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Biomedical subjects

E C Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to E C Anderson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Arachidonic acid metabolites in the pathophysiology of thrombocytopenia and haemorrhage in acute African swine fever.

Changes in the production of proaggregatory (thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin E2) and antiaggregatory (prostacyclin) prostaglandins by blood platelets, macrophages and endothelial cells during acute African swine fever caused by both a highly virulent virus and a less virulent virus were studied. No impairment in thromboxane A2 release by either platelets or macrophages could be detected but prostacyclin production by the endothelium was impaired. There was also a significant increase in prostaglandin E2 release by macrophages at the time when thrombocytopenia was most marked. However, the early event that causes primary aggregation remains obscure.

African Swine Fever↗
PubMed1986

Potential for the transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus from African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) to cattle.

Foot-and-mouth disease viruses of types SAT 1 and SAT 2 isolated from diseased cattle and carrier buffalo, either on the same farm or in the same ecological area within a short time of each other, were compared by T1 oligonucleotide mapping. No similarity was observed between the maps obtained, indicating that the different populations of virus were unique to each species and that no interspecies transmission had occurred.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Variation in foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates in Kenya: an examination of field isolates by T1 oligonucleotide fingerprinting.

Ribonuclease T1 oligonucleotide maps of strains of 4 of the endemic serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus isolated in Kenya between 1964 and 1982 have been compared with data obtained in complement-fixation and neutralization tests. There was a continual change in the oligonucleotide maps obtained for all the serotypes examined. This genetic heterogeneity was generally associated with antigenic variation. Viruses isolated during the 12-month course of an epidemic of the SAT 1 serotype showed few changes in their oligonucleotide fingerprints, and were serologically related. These maps form a data base that will be useful in future epidemiological studies on the maintenance and spread of foot-and-mouth disease virus in this region.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Weight loss improves lipoprotein lipid profiles in patients with hypercholesterolemia.

Risk for coronary artery disease is directly related to plasma levels of total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and inversely related to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations. Weight gain in four of five patients with hypercholesterolemia given colestipol for 37 +/- 6 months was associated with a decrease in HDL cholesterol levels and an increase in LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratios. Weight loss (-7 +/- 2 kg) in these five and two other patients given colestipol increased plasma HDL cholesterol (17% +/- 6%) and lowered total cholesterol (-8% +/- 1%), LDL cholesterol (-13% +/- 2%), and total triglyceride (-20% +/- 4%) concentrations. However, in six patients given treatment by diet alone (no colestipol), comparable weight loss (-6 +/- 1 kg) did not alter plasma HDL cholesterol or total triglyceride concentrations, but reduced total cholesterol (-9% +/- 3%) and LDL cholesterol (-11% +/- 3%) levels. These results suggest that weight reduction increases plasma HDL cholesterol levels only in those patients with hypercholesterolemia given colestipol but not in those given treatment by diet alone. Nevertheless, the effects of weight loss on plasma total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were comparable in the two groups of patients. This indicates that weight loss is an important adjunct in the treatment of moderately obese patients with hypercholesterolemia and may reduce their risk for coronary artery disease by improving their lipid profiles.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Observations on the stability of foot and mouth disease vaccine antigens.

The 146S particle of the foot and mouth disease virus which is used as a vaccine antigen was found to be relatively stable when stored for prolonged periods at 4 degrees C. However, stored antigens of virus strains of the SAT serotypes but not of a virus strain of the type O serotype became less thermostable at 37 degrees C following 4 degrees C storage. Vaccines returned from the field 10 months after they were made were shown to contain significant amounts of 146S antigen of the O, A, SAT 1 and SAT 2 serotypes. Vaccine containing antigens at least 6 months old was shown to stimulate an acceptable immune response.

Aluminum Hydroxide↗
PubMed1981

Pulmonary tumours in Syrian hamsters following inhalation of 239PuO2.

