the hippocampus.

Met-enkephalin, administered microiontophoretically, produced a greater increase in firing in cells in area CA 3-4 in the hippocampus of both young and aged Fisher 344 rats than it did in the CA 1 area. Furthermore, the effect of met-enkephalin on neuronal firing rates was not as great in old rats as it was in young rats. Finally, 20-40 nA of met-enkephalin produced an increase in firing in old rats that was equivalent to the difference (2.5 spikes/sec) in baseline firing between old (2.6 spikes/sec) and young rats (5.1 spikes/sec).

Aging↗
PubMed1986

Acetylcholine, aging and anatomy: differential effects in the hippocampus.

The response to acetylcholine (ACh) administered microiontophoretically was determined for single units in CA1 and CA3-4 areas of the hippocampi of both young (3-5 months) and old (24-26 months) Fisher 344 rats. Single units in CA1 showed a greater response to ACh (20 nA) than single units in CA3-4 in young and in old rats. However, the response to ACh in single units of young rats was significantly greater than in single units of old rats. Baseline firing rates in old rats were lower than those in young rats. However, there was no difference in baseline firing rates between the two areas of the hippocampus indicating that the differential response to ACh as a function of area cannot be attributed to a difference in baseline firing rate.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1985

Development of a cost-efficient psychogeriatrics service.

Various cost-efficient and space-efficient methods were used to expand outpatient services to the elderly at a teaching hospital's psychiatry clinic over a 2-year period. During this time the active treatment census of elderly patients more than doubled, to 185 patients. Only one enrolled patient required psychiatric hospitalization, and none required nursing home placement in the 2 years. Except for the geriatrics service director, no new paid staff and no extra space were required to form the service. The authors review the methods that seemed most beneficial to the service.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Scaled ratings of DSM-III personality disorders.

The authors describe the use of a 4-point rating scale for DSM-III axis II categories in a hospital-based outpatient clinic. Fifty-one percent of the sample met the criteria for one or more DSM-III personality disorders. This increased to 88% when the sample also included patients rated as having "some traits" or "almost meets DSM-III criteria." Frequency distributions were obtained for each of the 11 personality disorders, and a factor analysis was derived that was similar to the groupings described in DSM-III.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Discordance between the SCL-90 and therapists' psychopathology ratings.

This study examines the symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90), a patient self-report rating scale, as a screening and baseline psychopathology measure in an outpatient clinic. A low correlation (r = .17) was found between the SCL-90 and the SCL analogue, a matched psychopathology instrument rated by clinicians. The most common causes of discordance in ratings were patients' underreporting of symptoms due to patients' paranoia or fearfulness, overreporting of symptoms consistent with patients' "demonstrative" style, and false-positive items related to patients' physical illness. We conclude that the SCL-90 has limited validity as a clinical measure in the study of patients seen in evaluation in our setting.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Is there a characteristic pattern to the treatment history of clinic outpatients with borderline personality?

The prior psychiatric histories, dispositions, and treatment plans for a group of patients with borderline personality, evaluated in an outpatient clinic, were compared to those of evaluated patients diagnosed as having neurotic and/or other personality disorders or schizophrenia. Variables that were found to discriminate patients diagnosed as borderline from the other two groups included a history of past hospitalizations and their duration, frequency of prior outpatient treatment, previous use of psychotropic medications, rates of dropout and referral-out of the clinic, and number of treatment sessions received during a 2-year follow-up period. Patients with borderline personality who had the most previous treatment and the most severe symptoms received the least treatment. The histories of extensive previous treatment are consistent with the frequently brief and unsatisfactory nature of the index clinic contacts.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Quality review of outpatient psychopharmacological practice with APA Task Force criteria.

The authors conducted quality review of outpatient psychopharmacological practice in 180 cases with the screening criteria of the APA Task Force on Psychopharmacological Criteria Development and a subset of 12 criteria involving higher-risk practices. Excessive duration of drug treatment was the most common questionable practice, and no relationship was found between frequency of questionable practices and patients' sex, age, social class, or Global Assessment Scale score. An educational exercise based on the audit resulted in a nonsignificant decrease in the higher-risk practices.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Hypertension and DSM-III depression in psychiatric outpatients.

Among 452 psychiatric outpatients, DSM-III diagnoses of major depression were three times as common among those with hypertensive disease as those without hypertension. Age, sex, chronic medical illness, and current antihypertensive medication did not account for these diagnostic differences.

Adult↗