Syrian hamsters were exposed to various levels of aerosolized 239PuO2 particles to attain a range of initial lung burdens (medians ranged from 40 to 144 nCi). They were allowed to live without sacrifice and had gross and microscopic tissue examinations at death. Over a range of median lung doses from 4-12 000 rad there was an average 2 per cent incidence of malignant tumours (adenocarcinomas) and 9 per cent incidence of total tumours (primarily adenomas). Some of these results are consistent with those from other laboratories using plutonium oxide aerosols but they represent considerably lower lung tumour incidences than previously observed in this laboratory using aerosols of 238PuO2-ZrO2 particles.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

In vitro comparison of foot-and-mouth disease virus subtype variants causing disease in vaccinated cattle.

Foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates of types O, A and SAT 2, from diseased animals in herds routinely vaccinated twice a year were compared antigenically with the vaccine strains in the complement-fixation, neutralization and radial immunodiffusion tests. It was found that strains which had readily infected vaccinated cattle had R values against the vaccine strain in the complementfixation and radial immunodiffusion tests of 30 or less, while strains causing primary outbreaks with little spread had R values of 30-40. Threefold differences in humoral neutralizing antibody concentration between the field variant and the vaccine strain in sera from vaccinated animals were likely to be significant in terms of protection.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The role of sheep and goats in the epizootiology of foot-and-mouth disease in Kenya.

The pathogenicity of two bovine field strains of virus for indigenous goats was examined in the laboratory. The goats failed to develop clinical disease or become virus carriers although the majority showed a definite immune response. A field survey in a foot-and-mouth disease enzootic area showed that the indigenous sheep and goat populations were frequently exposed to infection as evidenced by a high proportion of sero-positive animals but the incidence of virus carriers was very low in goats and no carriers were detected in sheep.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The pathogenicity of bovine strains of foot and mouth disease virus for impala and wildebeest.

Impala (Aepyceros melampus) and wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) were infected with bovine strains of foot and mouth disease virus by intradermolingual inoculation. No clinical signs developed in the impala but mild atypical lesions developed in the tongues of the wildebeest with generalized spread to one foot in two of the eight animals exposed. All the impala but only some of the wildebeest developed viraemia. No virus could be isolated from any tissues in either species after the 7th day following virus inoculation. Immune response occurred in both species. A field survey revealed few animals of either species with significant antibody titers and no virus 'carriers' were found.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Lung response to localized irradiation from plutonium microspheres.

Uniform spherical 10-micrometer diameter particles of ZrO2 ceramic, containing various concentrations of PuO2, have been injected into the jugular vein of Syrian hamsters with subsequent permanent lodgement in the lung capillaries. The number of particles injected has varied from 2000 to 2 000 000 and the specific activity has been from 0.16 to 59 pCi/sphere so that lung burdens range from 0.2 to 700 nCi. To date, approximately 3000 hamsters have been committed to the experiment and two-thirds have died--the expected rate for normal animals. Little biological damage has been observed, and only five primary lung tumours have been found that may be due to radiation delivered to the lung. To provide a comparison to more uniform radiation, soluble polonium has also been instilled intratracheally. Results from the microspheres suggest that localized lung irradiation alone is not sufficient cause for tumour induction and is much less hazardous than diffuse exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

The effect of repeated vaccination in an enzootic foot-and-mouth disease area on the incidence of virus carrier cattle.

A comparison was made of the incidence of foot-and-mouth disease virus ;carrier' cattle in an unvaccinated enzootic area and an area where routine 6-monthly vaccination with an inactivated vaccine had been carried out for 3-4 years. The incidence of carriers in the vaccinated area was 0.49% as compared to 3.34% in the non-vaccinated area. The results indicate that, provided the immune status of the vaccinated herd is maintained at a level sufficient to prevent outbreaks of clinical disease and the re-introduction of virus is prevented through livestock movement controls, it should be possible to eradicate the disease from an enzootic area through vaccination.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

The foot-and-mouth disease virus subtype variants in Kenya.

The subtype variants found in Kenya in the past ten years have been studied. The type O and type SAT 2 subtypes have a distinct geographical distribution which appears to be associated with livestock movement patterns. The type A viruses have a greater tendency to antigenic variation and their geographical distribution is less distinct. In type C only minor differences exist between the three viruses studied.

Animals↗